Head and neck cancer: genetic polymorphisms and folate metabolism.

UNLABELLED: Epidemiological evidence suggests that genetic variants encoding enzymes involved in folate metabolism may modulate HNSCC risk by altering DNA methylation synthesis and genomic estability. AIM: A review of the literature on genetic polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism and risk of head and neck cancer was carried out. METHODOLOGY: An electronic search was made on the Medline database to select papers on head and neck cancer and polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism. RESULTS: The association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and the risk of this tumor type was evaluated in nine studies; there was an association with this disease in three papers. The MTR A2756G and MTRR A66G and RFC1 A80G polymorphisms were also associated with increased risk for HNSCC. MTHFD1 G1958A polymorphism was not associated with increased risk of this disease; the evaluation results of the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism in this neoplasm were contradictory. Other polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism were not studied for this neoplasm. CONCLUSION: We conclude that polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism may modulate the risk of head and neck cancer, however, these results need to be demonstrated in different populations.

Câncer de cabeça e pescoço: polimorfismos genéticos e metabolismo do folato / Head and neck cancer: genetic polymorphisms and folate metabolism

Evidências epidemiológicas sugerem que variantes genéticas que codificam enzimas envolvidas no metabolismo do folato podem modular o risco de câncer de cabeça e pescoço por alterar a metilação, síntese de DNA e estabilidade genômica. OBJETIVOS: Realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre polimorfismos genéticos envolvidos no metabolismo do folato e o risco de câncer de cabeça e pescoço. METODOLOGIA: Realizou-se uma busca eletrônica na base de dados Medline, selecionando estudos em câncer de cabeça do pescoço e polimorfismos envolvidos no metabolismo do folato. RESULTADOS: A associação do polimorfismo MTHFR C677T no risco dessa neoplasia foi avaliada em nove estudos e três deles mostraram associação com essa doença. Os polimorfismos MTR A2756G e MTRR A66G e RFC1 A80G também foram associados com aumento de risco para o câncer de cabeça e pescoço. O polimorfismo MTHFD1 G1958A não mostra associação com o risco dessa doença e os resultados da avaliação do polimorfismo MTHFR A1298C nesse tipo de neoplasia são contraditórios. Outros polimorfismos envolvidos no metabolismo do folato ainda não foram estudados nesse tipo de neoplasia. CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos que polimorfismos envolvidos no metabolismo do folato podem modular o risco desse tipo de tumor, no entanto, esses resultados precisam ser comprovados em diferentes populações.

Epidemiological evidence suggests that genetic variants encoding enzymes involved in folate metabolism may modulate HNSCC risk by altering DNA methylation synthesis and genomic estability. AIM: A review of the literature on genetic polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism and risk of head and neck cancer was carried out. METHODOLOGY: An electronic search was made on the Medline database to select papers on head and neck cancer and polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism. RESULTS: The association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and the risk of this tumor type was evaluated in nine studies; there was an association with this disease in three papers. The MTR A2756G and MTRR A66G and RFC1 A80G polymorphisms were also associated with increased risk for HNSCC. MTHFD1 G1958A polymorphism was not associated with increased risk of this disease; the evaluation results of the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism in this neoplasm were contradictory. Other polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism were not studied for this neoplasm. CONCLUSION: We conclude that polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism may modulate the risk of head and neck cancer, however, these results need to be demonstrated in different populations.

Q36R polymorphism of KiSS-1 gene in Brazilian head and neck cancer patients.

The KiSS-1 metastasis-suppressor gene (KiSS-1) product (metastin, kisspeptin) is reported to act after binding with the natural ligand of a G-protein coupled receptor and this gene product inhibits chemotaxis, invasion, and metastasis of cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Q36R polymorphism of KiSS-1 in patients with head and neck cancer and to compare the results with healthy individuals and its association with clinicopathological parameters. Gender, age, smoking and alcohol consumption were analyzed for 744 individual (252 head and neck cancer patients and in 522 control individuals). The molecular analysis of these individuals was made after extraction of genomic DNA using the SSCP-PCR technique. This study did not reveal any significant differences in genotype frequencies between healthy individuals and patients with head and neck cancer or with the clinical parameters. This study showed an increase frequency of the Q36R polymorphism in pharyngeal cancer.

