ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Gut bacteria play a crucial role in the metabolism of bile acids (BA). Whether an association exists between the fecal microbiota composition and circulating BA levels in humans is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the relationship between fecal microbiota diversity and composition with plasma levels of BA in young adults. METHODS: Fecal microbiota diversity/composition was analyzed with 16S rRNA sequencing in 80 young adults (74% women; 21.9 ± 2.2 years old). Plasma levels of BA were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PERMANOVA and Spearman correlation analyses were used to investigate the association between fecal microbiota parameters and plasma levels of BA. RESULTS: Fecal microbiota beta (P = 0.025) and alpha diversity indexes of evenness (rho = 0.237, P = 0.033), Shannon (rho = 0.313, P = 0.004), and inverse Simpson (rho = 0.283, P = 0.010) were positively associated with plasma levels of the secondary BA glycolithocholic acid (GLCA). The relative abundance of genera belonging to the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla was positively correlated with plasma levels of GLCA (all rho ≥ 0.225, P ≤ 0.049). However, the relative abundance of species from Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla were negatively correlated with plasma levels of primary and secondary BA (all rho ≤ - 0.220, P ≤ 0.045), except for the relative abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus, Alistipes onderdonkii, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens species (Bacteroidetes phylum) that were positively correlated with the plasma levels of GLCA. CONCLUSIONS: The relative abundance of specific fecal bacteria species is associated with plasma levels of BA in young adults. However, further investigations are required to validate whether the composition of the gut microbiota can regulate the plasma concentrations of BA in humans.
Subject(s)
Bile Acids and Salts , Firmicutes , Humans , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Male , Firmicutes/genetics , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Metabolomics , Bacteria/genetics , Bacteroidetes/geneticsABSTRACT
Circulating bile acids (BA) are signaling molecules that control glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the effects of acute exercise on plasma levels of BA in humans remain poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the effects of a bout of maximal endurance exercise (EE) and resistance exercise (RE) on plasma levels of BA in young, sedentary adults. Concentration of eight plasma BA was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry before and 3, 30, 60, and 120 min after each exercise bout. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was assessed in 14 young adults (21.8 ± 2.5 yo, 12 women); muscle strength was assessed in 17 young adults (22.4 ± 2.5 yo, 11 women). EE transiently decreased plasma levels of total, primary, and secondary BA at 3 and 30 min after exercise. RE exerted a prolonged reduction in plasma levels of secondary BA (p < 0.001) that lasted until 120 min. Primary BA levels of cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) were different across individuals with low/high CRF levels after EE (p ≤ 0.044); CA levels were different across individuals with low/high handgrip strength levels. High CRF individuals presented higher levels of CA and CDCA 120 min after exercise vs baseline (+77% and +65%) vs the low CRF group (-5% and -39%). High handgrip strength levels individuals presented higher levels of CA 120 min after exercise versus baseline (+63%) versus the low handgrip strength group (+6%). The study findings indicate that an individual's level of physical fitness can influence how circulating BA respond to both endurance and resistance exercise. Additionally, the study suggests that changes in plasma BA levels after exercising could be related to the control of glucose homeostasis in humans.
Subject(s)
Bile Acids and Salts , Resistance Training , Young Adult , Humans , Female , Hand Strength , Exercise , GlucoseABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Bile acids (BA) are known for their role in intestinal lipid absorption and can also play a role as signaling molecules to control energy metabolism. Prior evidence suggests that alterations in circulating BA levels and in the pool of circulating BA are linked to an increased risk of obesity and a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged adults. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the association between plasma levels of BA with cardiometabolic risk factors in a cohort of well-phenotyped, relatively healthy young adults. METHODS: Body composition, brown adipose tissue, serum classical cardiometabolic risk factors, and a set of 8 plasma BA (including glyco-conjugated forms) in 136 young adults (age 22.1 ± 2.2 years, 67% women) were measured. RESULTS: Plasma levels of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) were higher in men than in women, although these differences disappeared after adjusting for body fat percentage. Furthermore, cholic acid (CA), CDCA, deoxycholic acid (DCA), and glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) levels were positively, yet weakly associated, with lean body mass (LBM) levels, while GDCA and glycolithocholic acid (GLCA) levels were negatively associated with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by brown adipose tissue. Interestingly, glycocholic acid (GCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), and GUDCA were positively associated with glucose and insulin serum levels, HOMA index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-8 levels, but negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ApoA1, and adiponectin levels, yet these significant correlations partially disappeared after the inclusion of LBM as a confounder. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that plasma levels of BA might be sex dependent and are associated with cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk factors in young and relatively healthy adults.
Subject(s)
Bile Acids and Salts/blood , Adiposity , Body Mass Index , Cardiometabolic Risk Factors , Female , Healthy Volunteers , Humans , Male , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Sex Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Dilatation, Pathologic/diagnostic imaging , Biliary Tract Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Biliary Tract Diseases/congenital , Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance/methodsABSTRACT
The congenital dilation of the bile duct is an infrequent pathology in western countries and is associated with the female sex. It is usually diagnosed clinically with complementary tests and evaluated at an early age and also appears frequently in adults. These dilatations are grouped into five types according to Todani's classification, including type Ic (Figure 1). The treatment of choice for dilatations of the biliary duct Todani type I is the complete excision of the biliary tract due to the susceptibility of malignant degeneration. A reconstruction is performed via a hepaticojejunostomy with a Roux-en-Y loop. Although in non-malignant cases, a papillotomy with prophylactic stent placement using ERCP can be performed as an alternative. We present the case of a 54-year-old female with a history of high blood pressure, she was examined due to generalized abdominal pain which was unrelated to food intake. The blood test did not identify any alterations of interest. Ultrasound identified a fusiform dilation of the common bile duct occupied by lithiasis. ERCP was attempted due to choledocholithiasis, but the procedure was abandoned as it was not feasible to channel the duodenal papilla. The study was completed with NMR cholangiography (transverse plane [Figure 2] and coronal plane [Figure 3]), identifying a diffuse fusiform dilatation of the common bile duct and common hepatic duct, compatible with congenital cystic lesion Todani type Ic. Finally, the patient underwent a hepaticojejunostomy after sectioning of the main bile duct and extraction of choledocholithiasis.
Subject(s)
Common Bile Duct/abnormalities , Hepatic Duct, Common/abnormalities , Cholangiography/methods , Choledocholithiasis/diagnostic imaging , Common Bile Duct/diagnostic imaging , Dilatation, Pathologic/congenital , Dilatation, Pathologic/diagnostic imaging , Female , Hepatic Duct, Common/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Middle Aged , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Neurofibromatosis 1/complications , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/methods , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/surgery , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Anastomosis, SurgicalABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Cholecystitis, Acute/microbiology , Listeriosis/complications , Listeria monocytogenes/pathogenicity , Abdominal Pain/etiology , CholecystectomySubject(s)
Digestive System Surgical Procedures/methods , Duodenal Neoplasms/surgery , Duodenum/surgery , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/surgery , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/surgery , Neurofibromatosis 1 , Adult , Anastomosis, Surgical , Duodenal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Duodenal Neoplasms/etiology , Duodenum/diagnostic imaging , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/diagnostic imaging , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/etiology , Humans , Jejunal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Jejunal Neoplasms/etiology , Jejunal Neoplasms/surgery , Male , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/etiology , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography , Remission InductionABSTRACT
No disponible