A cell line derived from heart of rainbow trout is refractory to Tilapia lake virus.

Cell lines are important in vitro models to answer biological mechanisms with less genetic variations. The present study was attempted to develop a cell line from rainbow trout, where we obtained a cell line from the heart, named "RBT-H." The cell line was authenticated using karyotyping and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequencing. The karyotype demonstrated diploid chromosome number (2n) as 62 and the sequence of partial COI gene was 99.84% similar to rainbow trout COI data set, both suggesting the origin of RBT-H from the rainbow trout. The heart cell line was mycoplasma-free and found to be refractory to infection with the Tilapia lake virus. The RBT-H cell line is deposited in the National Repository of Fish Cell Line (NRFC) at ICAR-NBFGR, Lucknow, India, with Accession no. NRFC0075 for maintenance and distribution to researchers on request for R&D.

Extracellular vesicles in bacterial and fungal diseases - Pathogenesis to diagnostic biomarkers.

Intercellular communication among microbes plays an important role in disease exacerbation. Recent advances have described small vesicles, termed as "extracellular vesicles" (EVs), previously disregarded as "cellular dust" to be vital in the intracellular and intercellular communication in host-microbe interactions. These signals have been known to initiate host damage and transfer of a variety of cargo including proteins, lipid particles, DNA, mRNA, and miRNAs. Microbial EVs, referred to generally as "membrane vesicles" (MVs), play a key role in disease exacerbation suggesting their importance in pathogenicity. Host EVs help coordinate antimicrobial responses and prime the immune cells for pathogen attack. Hence EVs with their central role in microbe-host communication, may serve as important diagnostic biomarkers of microbial pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize current research regarding the roles of EVs as markers of microbial pathogenesis with specific focus on their interaction with host immune defence and their potential as diagnostic biomarkers in disease conditions.

Comparative evaluation of dermatoglyphic patterns between skeletal class I and skeletal class III malocclusion.

Background: Dermatoglyphics is the study of various dermal configurations on the fingers, palms, and soles. These appear during the 12th week of intrauterine life and develop completely by the 24th week. It is said that they remain constant thereafter. The aim of the present study was to compare and assess the association of dermatoglyphic patterns between skeletal class I and skeletal class III malocclusion. Methods: Finger and palm prints were collected using the ink and roller method from 604 subjects who were divided into skeletal class I, class III with maxillary retrognathism and class III with mandibular prognathism based on lateral cephalogram assessment. Results: Loop pattern was more predominant in skeletal class I malocclusion subjects and whorl pattern was more frequent in the other two groups. Total finger ridge count and atd angle also showed significant difference between the study groups. Conclusions: The present study attempted in assessing the association between dermatoglyphic patterns and skeletal malocclusion. Analysing dermal configurations may aid in indicating the type of developing malocclusion and thus help in interceptive and preventive orthodontics.

Consensus Statement on Neurorehabilitation during COVID-19 Times: Expert Group on Behalf of the Indian Federation of Neurorehabilitation (IFNR).

The COVID19 pandemic in India is causing significant morbidity and disruptions of healthcare delivery. The rapidly escalating contagion is straining our public health system, which is already under pressure due to a shortage of infrastructure and inadequate workforce. Neuro rehabilitation services that are still in its infancy in our country have been significantly interrupted in the last six months. An expert group from Indian Federation of Neurorehabilitation (IFNR) have formulated the guidelines and consensus recommendations for Neurologists, Physiatrists, and Therapists managing neurological disabilities during COVID 19. The aim of this consensus paper is to sensitize the clinicians and therapists about maintaining the continuum of care and rehabilitation needs of Covid patients as well as non Covid patients with neurological disorders during the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic.

Effect of Surface Pretreatment and Thermal Activation of Silane Coupling Agent on Bond Strength of Fiber Posts to Resin Cement.

