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2.
Rev. esp. patol. torac ; 34(3): 166-170, Oct. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-210683

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El consumo de tabaco es la primera causa de muerte evitable. A muchos fumadores les gustaría dejar el hábito. Aun así, a pesar de la eficacia demostrada de las intervenciones, muchos no están dispuestos a realizar un intento debido a las altas tasas de recaída y al miedo a los efectos secundarios de los tratamientos empleados, inclinándose a probar métodos alternativos.Objetivo: Conocer si la intervención avanzada individual (multicomponente cognitiva-conductual) es más efectiva que la intervención con hipnoterapia en pacientes fumadores, como tratamiento para dejar de fumar.Metodología: Estudio cuasiexperimental. Se incluyeron pacientes fumadores con antecedentes de patología respiratoria. Fueron asignados, según su preferencia, a un grupo de intervención avanzada individual en tabaquismo (grupo A) - al que se realizó una terapia multicomponente para dejar de fumar- o a un grupo de hipnoterapia (grupo B) en el que se realizó hipnosis para dejar de fumar.Todos los pacientes recibieron el tratamiento farmacológico y las pautas de actuación habituales que se utilizan en las consultas externas para tratar la enfermedad.Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la cesación del consumo de tabaco a los 6 meses, encontrándose valores inferiores tanto en el abandono como en la disminución del consumo en los pacientes a los que se les realizó hipnoterapia versus terapia multicomponente (p 0,023 y p 0,031 respectivamente). Conclusiones: La intervención para el abandono del tabaco que incorpora la hipnosis no ha demostrado ser tan eficaz como la terapia multicomponente en la población estudiada. (AU)


Introduction: Tobacco use is the number one preventable cause of death. Many smokers would like to kick the habit. Still, despite the proven efficacy of the interventions, many are reluctant to try due to high relapse rates and fear of side effects of the treatments used, and are inclined to try alternative approaches.Objetive: To know if the individual advanced intervention (cognitive-behavioural multicomponent) is more effective than the intervention with hypnotherapy in smokers, as a treatment to quit smoking.Methodology: Quasi-experimental study. Smokers with a history of respiratory pathology were included. They were assigned, according to their preference, to an advanced individual smoking cessation intervention group (group A) - which underwent multicomponent therapy to quit smoking - or to a hypnotherapy group (group B) in which hypnosis was performed to quit smoking. of smoking.All patients received the pharmacological treatment and the usual action guidelines that are used in outpatient clinics to treat the disease.Results: Significant differences were found in the cessation of tobacco consumption at 6 months, with lower values both in quitting and in the reduction of consumption in patients who underwent hypnotherapy versus multicomponent therapy (p 0.023 and p 0.031, respectively).Conclusions: Smoking cessation intervention incorporating hypnosis has not been shown to be as effective as multicomponent therapy in the population studied. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Tobacco Use/drug therapy , Tobacco Use/mortality , Hypnosis , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Smoking Cessation , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
4.
Rev. esp. patol. torac ; 30(3): 163-169, oct. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-180253

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: estudiar factores psicológicos en pacientes con asma grave y evaluar su relación con el control del asma. METODOLOGÍA: estudio prospectivo con inclusión de pacientes, diagnosticados de asma bronquial grave, revisados en consultas monográficas, participantes en el estudio de intervención psicológica (PSICOASMA). Se analizaron datos clínicos, cuestionario de control del asma (ACT), espirometría, inflamación (FENO). Se estudiaron alteraciones psicológicas con el cuestionario de ansiedad rasgo y estado (STAI-R y E), el inventario de depresión de BECK (BDI), cuestionario de Nijmegen. Se consideró alterado una puntuación en percentil >50 en el cuestionario STAI, Síndrome Hiperventilación si presentaban Nijmegen>23. RESULTADOS: Fueron incluidos 103 asmáticos graves, de edad 51,6 (13,7), mayoritariamente mujeres (79,6%). El 78,6% presentaban mal control del asma (ACT<20).Presentaban alterados test STAI-E, STAI-R el 50,5% y 68%, respectivamente y Nijmegen 47,5%. Respecto al nivel de depresión, según BDI, presentaron alteraciones leves, moderadas e intensas en el 31%, 25,2% y 11,6%, respectivamente. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el control del asma medido por ACT entre los pacientes que presentaban o no alterados los test de ansiedad; STAI-E (p <0,05), STAI- R (p <0,01); depresión (p <0,01) o Nijmegen (p <0,01), estando peor controlados los que tenían alteración en los test psicológicos. No se encontraron diferencias en parámetros funcionales ni cifras de FENO. CONCLUSIONES: encontramos niveles elevados de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con asma grave. Presentaban disnea funcional casi la mitad de los pacientes. Estas alteraciones psicológicas están relacionadas con el mal control de la enfermedad. Es importante y necesaria la evaluación psicológica en pacientes con asma grave