MTHFD1 G1958A, BHMT G742A, TC2 C776G and TC2 A67G polymorphisms and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma risk.

Alterations in folate metabolism may contribute to the process of carcinogenesis by influencing DNA methylation and genomic stability. Polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes involved in this pathway may alter enzyme activity and consequently interfere in concentrations of homocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine that are important for DNA synthesis and cellular methylation reactions. The objectives were to investigate MTHFD1 G1958A, BHMT G742A, TC2 C776G and TC2 A67G polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism on head and neck cancer risk and the association between these polymorphisms with risk factors. Polymorphisms were investigated in 762 individuals (272 patients and 490 controls) by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and Real Time-PCR. Chi-square and Multiple logistic regression were used for the statistical analysis. Multiple logistic regression showed that tobacco and male gender were predictors for the disease (P < 0.05). Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showed that the genotypic distributions were in equilibrium for both groups in all polymorphisms studied. The BHMT 742GA or AA genotypes associated with tobacco consumption (P = 0.016) increase the risk for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The present study suggests that BHMT 742GA polymorphism associated to tobacco modulate HNSCC risk. However, further investigation of gene-gene interactions in folate metabolism and studies in different populations are needed to investigate polymorphisms and HNSCC risk.

Polymorphisms of the CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma risk.

Polymorphisms in genes that encode P450 cytochrome enzymes may increase carcinogen activation or decrease their inactivation and consequently, promote the development of cancer. The aims of this study were to identify the MspI-CYP1A1, PstI-CYP2E1 and DraI-CYP2E1 polymorphisms in patients with head and neck cancer and to compare with individuals without cancer; to evaluate the association of these polymorphisms with risk factors and clinical histopathological parameters. In the study group, 313 patients were evaluated for CYP1A1, 217 for CYP2E1 (PstI) and 211 for CYP2E1 (DraI) and in the control group 417, 334 and 374 individuals, respectively. Molecular analysis was performed by PCR-RFLP technique, and chi-square and multiple logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis. The result of analysis regarding individuals evaluated for CYP1A1 (MspI) showed that age (OR: 8.15; 95% CI 5.57-11.92) and smoking (OR: 5.37; 95% CI 3.52-8.21) were predictors for the disease; for the CYP2E1 (PstI and DraI), there were associations with age (PstI-OR: 9.10; 95% CI 5.86-14.14/DraI-OR: 8.07; 95% CI 5.12-12.72), smoking (PstI-OR: 4.10; 95% CI 2.44-6.89/DraI-OR: 5.73; 95% CI 3.34-9.82), alcohol (PstI-OR: 1.93; 95% CI 1.18-3.16/DraI-OR: 1.69; 95% CI 1.02-2.81), respectively, with disease development. CYP2E1 (PstI) was less frequent in patient group (OR: 0.48; 95% CI 0.23-0.98). Regarding clinical histopathological parameters, CYP1A1 polymorphism was less frequent in the larynx primary anatomic site (OR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.28-0.73; P = 0.014). In conclusion, we confirm that age, smoking and alcohol consumption are risk factors for this disease and the polymorphisms investigated have no association with the development of head and neck cancer.

Polymorphisms and haplotypes in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma risk.