INTRODUCTION: For the restoration of grossly decayed root canal treated teeth, posts are used frequently to retain core for the definitive restoration. Therefore, it is necessary to create adequate adhesion at the post-root-cement interface for long-term performance of a post retained restoration. AIM: To establish the outcome of surface pretreatments such as silanization, sandblasting, and silanization followed by thermal activation of fiber posts on bonding with a dual-cured adhesive resin-based cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty radiopaque, No #2 glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin posts (Hi-Rem Posts, Overfibers, Switzerland), posts were wiped with alcohol (surgical spirit, 90% alcohol) for 5 seconds in a single stroke. A cylindrical plastic cap of diameter 10 mm and length of 15 mm, which is closed on one side, was selected. This was duplicated to form molds and fiber posts embedded perpendicularly in the polyester resin, and samples were made. Samples were randomly distributed into four groups based on the pretreatment done and each group contains 20 samples, group I-(control), group II-(silanization), group III-(sandblasting), and group IV-(thermal treatment of silane). After surface treatment, exposed post surface was uniformly coated with dual-cured resin cement. Cement was cured for 40 seconds with a halogen lamp. The samples are subjected to load in a universal testing machine (UTM) at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/minutes to evaluate the bonding failure at the interface. RESULTS: Group IV resulted in the highest bond strength values followed by group III. Group II showed a comparatively higher value than group I but less than groups III and IV. CONCLUSION: Surface treatment procedure, on fiber post by silanization and sandblasting significantly improved adhesion between post and luting cement interface. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The surface pretreatment, such as sandblasting, silanization, thermal activation of silane coupling agents significantly improved, the retention of the post within in the root canal system. How to cite this article: Archana CH, Raju SMK, Yadhav SS, et al. Effect of Surface Pretreatment and Thermal Activation of Silane Coupling Agent on Bond Strength of Fiber Posts to Resin Cement. J Contemp Dent Pract 2019;20(11):1293-1296.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of male breast lesions - a retrospective study over a six year period.

BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has a well-established role in the management of palpable breast lumps. However breast masses in males are rarely aspirated and hence there is limited cytopathologic experience. The aim of our study was to determine the efficacy of FNAC in the diagnosis of male breast lesions and also we attempted to describe the cytomorphological features of some of these lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on male breast FNAC done between 2008 to 2013 were retrieved from the records of the cytopathology laboratory. FNAC diagnosis were categorized as benign, malignant, suspicious for malignancy and inadequate or unsatisfactory. Cytohistologic correlation was done with data from histopathology records. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were calculated using standard statistical methods. RESULTS: Forty out of 1098 patients undergoing breast FNAC were males. Histopathology was available in 8 (20%) out of 40 cases. There were no false positive or false negative diagnoses. FNAC had a sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 100% for male breast lesions. CONCLUSION: FNAC is a very accurate tool for the diagnosis of male breast lesions. It is highly sensitive and specific with good cytohistologic correlation. To reduce the high rate of surgical biopsies of benign male breast masses, we conclude that FNAC should be performed as a standard procedure in the clinical evaluation of male breast lesions.

Revascularization of immature mandibular premolar with pulpal necrosis - a case report.

This case report describes the Revascularization of a Permanent Immature Mandibular Premolar with Pulp Necrosis and apical periodontitis. Access opening was done & the canal was disinfected with copious irrigation using 2.5% NaOCl and triple antibiotic paste (Ciprofloxacin, Metronidazole, and Minocycline) as intracanal medicament. After the disinfection protocol is complete, it is followed by revascularization procedure. The apex was mechanically irritated to initiate bleeding into the canal to produce a blood clot to the level just below the level of cementoenamel junction. Mineral trioxide aggregate was placed over the blood clot followed by bonded resin restoration above it. After one year follow up; the patient was asymptomatic, no sinus tract was evident. Apical periodontitis was resolved, and there was radiographic evidence of continuing thickness of dentinal walls.

Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in keratocystic odontogenic tumour and variants of ameloblastoma - a comparative study.

