ABSTRACT
Mangroves in the Northwest Coast of South America are contaminated with heavy metals due to wastewater discharges from industries, affecting the biota from this environment. However, bacteria proliferate in these harsh environmental conditions becoming possible sentinel of these contaminations. In this study, bacterial community composition was analyzed by throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from polluted and pristine mangrove sediments affected by marked differences in heavy metal concentrations. Core bacteria were dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes phyla, with strong differences between sites at class and genus levels, correlated with metal levels. Increment of abundance on specific OTUs were associated with either elevated or decreased concentrations of metals and with the sulfur cycle. The abundance of Sulfurovum lithotrophicum, Leptolinea tardivitalis, Desulfococcus multivorans and Aminobacterium colombiense increases when metals rise. On contrary, Bacillus stamsii, Nioella nitrareducens and Clostridiisalibacter paucivorans abundance increases when metal levels are reduced. We propose these OTUs as bacterial sentinels, whose abundance can help monitor the restoration programs of contaminated mangrove sediments in the future.
Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring , Geologic Sediments/microbiology , Metals, Heavy , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Wetlands , Bacteria , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S , South AmericaABSTRACT
Atypical mycobacterial infections are increasingly important in immunosuppressed patients as well as in healthy hosts. The atypical mycobacterium that most commonly affects the skin is Mycobacterium marinum. The infection should be suspected upon the presence of ulcers, nodules or chronic plaques and a history of contact with fresh or salt water. Optimal therapy is yet to be established. We report a case of Mycobacterium marinum infection in a patient receiving immunosuppressive therapy that responded favourably to treatment with doxicycline. We review the different antibiotic regimens prescribed in the past years for the treatment of Mycobacterium marinum infection.
Subject(s)
Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology , Mycobacterium marinum/isolation & purification , Wound Infection/microbiology , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Azathioprine/adverse effects , Azathioprine/therapeutic use , Doxycycline/therapeutic use , Foot Injuries/complications , Foot Injuries/microbiology , Foot Ulcer/drug therapy , Foot Ulcer/microbiology , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Leg Ulcer/drug therapy , Leg Ulcer/microbiology , Male , Methotrexate/adverse effects , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/drug therapy , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/etiology , Seawater/microbiology , Spondylitis, Ankylosing/complications , Spondylitis, Ankylosing/drug therapy , Wound Infection/drug therapyABSTRACT
Las infecciones por micobacterias atípicas están adquiriendo cada vez mayor importancia en los pacientes inmunodeprimidos, así como en huéspedes sanos. El Mycobacterium marinum es la micobacteria atípica que afecta la piel con mayor frecuencia. Debe sospecharse ante la existencia de úlceras, nódulos o placas crónicas y el antecedente de un contacto con medios acuáticos. El tratamiento óptimo no está aún bien establecido. Presentamos un nuevo caso de infección por Mycobacterium marinum en un paciente que seguía tratamiento con fármacos inmunosupresores, que respondió favorablemente al tratamiento con doxiciclina y revisamos los distintos regímenes antibióticos utilizados para el tratamiento de la infección por Mycobacterium marinum en los últimos años
Atypical mycobacterial infections are increasingly important in immunosuppressed patients as well as in healthy hosts. The atypical mycobacterium that most commonly affects the skin is Mycobacterium marinum. The infection should be suspected upon the presence of ulcers, nodules or chronic plaques and a history of contact with fresh or salt water. Optimal therapy is yet to be established. We report a case of Mycobacterium marinum infection in a patient receiving immunosuppressive therapy that responded favourably to treatment with doxicycline. We review the different antibiotic regimens prescribed in the past years for the treatment of Mycobacterium marinum infection
Subject(s)
Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Mycobacterium marinum/cytology , Mycobacterium marinum/isolation & purification , Granuloma/complications , Granuloma/diagnosis , Doxycycline/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/complications , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis , Infections/complications , Risk Factors , Rifampin/therapeutic use , Ethambutol/therapeutic use , Tetracyclines/therapeutic use , Clarithromycin/therapeutic use , Rifabutin/therapeutic use , Imipenem/therapeutic use , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/etiology , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/therapyABSTRACT
The authors made a review of 3670 cancer patients looking for multiple primary malignant tumors. They found 80 cases (2.17%) of multiple tumors suggesting that they are caused mainly by common etiologic factors and/or a genetic predisposition and secondarily by the measures employed in the treatment of the first tumor.