ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to establish heart rate as a measure of energy expenditure in large active kennel dogs (28 ± 3 kg bw). Therefore, the heart rate (HR)-oxygen consumption (VËO2) relationship was analysed in Foxhound-Boxer-Ingelheim-Labrador cross-breds (FBI dogs) at rest and graded levels of exercise on a treadmill up to 60-65% of maximal aerobic capacity. To test for effects of training, HR and VËO2 were measured in female dogs, before and after a training period, and after an adjacent training pause to test for reversibility of potential effects. Least squares regression was applied to describe the relationship between HR and VËO2. The applied training had no statistically significant effect on the HR-VËO2 regression. A general regression line from all data collected was prepared to establish a general predictive equation for energy expenditure from HR in FBI dogs. The regression equation established in this study enables fast estimation of energy requirement for running activity. The equation is valid for large dogs weighing around 30 kg that run at ground level up to 15 km/h with a heart rate maximum of 190 bpm irrespective of the training level.
Subject(s)
Body Size/physiology , Dogs/physiology , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Animals , FemaleABSTRACT
A semi-automated radioimmunoassay for plasma alphafetoprotein has been developed, suitable for routine clinical use. Several hundred samples can be assayed in a working week, with results available within 24 hours. The use of extensive quality controls ensures that good precision is maintained both within and between assays. The range of plasma concentrations of alphafetoprotein in the second half of pregnancy has been established in 100 normal subjects. The levels rise progressively to reach a peak at 32 weeks, and thereafter fall until term. No relationship between circulating alphafetoprotein levels and birth weight was observed.
Subject(s)
Fetal Proteins , Fetus , Pregnancy , alpha-Fetoproteins , Adult , Birth Weight , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Maternal Age , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Parity , Placental Function Tests , Pregnancy Trimester, Second , Pregnancy Trimester, Third , Radioimmunoassay/methods , alpha-Fetoproteins/analysisSubject(s)
Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Diazepam/therapeutic use , Eclampsia/drug therapy , Heterocyclic Compounds/therapeutic use , Pre-Eclampsia/drug therapy , Pyridazines/therapeutic use , Barbiturates/therapeutic use , Eclampsia/mortality , Female , Fetal Death , Humans , Hydrazines/therapeutic use , Infant Mortality , Labor, Induced , Maternal Mortality , Meperidine/therapeutic use , Pre-Eclampsia/mortality , Pregnancy , Promazine/therapeutic use , Promethazine/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Anencephaly/diagnosis , Prenatal Diagnosis , Amniotic Fluid/analysis , Female , Fetal Proteins/analysis , Humans , Pregnancy , RadioimmunoassaySubject(s)
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology , Antibodies/analysis , Asphyxia Neonatorum/mortality , Cerebral Hemorrhage/mortality , Child, Preschool , Female , Fetal Death/epidemiology , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/mortality , Pregnancy , Skin Tests , Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Toxoplasmosis is an infection, congenital or acquired, caused by Toxoplasma gondii. A pilot study using toxoplasmin skin antigen was undertaken to establish the incidence of the infection in the London area as a preliminary to a larger study of the effects of the infection upon pregnancy, the foetus, and the newborn infant.