INTRODUCTION: The odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a histopathologiocally and behaviourally unique and specific entity. It is the most aggressive and recurrent of all the cysts and shows characteristics resembling both cyst and a tumour. The unique nature of OKC and the recent shift of OKC as a tumour made us evaluate yet another factor, Inducible nitric oxide synthase an (iNos) enzyme which has been implicated in the tumourigenesis of various neoplasms. Aims and Objects: The objective of the study was to analyse and compare the immunohistochemical expression of iNOS in odontogenic keratocysts (OKC's) in variants of ameloblastoma affecting the oral cavity, to determine the neoplastic potential of OKC and to reinforce the classification of OKC as keratocystic odontogenic tumour. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty two specimens, eight specimens each in OKC, follicular ameloblastoma, plexiform ameloblastoma and unicystic ameloblastoma, taken from the Oral Pathology Department were randomly selected for this study and were evaluated for epithelial expression of iNOS by immunohistochemistry Results: Epithelial immunoreactivity to iNOS was strongly positive in 93.5% of follicular ameloblastomas, 68.7% of plexiform ameloblastomas, 66.9% of odontogenic keratocysts and 66.2% of unicystic ameloblastomas. CONCLUSION: iNOS may be an important marker involved in the biological behaviour of OKC. Furthermore the presence of increased expression of iNOS in Follicular ameloblastomas followed by Plexiform ameloblastomas, OKCs and Unicystic ameloblastomas is yet another evidence to support that OKC could be considered as a neoplasm.

Achievements and prospects of genomics-assisted breeding in three legume crops of the semi-arid tropics.

Advances in next-generation sequencing and genotyping technologies have enabled generation of large-scale genomic resources such as molecular markers, transcript reads and BAC-end sequences (BESs) in chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut, three major legume crops of the semi-arid tropics. Comprehensive transcriptome assemblies and genome sequences have either been developed or underway in these crops. Based on these resources, dense genetic maps, QTL maps as well as physical maps for these legume species have also been developed. As a result, these crops have graduated from 'orphan' or 'less-studied' crops to 'genomic resources rich' crops. This article summarizes the above-mentioned advances in genomics and genomics-assisted breeding applications in the form of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for hybrid purity assessment in pigeonpea; marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) for introgressing QTL region for drought-tolerance related traits, Fusarium wilt (FW) resistance and Ascochyta blight (AB) resistance in chickpea; late leaf spot (LLS), leaf rust and nematode resistance in groundnut. We critically present the case of use of other modern breeding approaches like marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS) and genomic selection (GS) to utilize the full potential of genomics-assisted breeding for developing superior cultivars with enhanced tolerance to various environmental stresses. In addition, this article recommends the use of advanced-backcross (AB-backcross) breeding and development of specialized populations such as multi-parents advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) for creating new variations that will help in developing superior lines with broadened genetic base. In summary, we propose the use of integrated genomics and breeding approach in these legume crops to enhance crop productivity in marginal environments ensuring food security in developing countries.

Advances in genetics and molecular breeding of three legume crops of semi-arid tropics using next-generation sequencing and high-throughput genotyping technologies.

Molecular markers are the most powerful genomic tools to increase the efficiency and precision of breeding practices for crop improvement. Progress in the development of genomic resources in the leading legume crops of the semi-arid tropics (SAT), namely, chickpea (Cicer arietinum), pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), as compared to other crop species like cereals, has been very slow. With the advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) and high-throughput (HTP) genotyping methods, there is a shift in development of genomic resources including molecular markers in these crops. For instance, 2,000 to 3,000 novel simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers have been developed each for chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut. Based on Sanger, 454/FLX and Illumina transcript reads, transcriptome assemblies have been developed for chickpea (44,845 transcript assembly contigs, or TACs) and pigeonpea (21,434 TACs). Illumina sequencing of some parental genotypes of mapping populations has resulted in the development of 120 million reads for chickpea and 128.9 million reads for pigeonpea. Alignment of these Illumina reads with respective transcriptome assemblies have provided more than 10,000 SNPs each in chickpea and pigeonpea. A variety of SNP genotyping platforms including GoldenGate, VeraCode and Competitive Allele Specific PCR (KASPar) assays have been developed in chickpea and pigeonpea. By using above resources, the first-generation or comprehensive genetic maps have been developed in the three legume speciesmentioned above. Analysis of phenotyping data together with genotyping data has provided candidate markers for drought-tolerance-related root traits in chickpea, resistance to foliar diseases in groundnut and sterility mosaic disease (SMD) and fertility restoration in pigeonpea. Together with these traitassociated markers along with those already available, molecular breeding programmes have been initiated for enhancing drought tolerance, resistance to fusarium wilt and ascochyta blight in chickpea and resistance to foliar diseases in groundnut. These trait-associated robust markers along with other genomic resources including genetic maps and genomic resources will certainly accelerate crop improvement programmes in the SAT legumes.

Pyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine-5,7(1H,6H)-dione derivatives: their cytoprotection effect from rotenone toxicity and preliminary DMPK properties.

Pyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine-5,7(1H,6H)-dione derivatives exhibited potent cytoprotective effect from rotenone toxicity. Lead optimization focused on the CC50/EC50 ratio and DMPK properties led to the overall improvement of the compound profile of this series with high CC50/EC50 ratio (92 for 1f), good metabolic stability in rat microsomes and medium to high aqueous solubility.

Identification of quantitative trait loci for agronomically important traits and their association with genic-microsatellite markers in sorghum.

The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting agronomically important traits enable to understand their underlying genetic mechanisms and genetic basis of their complex interactions. The aim of the present study was to detect QTLs for 12 agronomic traits related to staygreen, plant early development, grain yield and its components, and some growth characters by analyzing replicated phenotypic datasets from three crop seasons, using the population of 168 F(7) RILs of the cross 296B x IS18551. In addition, we report mapping of a subset of genic-microsatellite markers. A linkage map was constructed with 152 marker loci comprising 149 microsatellites (100 genomic- and 49 genic-microsatellites) and three morphological markers. QTL analysis was performed by using MQM approach. Forty-nine QTLs were detected, across environments or in individual environments, with 1-9 QTLs for each trait. Individual QTL accounted for 5.2-50.4% of phenotypic variance. Several genomic regions affected multiple traits, suggesting the phenomenon of pleiotropy or tight linkage. Stable QTLs were identified for studied traits across different environments, and genetic backgrounds by comparing the QTLs in the study with previously reported QTLs in sorghum. Of the 49 mapped genic-markers, 18 were detected associating either closely or exactly as the QTL positions of agronomic traits. EST marker Dsenhsbm19, coding for a key regulator (EIL-1) of ethylene biosynthesis, was identified co-located with the QTLs for plant early development and staygreen trait, a probable candidate gene for these traits. Similarly, such exact co-locations between EST markers and QTLs were observed in four other instances. Collectively, the QTLs/markers identified in the study are likely candidates for improving the sorghum performance through MAS and map-based gene isolations.

Water quality evaluation through application of chemometrics for Godavari river at Rajahmundry.

The main aim of this work is focused on water quality assessment of the Godavari river at Rajahmundry and evaluation of pollution data obtained by monitoring during the period August 2003-July 2006. The study presents the application of selected chemometric techniques to the pollution monitoring data set, namely, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, discriminate analysis and factorial analysis. The obtained results allowed determining natural clusters and groups of monitoring locations with similar pollution character and identifying important discriminate variables. On the basis of the chemometric approach, it was found that some locations were under high influence of municipal contamination and industrial effluents, and some other under the influence of agriculture.

Root Canal Treatment Using Thermoplasticized Carrier Condensation Technique.

BACKGROUND: The management of pulpally and apically infected teeth has evolved into a modality of conservation with predictable degree of success. Root canal treatment often requires protracted chairside time. A new technique involving placement of thermoplasticized core carrier obturators was compared with conventional lateral condensation technique. METHODS: A prospective, comparative, in-vivo cohort study was carried out on randomly selected 100 patients visiting a tertiary care centre from July 2005 to July 2007, for primary, non-surgical conservative management of teeth requiring root canal treatment. Two groups of fifty cases each were managed with lateral condensation and thermoplasticized core carrier obturation techniques. Outcome variables were rate of obturation and failure rates as assessed by clinical and radiological evaluation. RESULT: The time taken in case of lateral condensation of maxillary central incisor was 17.30 ± 3.373 minutes and 28.07 ± 2.586 minutes in case of mandibular molar. In the thermoplasticized carrier condensation technique, for the central incisors it took 13.00 ± 1.376 minutes and 21.07 ± 2.463 minutes for mandibular molars. The mean rank value for time taken for obturation as per Mann Whitney U test (p < 0.01) were 27.88 for maxillary incisor and 44.73 for mandibular molar in the lateral condensation technique and 13.13 and 16.27 respectively for thermoplasticized gutta percha carrier condensation. The values were statistically significant. With 16% and 14% cases having unsatisfactory filling as evaluated by post filling radiograph, Chi square test two tailed p value was 0.6836 and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. An absolute failure rate of 10% was seen in lateral condensation group and 6% in thermo-plasticized carrier condensation group. Fisher exact 2-tailed p value was 0.71 and the difference in failure rate was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Root canal obturation by thermoplasticized core carrier condensation technique is an effective alternative to conventional lateral condensation technique in terms of quick and successful outcome.