Functional polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes involved in folate metabolism might modulate head and neck carcinoma risk because folate participates in DNA methylation and synthesis. We therefore conducted a case-control study of 853 individuals (322 head and neck cancer cases and 531 non-cancer controls) to investigate associations among MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma risk. Interactions between these two polymorphisms and risk factors and clinical histopathological parameters were also evaluated. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used to genotype the polymorphisms and Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used for statistical analyses. The variables age≥49 years, male gender, tobacco habits and alcohol consumption, MTHFR 1298 AC or CC genotypes, combined genotypes with two or more polymorphic alleles and 677T and 1298C polymorphic alleles were associated with increased risk for this disease (P<0.05). Furthermore, we found that 1298 AC or CC genotypes were associated with age≥49 years, tobacco and alcohol habits (P<0.05). Regarding clinical histopathological parameters, the A1298C polymorphism was more frequent in patients with oral cavity as primary site (P<0.05). MTHFR polymorphisms may contribute for increase risk for head and neck carcinoma and the variables age≥49 years, male gender, tobacco and alcohol habits were associated with MTHFR 1298AC or CC genotypes, confirming that individuals with these variables and MTHFR A1298C polymorphism has higher risk for this disease.

[Genetic polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor in pre-eclampsia]. / Polimorfismos genéticos do fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular na pré-eclâmpsia.

PURPOSE: To identify genetic polymorphisms of endothelial growth factor (VEGF), positions +936C/T and -2578C/A, in women with pre-eclampsia. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 80 women divided into two groups: pre-eclampsia and control. The sample was characterized using a pre-structured interview and data transcribed from the medical records. DNA extraction, amplification of sequences by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with specific primers and polymorphism analysis of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) were performed to identify polymorphisms. The statistical analysis was performed in a descriptive manner and using the x² test. The multiple logistic regression model was used to determine the effect of polymorphisms on pre-eclampsia. RESULTS: A higher frequency of the T allele of the VEGF +936C/T polymorphism was observed in patients with pre-eclampsia, but with no significant difference. The presence of allele A of the VEGF -2578C/A was significantly higher in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: No significant association was observed between VEGF +936C/T polymorphism and pre-eclampsia. For the VEGF -2578C/A polymorphism a significant difference was observed between the control and pre-eclampsia group, with allele A being the most frequent in the control, suggesting the possibility that carriers of allele A have lower susceptibility to the development of pre-eclampsia.

Polimorfismos genéticos do fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular na pré-eclâmpsia / Genetic polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor in pre-eclampsia

OBJETIVO: Identificar polimorfismos genéticos do fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular (VEGF), posições +936C/T e -2578C/A, em mulheres com pré-eclâmpsia. MÉTODOS:Trata-se de um estudo transversal,constituído por 80 mulheres distribuídas em dois grupos: pré-eclâmpsia e grupo controle. A caracterização da amostra foi realizada mediante entrevista pré-estruturadae complementada por dados transcritos dos prontuários. Para identificação dos polimorfismos foi realizada extração de DNA, amplificação das sequências pela Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) com primers específicos e análise por Polimorfismos de Comprimentos de Fragmentos de Restrição (RFLP). A análise estatística dos resultados foi realizada de forma descritiva e pelo teste do . O modelo de regressão logística múltipla foi utilizado para determinar o efeito dos polimorfismos na pré-eclampsia. RESULTADOS: Evidenciou-se uma maior frequência do alelo T do polimorfismo VEGF +936C/T nas pacientes com pré-eclâmpsia, embora com diferença não significativa.A presença do alelo A do VEGF -2578C/A foi maior no grupo controle, com diferença significativa. CONCLUSÕES: Não foi observada associação significativa do polimorfismo VEGF +936C/T com a pré-eclâmpsia. Para o polimorfismo VEGF -2578C/A observa-se diferença significativa entre os grupos, sendo o alelo A mais frequente no controle, sugerindo a possibilidade da portadora do alelo A apresentar menor suscetibilidade para o desenvolvimento de pré-eclâmpsia.

PURPOSE: To identify genetic polymorphisms of endothelial growth factor (VEGF), positions +936C/T and -2578C/A, in women with pre-eclampsia. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 80 women divided into two groups: pre-eclampsia and control. The sample was characterized using a pre-structured interview and data transcribed from the medical records. DNA extraction, amplification of sequences by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with specific primers and polymorphism analysis of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) were performed to identify polymorphisms. The statistical analysis was performedin a descriptive manner and using the test. The multiple logistic regression model was used to determine the effect of polymorphisms on pre-eclampsia. RESULTS:Ahigher frequency of the T allele of theVEGF +936C/T polymorphism was observedin patients with pre-eclampsia, but with no significant difference. The presence of allele A of the VEGF -2578C/A was significantly higher in the control group. CONCLUSIONS:No significant association was observed between VEGF +936C/Tpolymorphism andpre-eclampsia. For the VEGF -2578C/A polymorphism a significant differencewas observed between thecontrol and pre-eclampsia group, with allele A being the most frequent in the control, suggesting the possibility that carriers of allele A have lower susceptibility to the development of pre-eclampsia.

