ABSTRACT
Introducción: estudios recientes sugieren que los niveles bajos de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 se relacionan con una mayor prevalencia de depresión; sin embargo, los resultados no son concluyentes. Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre el bajo consumo de ácidos grasos omega-3 y la presencia de síntomas depresivos en jóvenes universitarios del noroeste de México. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal en una muestra de 706 universitarios de 18 a 24 años de edad de ambos sexos. La presencia de sintomatología depresiva se estimó con la escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D) empleando un punto de corte ≥ 24. El consumo semanal de ácidos grasos alfalinolénico (ALA) y de eicosapentaenóico (EPA) más docosahexaenóico (DHA) en mg/g de alimento se estimó por medio de un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos validado para la población mexicana. La asociación del consumo de omega-3 con la presencia de síntomas depresivos se evaluó con modelos de regresión logística. Resultados: el 67% de los participantes fueron mujeres; en general, el 16,6% presentaron sintomatología depresiva. El consumo bajo de ALA y EPA + DHA no se asoció con mayor prevalencia de sintomatología depresiva antes y después de ajustar por confusores. En aquellos casos con sintomatología depresiva, los niveles ALA derivados solo de las nueces fueron significativamente menores. Conclusiones: en esta población no se observó asociación entre el bajo consumo de ácidos grasos omega-3 y la sintomatología depresiva. La posible asociación entre el consumo de nueces y la sintomatología depresiva requiere de más estudios (AU)
Introduction: recent studies suggest that low serum levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 are associated with a higher prevalence of depression. Objective: to evaluate whether low consumption of Omega-3 fatty acids is associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in a sample of college students from the Northwest of Mexico, and to assess the potential effect modification by alcohol consumption. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study in a sample of 706 college students (males and females) aged 18 to 24. The presence of depressive symptoms was identified with the Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CES-D), using a cutoff point of ≥ 24. The intake of omega-3 was obtained by a food frequency questionnaire validated for Mexican population. We estimated the weekly intake of alpha-linolenic fatty acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) derived from the diet in mg/g of food. The association between omega-3 from diet and the presence of depressive symptoms was assessed using logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results: 67% of the participants were females; 16.6% were classified as having depressive symptoms. A low intake of ALA and EPA + DHA was not associated with depressive symptoms before and after adjusting for confounders. Median levels of ALA (from nuts only) were significantly lower among those with depressive symptoms compared to those without these symptoms. Conclusions: in this population of Mexican college students, a low intake of omega-3 fatty acids was not associated with depressive symptoms. The potential association between nut consumption and depressive symptoms deserve more attention (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Depression/epidemiology , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/pharmacokinetics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Protective Agents/pharmacokinetics , NutsABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: comparar las mediciones de la temperatura corporal con termómetros ótico y cutáneo con termómetro digital axilar. MÉTODO: Los sujetos fueron niños hospitalizados o de consulta externa del Hospital General Celaya, Clínica Hospital ISSSTE y Hospital General de Zona No. 4 del IMSS y de servicio privado pediátrico en Celaya (Guanajuato) desde neonatos de un día de vida hasta adolescentes de 16 años de edad, reclutados durante un mes en cada institución, seleccionado el orden de las instituciones por método aleatorizado simple. Se midió la temperatura corporal con termómetro ótico, termómetro cutáneo y digital axilar. Todas las mediciones se tomaron en 3 ocasiones. RESULTADOS: La muestra estuvo integrada por 554 niños. Entre termómetro ótico y digital axilar, la r de Pearson fue de 0,57 a 0,65, con relación lineal positiva (p < 0,05); entre el cutáneo y el digital axilar, la r de Pearson fue entre 0,47 y 0,52 con relación lineal positiva (p < 0,05). La kappa intraobservador para el termómetro ótico fue de 0,86, e interobservador fue de 0,77, para el termómetro cutáneo fueron 0,82 y 0,67, respectivamente y para el termómetro axilar digital fue de 0,86 para la confiabilidad intraobservador y de 0,78 para la interobservador. CONCLUSIÓN: El termómetro ótico y el digital axilar muestran mejor precisión de la medición de la temperatura corporal que el termómetro cutáneo
OBJECTIVE: To compare body temperature measurements using tympanic, skin and digital axillary thermometers. METHOD: Hospitalized or outpatient children from the General Hospital Celaya, ISSSTE Hospital Clinic and General Hospital No. 4 IMSS, and the pediatric private service in Celaya, Guanajuato, from 1 day of life until 16 years old, were recruited over a one month period, aftertheir parents signed the consent form. The order of each institution was selected by simplerandomization. Body temperatures were measured in triplicate using tympanic, skin and digitalaxillary thermometers. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 554 children. The Pearson r between the tympanic and digitalaxillary thermometers was 0.57 to 0.65, with a positive linear relationship (P<.05); betweenthe skin and the digital axillary thermometers, it was between 0.47 and 0.52 with a positivelinearrelationship (P<.05). The intra-observer Kappa for the tympanic thermometer was 0.86, and for the inter-observer was 0.77; for the skin thermometer it was 0.82 and 0.67, respectively,and for the digital axillary thermometer it was 0.86 for intra-observer reliability and 0.78 forinter -observer reliability. CONCLUSION: Tympanic and axillary thermometers showed better precision in measuring the bodytemperature in children than skin thermometers
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Body Temperature , Thermometers , Fever/diagnosis , Nursing Care/methods , Child, Hospitalized , Risk Measurement Equipment , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare body temperature measurements using tympanic, skin and digital axillary thermometers. METHOD: Hospitalized or outpatient children from the General Hospital Celaya, ISSSTE Hospital Clinic and General Hospital No. 4 IMSS, and the pediatric private service in Celaya, Guanajuato, from 1 day of life until 16 years old, were recruited over a one month period, after their parents signed the consent form. The order of each institution was selected by simple randomization. Body temperatures were measured in triplicate using tympanic, skin and digital axillary thermometers. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 554 children. The Pearson r between the tympanic and digital axillary thermometers was 0.57 to 0.65, with a positive linear relationship (P<.05); between the skin and the digital axillary thermometers, it was between 0.47 and 0.52 with a positive linearrelationship (P<.05). The intra-observer Kappa for the tympanic thermometer was 0.86, and for the inter-observer was 0.77; for the skin thermometer it was 0.82 and 0.67, respectively, and for the digital axillary thermometer it was 0.86 for intra-observer reliability and 0.78 for inter -observer reliability. CONCLUSION: Tympanic and axillary thermometers showed better precision in measuring the body temperature in children than skin thermometers.