Intracranial epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.

INTRODUCTION: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is an uncommon soft-tissue vascular neoplasm. Although a well-defined entity outside the neuraxis, its intracranial occurrence is rare. Literature review revealed 35 reported cases till date. CASE REPORT: The authors report a case of intracranial EHE in a 15-year-old girl, who presented with a short history and unusual radiology. Following radical removal, the lesion recurred within 1 month and progressed to terminal stages. This tumor is thought to have an indolent intermediate malignancy potential and such rapid progression has not been reported so far.

DNA binding potential and cytotoxicity of newly designed pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers linked through a piperazine side-armed-alkane spacer.

New pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimers have been developed that are composed of two DC-81 subunits tethered to their C8 positions through piperazine moiety side-armed with alkaneoxy linkers (composed of 2-5 carbons). DNA thermal denaturation studies show that after 18h of incubation with calf thymus DNA at a 1:5 ligand/DNA ratio, one of them, 6a, increases the DeltaT(m) value by 24.0 degrees C. Thus, incorporation of a piperazine moiety instead of an inert alkanedioxy linker alone significantly enhances the DNA binding ability, and the analogous dimer 4 that lacks a piperazine moiety in the linker spacer elevates melting by only 15.1 degrees C under identical experimental conditions. This illustrates the effect of introducing a piperazine ring in the middle of such an alkanedioxy linker which produces several hydrophobic interactions and could also achieve a superior isohelical fit within the DNA minor groove. Interestingly, these dimers 6a-d are significantly more cytotoxic than 4 in a number of human cancer cell lines, in particular, compound 6c is highly potent for almost all the nine human cancer cell lines.

Synthesis and DNA-binding ability of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-azepane conjugates.

A series of pyrrolobenzodiazepine-azepane conjugates linked through different alkane spacers have been prepared and their DNA thermal denaturation studies have been carried out. One of the compound (4b), elevates the DNA helix melting temperature of the CT-DNA by 2.0 degrees C after incubation for 36 h at 37 degrees C.

Control of aldehyde emissions in the diesel engines with alcoholic fuels.

The major pollutants emitted from compression ignition (CI) engine with diesel as fuel are smoke and nitrogen oxides (NOx). When the diesel engine is run with alternate fuels, there is need to check alcohols (methanol or ethanol) and aldehydes also. Alcohols cannot be used directly in diesel engine and hence engine modification is essential as alcohols have low cetane number and high latent hear of vaporization. Hence, for use of alcohol in diesel engine, it needs hot combustion chamber, which is provided by low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine with an air gap insulated piston with superni crown and air gap insulated liner with superni insert. In the present study, the pollution levels of aldehydes are reported with the use of methanol and ethanol as alternate fuels in LHR diesel engine with varying injection pressure, injection timings with different percentage of alcohol induction. The aldehydes (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) in the exhaust were estimated by wet chemical technique with high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Aldehyde emissions increased with an increase in alcohol induction. The LHR engine showed a decrease in aldehyde emissions when compared to conventional engine. However, the variation of injection pressure showed a marginal effect in reducing aldehydes, while advancing the injection timing reduced aldehyde emissions.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 4beta-anilino- and 4beta-imido-substituted podophyllotoxin congeners.

A series of C-4-anilino- and C-4-imido-substituted new podophyllotoxin congeners have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their cytotoxicity and DNA topoisomerase-II (topo-II) inhibition potential. Some of these compounds have exhibited promising in vitro anticancer and topo-II inhibition activity.