Head and neck carconogenesis: impact of MTHFD1 G1958A polymorphism.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the MTHFD1 G1958A polymorphism involved in the folate metabolism as a risk for head and neck cancer, and to find the association of the polymorphism with the risk factors and clinical and histopathological characteristics. METHODS: Retrospective study investigating MTHFD1 G1958A polymorphism in 694 subjects (240 patients in the Case Group and 454 in the Control Group) by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) Analysis. Multiple logistic regression and chi-square tests were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Multivariable analysis showed that smoking and age over 42 years were disease predictors (p < 0.05). MTHFD1 1958GA or AA genotypes were associated with smoking (p = 0.04) and alcoholism (p = 0.03) and were more often found in more advanced stage tumors (p = 0.04) and in patients with a shorter survival (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: The presence of MTHFD1 G1948A polymorphism associated with smoking and alcoholism raises the head and neck cancer risk.

Carcinogênese de cabeça e pescoço: impacto do polimorfismo MTHFD1 G1958A / Head and neck carconogenesis: impact of MTHFD1 G1958A polymorphism

OBJETIVO: Investigar o polimorfismo MTHFD1 G1958A envolvido no metabolismo do folato no risco para o câncer de cabeça e pescoço e verificar a associação entre esse polimorfismo com fatores de risco e características clínico-histopatológicas. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo que avaliou o polimorfismo MTHFD1 G1958A em 694 indivíduos (240 pacientes e 454 controles), por meio da técnica de análise de polimorfismo de comprimento de fragmento de restrição. Para análise estatística foram utilizados os testes de regressão logística múltipla e qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Tabagismo e idade superior a 42 anos foram preditores da doença (p < 0,05). Os genótipos MTHFD1 1958GA ou AA foram associados ao tabagismo (p = 0,04) e etilismo (p = 0,03) e estão presentes em maior proporção em tumores com estádios mais avançados (p = 0,04) e em pacientes com menor sobrevida (p = 0,03). CONCLUSÃO: A presença do polimorfismo MTHFD1 G1958A associada aos hábitos tabagista e etilista aumenta o risco para desenvolvimento de câncer de cabeça e pescoço.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the MTHFD1 G1958A polymorphism involved in the folate metabolism as a risk for head and neck cancer, and to find the association of the polymorphism with the risk factors and clinical and histopathological characteristics. METHODS: Retrospective study investigating MTHFD1 G1958A polymorphism in 694 subjects (240 patients in the Case Group and 454 in the Control Group) by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) Analysis. Multiple logistic regression and chi-square tests were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Multivariable analysis showed that smoking and age over 42 years were disease predictors (p < 0.05). MTHFD1 1958GA or AA genotypes were associated with smoking (p = 0.04) and alcoholism (p = 0.03) and were more often found in more advanced stage tumors (p = 0.04) and in patients with a shorter survival (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: The presence of MTHFD1 G1948A polymorphism associated with smoking and alcoholism raises the head and neck cancer risk.

A80G polymorphism of reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1) gene and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma etiology in Brazilian population.