OBJECTIVES: to study the psychological factors in patients with severe asthma and evaluate their relationship with asthma control. METHODS: a prospective study including patients diagnosed with severe bronchial asthma who were examined in specialized clinics and who participated in the PSICOASMA psychological intervention study. The clinical data, asthma control test (ACT), spirometry and inflammation (FeNO) were analyzed. Psychological changes were studied using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-r and STAI-e), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Nijmegen Questionnaire. A percentile score of >50 on the STAI was considered altered, and hyperventilation syndrome was determined for Nijmegen >23. RESULTS: 103 primarily female (79.6%) severely asthmatic patients were included with an average age of 51.6 (13.7). 78.6% showed poor asthma control (ACT <20). 50.5% and 68% showed altered STAI-e and STAI-r results, respectively, and 47.5% showed altered Nijmegen results. With regard to the degree of depression, according to the BDI, 31% of patients showed mild changes, 25.2% moderate changes and 11.6% intense changes. Significant differences were found in asthma control measured by ACT between patients with or without altered results in the anxiety test; STAI-e (p <0.05), STAI-r (p <0.01); depression questionnaire (p <0.01) and Nijmegen Questionnaire (p <0.01), with those showing alteration in the psychological tests being more poorly controlled. No differences were found in functional parameters or FeNO figures. CONCLUSIONS: We found high levels of anxiety and depression in patients with severe asthma. Nearly half of patients showed functional dyspnea. These psychological changes are related to the poor control of the disease. Psychological evaluation is important and necessary in patients with severe asthma


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Asthma/psychology , Asthma/prevention & control , Psychological Tests , Surveys and Questionnaires , Depression/psychology , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Hyperventilation/complications , Prospective Studies
5.
Rev. esp. patol. torac ; 30(2): 136-142, jun. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-180250

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: evaluar la situación de abstinencia tras una media de 12 años en pacientes que realizaron un programa de intervención psicofarmacológica. Metodología: se incluyeron pacientes tratados en una Unidad Especializada de Tratamiento del Tabaquismo con terapia psicológica asociada, o no, a tratamiento farmacológico. El seguimiento inicial fue de 1 año. Se dividió en dos grupos: aquéllos pacientes en los que se objetivó abstinencia (cooximetría (CO) <5 ppm) tras el año de seguimiento (grupo A) y aquéllos pacientes no abstinentes (grupo B). Los pacientes fueron llamados por teléfono tras un periodo de 12 años de media y se comprobó la abstinencia. En caso de indicar que no fumaban, se invitó a que acudieran a nuestras consultas para confirmarlo con CO. Se consideró abstinencia confirmada (AC) si presentaban CO <5 ppm. En caso de no acudir, se indicó situación de abstinencia no confirmada (ANC). Se consideró fracaso (F) si el paciente indicaba que fumaba. Resultados: se estudiaron 1.639 pacientes (366 del grupo A y 1.273 del grupo B). A largo plazo, en el grupo A presentaron AC el 50,5% de los pacientes, ANC 11,7%, F el 20,8%, no fueron localizados el 13,9% y fallecieron el 3,6%. En el grupo B presentaron AC 5,8%, ANC 12,6%, F 45%, no localizados 29,7%, fallecidos 6,7% (p <0,01 entre ambos grupos, excepto ANC). Conclusiones: los pacientes que dejan el tabaco tras un año de seguimiento mantienen la abstinencia a largo plazo en más de la mitad de los casos


Objectives: to evaluate abstinence status after an average of 12 years in patients who underwent a psychopharmacological intervention program. Methods: the study included patients treated at a specialized tobacco cessation unit who received pharmacological treatment with or without associated psychological therapy. The initial follow-up lasted 1 year. Patients were divided into two groups: those who showed abstinence (CO-oximetry <5 ppm) after a year of followup (group A) and non-abstinent patients (group B). Patients were contacted by phone after an average of 12 years to confirm abstinence. If they indicated they did not smoke, they were invited to our clinics to confirm this with COoximetry. A CO-oximetry result of <5 ppm was considered confirmed abstinence. If patients did not visit the clinic, their status was recorded as unconfirmed abstinence. Status was considered failure if the patient indicated they smoked. Results: 1639 patients were studied (366 in group A and 1273 in group B). In the long run, abstinence was confirmed in 50.5% of patients, unconfirmed in 11.7%, 20.8% were recorded as failure, 13.9% could not be contacted and 3.6% had died in group A. In group B, 5.8% were recorded as confirmed abstinence, 12.6% as unconfirmed abstinence, 45% as failure, 29.7% could not be contacted and 6.7% had died (p <0.01 between both groups, except unconfirmed abstinence). Conclusions: patients who cease tobacco use after a year of follow-up maintain long-term abstinence in more than half of cases


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Smoking Cessation/methods , Psychopharmacology/methods , Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology , Smoking Prevention , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Prospective Studies , Psychotherapy , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods
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