Reduced folate carrier is an essential folate transporter and the A80G polymorphism in reduced folate carrier 1 gene (rs1051266) has been shown to be associated with alterations in folate metabolism and consequently cancer development. We evaluated the association of this polymorphism with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma risk in a case-control study of 322 head and neck carcinoma patients and 531 individuals without cancer in a Brazilian population and association of this polymorphism with clinical histopathological parameters, and gender and lifestyle factors. The PCR-RFLP technique was used to genotype the polymorphism and multiple logistic regression was used for comparison between the groups and for interaction between the polymorphism and risk factors and clinical histopathological parameters. We observed association between the RFC1 A80G polymorphism and the risk of this disease. Male gender, tobacco habit and RFC1 AG or GG genotypes may be predictors of this disease (P < 0.05). The genotype, 80AG or GG was associated with for >50 years, male gender and non alcohol consumption (P ≤ 0.05). The polymorphism did not show any association with the primary site, aggressiveness, lymph node involvement or extension of the tumor. In conclusion tobacco and male gender are associated with etiology of this disease and our data provide evidence that supports an association between the RFC1 A80G polymorphism and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma risk, male gender, alcohol non consumption and age over 50 years. However, further studies of folate and plasma concentrations may contribute to the better understanding of the factors involved in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma etiology.

Polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

UNLABELLED: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism may be a risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma due to changes in folate levels that can induce disorders in the methylation pathway, which results in carcinogenesis. AIM: To evaluate MTHFR C677T polymorphism in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and in individuals with no history of cancer, and to assess the association of this disease with clinical histopathological parameters. SERIES AND METHODS: A retrospective study that assessed gender, age, tobacco, alcohol consumption and clinical histopathological parameters in 200 patients (100 with disease and 100 with no history of cancer). PCR-RFLP molecular analysis was carried out and the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were applied for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: There was no association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and head and neck cancer (p = 0.50). Significant differences between the study and control groups were observed at age over 50 years, tobacco use, and male gender (p <0.001). There was no association of disease with clinical-histopathological parameters. CONCLUSION: No association between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was possible in this study.

Polimorfismo do gene metilenotetra-hidrofolato redutase (MTHFR) e o risco de carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço / Polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

O polimorfismo C677T do gene metilenotetra-hidrofolato redutase (MTHFR) pode ser um fator de risco para o carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço devido a alterações nos níveis de folato que podem induzir alterações na metilação intracelular, promovendo a carcinogênese. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o polimorfismo MTHFR C677T em pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço e em indivíduos sem história de neoplasia e verificar a associação desta doença com as características clínico-patológicas. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo no qual foram avaliados gênero, idade, tabagismo, etilismo e parâmetros clínico-histopatológicos em 200 indivíduos (100 com a doença e 100 sem história de neoplasia). A análise molecular foi realizada pela técnica de PCR- RFLP e os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e Regressão Logística Múltipla foram utilizados para análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Não houve associação entre o polimorfismo MTHFR C677T e a doença (p=0,50). Diferenças significantes entre o grupo de pacientes e o grupo controle foram observadas para idade superior a 50 anos, hábito tabagista e gênero masculino (p<0,001). Não houve associação da doença com os parâmetros clínico-histopatológicos. CONCLUSÃO: Não foi possível estabelecer uma associação entre o polimorfismo MTHFR C677T e o carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism may be a risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma due to changes in folate levels that can induce disorders in the methylation pathway, which results in carcinogenesis. AIM: To evaluate MTHFR C677T polymorphism in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and in individuals with no history of cancer, and to assess the association of this disease with clinical histopathological parameters. SERIES AND METHODS: A retrospective study that assessed gender, age, tobacco, alcohol consumption and clinical histopathological parameters in 200 patients (100 with disease and 100 with no history of cancer). PCR-RFLP molecular analysis was carried out and the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were applied for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: There was no association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and head and neck cancer (p = 0.50). Significant differences between the study and control groups were observed at age over 50 years, tobacco use, and male gender (p <0.001). There was no association of disease with clinical-histopathological parameters. CONCLUSION: No association between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was possible in this study.

[GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes analysis in head and neck cancer patients].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the clinical and demographic profile and identify risk factors among patients with head and neck cancer and relate them to the polymorphism of GSTT1 and GSTM1. METHODS: One hundred patients with head and neck cancer and 100 control group individuals without history of neoplasm were analyzed. . The molecular analysis were made by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. For statistical analysis, data were tabulated and compared by the Fisher's exact test, the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were also used. RESULTS: There was prevalence of smokers (OR = 5.32, CI 95% CI = 2.04-13.86 p = 0.0006), alcohol drinkers (OR = 5.04, CI 95% = 2.19-11.59 p = 0.0001) in head and neck cancer patients . The GSTT1 null genotype was found in 47% of the patient and 41% of the control group (OR = 0.67; CI 95%= 0.34-1.35; p = 0.2648). Likewise , the GSTM1 null genotype was found in 66% of the patient and 75% of the control group (OR = 2.25; CI 95%= 1.05 - 4.84; p = 0.0368). The combined GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene null genotype shown association between GSTM1 0/GSTT1 and occurrence of head and neck carcinoma (OR = 7.64; CI 95%= 1.72-34.04; p = 0.0076). Analysis of clinical-pathological features showed association between GSTT1 null genotype and larynx, the inverse relation between this genotype and pharynx. CONCLUSION: In our study it was possible to establish association between GSTM1 null genotypes and head and neck cancer.

Analysis of the TAX1BP1 gene in head and neck cancer patients.

UNLABELLED: In Brazil, there were 14,160 new estimated cases of head and neck cancer for the year of 2008. Smoking and drinking are the main risk factors established in the etiology of this disease. AIM: To assess the T --> A polymorphism in gene TAX1BP1 (leu306ile) in patients with head and neck cancer and a control population. SERIES AND METHODS: A retrospective study in which we assessed the gender, age, smoking and drinking habits of 191 patients with head and neck cancer and 200 individuals without history of neoplasia. The molecular analysis was carried out after genomic DNA extraction by the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS: There is a predominance of males (84.82%), smokers (91.1%) and drinkers of alcohol (77.49%). Molecular assessment did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups (p =0.32). The analysis of clinical parameters and polymorphisms showed association with oral cavity cancer (OR: 2.38; CI 95%: 1.18-4.78; p = 0.01), the other parameters were not associated with the polymorphism. CONCLUSION: There is evidence of association between TAX1BP1 gene polymorphism and oral cavity cancer. For the remaining parameters analyzed, the results do not suggest association with the TAX1BP1 gene polymorphism.

Análise do gene TAX1BP1 em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço / Analysis of the TAX1BP1 gene in head and neck cancer patients

No Brasil foram estimados 14.160 casos novos de câncer e cabeça e pescoço para o ano de 2008. O tabagismo e o etilismo são os principais fatores de riscos estabelecidos na etiologia dessa doença. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o polimorfismo T → A do gene TAX1BP1 (leu306ile) em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço e em uma população controle. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo onde foram avaliados o sexo, idade, tabagismo e etilismo de 191 pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço e de 200 indivíduos sem história de neoplasia. A análise molecular foi realizada após extração de DNA genômico pela técnica de PCR-RFLP. RESULTADOS: Há predominância de pacientes do sexo masculino (84,82 por cento), tabagistas (91,1 por cento) e etilistas (77,49 por cento). A avaliação molecular não mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos (p =0,32). A análise dos parâmetros clínicos e polimorfismos mostrou uma associação com câncer na cavidade oral (OR:2,38; IC 95 por cento: 1,18-4,78; p = 0,01), os demais parâmetros não mostraram associação com o polimorfismo. CONCLUSÃO: Há evidências de associação entre o polimorfismo do gene TAX1BP1 e câncer de cavidade oral. Para os demais parâmetros analisados os resultados não sugerem uma associação com o polimorfismo do gene TAX1BP1.

In Brazil, there were 14,160 new estimated cases of head and neck cancer for the year of 2008. Smoking and drinking are the main risk factors established in the etiology of this disease. AIM: to assess the T → A polymorphism in gene TAX1BP1 (leu306ile) in patients with head and neck cancer and a control population. SERIES AND METHODS: a retrospective study in which we assessed the gender, age, smoking and drinking habits of 191 patients with head and neck cancer and 200 individuals without history of neoplasia. The molecular analysis was carried out after genomic DNA extraction by the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS: there is a predominance of males (84.82 percent), smokers (91.1 percent) and drinkers of alcohol (77.49 percent). Molecular assessment did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups (p =0.32). The analysis of clinical parameters and polymorphisms showed association with oral cavity cancer (OR: 2.38; CI 95 percent: 1.18-4.78; p = 0.01), the other parameters were not associated with the polymorphism. CONCLUSION: There is evidence of association between TAX1BP1 gene polymorphism and oral cavity cancer. For the remaining parameters analyzed, the results do not suggest association with the TAX1BP1 gene polymorphism.

Análise dos genes GSTM1 e GSTT1 em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço / GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes analysis in head and neck cancer patients

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer o perfil clínico e demográfico bem como identificar os fatores de risco entre os pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço e relacioná-los ao polimorfismo dos genes GSTT1 e GSTM1. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 100 pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço e 100 indivíduos sem história de neoplasia. A análise molecular foi realizada pela técnica de PCR multiplex. Para a análise estatística, os dados foram tabulados e comparados pelo teste exato de Fisher. Foi também utilizado o teste do Qui quadrado e de regressão logística múltipla. RESULTADOS: Há predomínio de indivíduos tabagistas (OR= 5,32; IC95 por cento= 2,04-13,86; p=0,0006), etilistas (OR= 5,04; IC95 por cento= 2,19-11,59; p= 0,0001) em pacientes com neoplasia de cabeça e pescoço. Foi identificado genótipo nulo do gene GSTT1 em 47 por cento dos pacientes e 41 por cento dos controles (OR= 0,67; IC 95 por cento= 0,34-1,35; p= 0,2648). Da mesma forma, identificou-se o genótipo nulo do gene GSTM1 em 66 por cento dos pacientes e 75 por cento dos controles (OR= 2,25; IC95 por cento= 1,05-4,84; p= 0,0368). A análise dos genótipos combinados demonstrou associação entre GSTM1*0/GSTT1 e a ocorrência de carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço (OR= 7,64; IC 95 por cento= 1,72-34,04; p= 0,0076). A análise dos parâmetros clínicos mostrou que é possível identificar associação entre genótipo GSTT1 nulo e neoplasia na laringe, o inverso ocorrendo com este genótipo e a faringe. CONCLUSÃO: Em nosso estudo foi possível estabelecer a associação entre a nulidade do genótipo GSTM1 e dos genótipos combinados GSTT1/GSTM1 *0 ([ ] / [-] a ocorrência de câncer de cabeça e pescoço.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the clinical and demographic profile and identify risk factors among patients with head and neck cancer and relate them to the polymorphism of GSTT1 and GSTM1. METHODS: One hundred patients with head and neck cancer and 100 control group individuals without history of neoplasm were analyzed. . The molecular analysis were made by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. For statistical analysis, data were tabulated and compared by the Fisher’s exact test, the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were also used. RESULTS: There was prevalence of smokers (OR = 5.32, CI 95 percent CI = 2.04-13.86 p = 0.0006), alcohol drinkers (OR = 5.04, CI 95 percent = 2.19-11.59 p = 0.0001) in head and neck cancer patients . The GSTT1 null genotype was found in 47 percent of the patient and 41 percent of the control group (OR = 0.67; CI 95 percent= 0.34-1.35; p = 0.2648). Likewise , the GSTM1 null genotype was found in 66 percent of the patient and 75 percent of the control group (OR = 2.25; CI 95 percent= 1.05 - 4.84; p = 0.0368). The combined GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene null genotype shown association between GSTM1*0/GSTT1 and occurrence of head and neck carcinoma (OR = 7.64; CI 95 percent= 1.72-34.04; p = 0.0076). Analysis of clinical-pathological features showed association between GSTT1 null genotype and larynx, the inverse relation between this genotype and pharynx. CONCLUSION: In our study it was possible to establish association between GSTM1 null genotypes and head and neck cancer.

GAPO syndrome: three new Brazilian cases, additional osseous manifestations, and review of the literature.

The GAPO syndrome is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disease that presents as main characteristics evident growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia, progressive optic atrophy and a typical face. Until now, only 30 patients have been reported in the medical literature (nine of them from Brazil, including the three cases described in the present article). This study describes three siblings with GAPO syndrome, two female and one male, the children of consanguineous parents (first-degree cousins, inbreeding F = 1/16), who are older than the previously described patients, presenting the characteristic phenotype besides serious bone alterations in the lower limbs, which had not yet been observed.

Epidemiologic evaluation of head and neck patients in a university hospital of Northwestern São Paulo State.

UNLABELLED: Head and neck cancer accounts for nearly 200.000 new cases worldwide. A mean of 13.470 new cases of cancer in the oral cavity for 100.000 inhabitants is observed in Brazil. AIM: To analyze clinical and epidemiological aspects in patients consulted in the Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ward in a University hospital of Northwestern São Paulo, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 427 patients consulted in the hospital in the period from 2000 to 2005 were investigated. The variables analyzed included: age, gender, occupation, skin color, tobacco and alcohol consumption, primary site of the tumor, clinical staging, degree of histological differentiation and outcome. The data was analyzed by descriptive and exploratory statistics. RESULTS: Prevalence was found among men (86%), white color (90%), smokers (83.37%), and alcoholics (65.80%); the average age was 61 years, 24.25% of men were farmers and 60% of women, housekeepers. Primary site of tumor was usually in the oral cavity (35.37%), with histological squamous cell. The incidence of deaths was 164. CONCLUSION: This study has provided the profile of the patients assisted in this hospital; moreover, it has contributed to outline further programs for preventing this disease.

Avaliação epidemiológica de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço em um hospital universitário do noroeste do estado de São Paulo / Epidemiologic evaluation of head and neck patients in a university hospital of Northwestern São Paulo State

No mundo, aproximadamente 200 mil casos novos de câncer de cabeça e pescoço são diagnosticados anualmente. Uma média de 13.470 casos novos de câncer de cavidade oral por 100 mil habitantes é observada no Brasil. OBJETIVO: Analisar os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos dos pacientes atendidos no Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço em um hospital universitário do Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os dados de 427 pacientes atendidos no período de 2000 a 2005. As variáveis analisadas incluíram idade, sexo, profissão, cor da pele, hábitos tabagista e etilista, sítio primário de tumor, estadiamento clínico, grau de diferenciação histológica e sobrevida. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva exploratória. RESULTADOS: Houve predomínio de homens (86 por cento), cor da pele branca (90 por cento), tabagistas (83,37 por cento), etilistas (65,80 por cento) com idade média de 61 anos, sendo que 24,25 por cento dos homens realizavam atividades rurais e 60 por cento das mulheres, atividades domésticas. O sítio primário de tumor mais freqüente foi a cavidade oral, com o tipo histológico espinocelular. Observou-se 164 óbitos. CONCLUSÃO: Esse levantamento contribuiu para traçar um perfil dos pacientes atendidos no hospital e, sobretudo contribuir com os programas de prevenção para esta doença.

Head and neck cancer accounts for nearly 200.000 new cases worldwide. A mean of 13.470 new cases of cancer in the oral cavity for 100.000 inhabitants is observed in Brazil. AIM: To analyze clinical and epidemiological aspects in patients consulted in the Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ward in a University hospital of Northwestern São Paulo, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 427 patients consulted in the hospital in the period from 2000 to 2005 were investigated. The variables analyzed included: age, gender, occupation, skin color, tobacco and alcohol consumption, primary site of the tumor, clinical staging, degree of histological differentiation and outcome. The data was analyzed by descriptive and exploratory statistics. RESULTS: Prevalence was found among men (86 percent), white color (90 percent), smokers (83.37 percent), and alcoholics (65.80 percent); the average age was 61 years, 24.25 percent of men were farmers and 60 percent of women, housekeepers. Primary site of tumor was usually in the oral cavity (35.37 percent), with histological squamous cell. The incidence of deaths was 164. CONCLUSION: This study has provided the profile of the patients assisted in this hospital; moreover, it has contributed to outline further programs for preventing this disease.