ABSTRACT
Side impact crashes are one of the most dangerous impact scenarios that a child can suffer. Studies by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) have shown that the head and Thorax regions are affected severely. The objective of this work is to perform a numerical evaluation of the oblique pole-side test considering the FMVSS 214-P standard to estimate the Head, Neck, and Thorax injuries for a six-year-old child positioned in the rear seat without any Child Restraint System, two configurations were performed for the oblique pole-side impact: a nearside and a far-side positioning configuration. A six-year-old Human Body Model (HBM) denominated Scalable PIPER Child Model, and the Ford Explorer 2003 were used to perform the test in the LS DYNA® software to assess the biomechanics involved in the crash scenarios. The approach considered a comparative case study with the baseline of the six-year-old child PIPER model to ensure that the positioning adjustment has not affected the mesh quality and interior components for the PIPER child model. The outcomes obtained in case 1 show that the modified PIPER child model has slight outcomes at the shoulder and pelvis zone due to the differences in the body positioning and not by the mesh or the interior interaction between the components. The outcomes obtained in case 2 reflect that the nearside setup obtained the higher measurements for the child occupant. The A c 3 m s for Head at nearside test to overcome the Side Criteria established by the Assessment Protocol Child Occupant Protection by Euro NCAP, the kinematics behavior demonstrates the importance of researching children in side crashes to enhance child security, especially in the oblique pole side impact.
ABSTRACT
La labor manufacturera industrial, en particular el uso de tecnología en máquinas como Finger-Joint y Serruchos Trozadores, constituyen factores importantes para la productividad y competitividad de las empresas del sector industrial maderero; por tal motivo, se ha considerado necesario efectuar el presente diagnóstico a las condiciones de trabajo y a las posturas de sus operadores. El objetivo principal es detectar las necesidades de mejoras, para poner a disposición de una empresa maderera un programa aplicable en términos ergonómicos con alternativas para optimizar los recursos disponibles. Se ratifica en el presente estudio que las empresas del rubro deben aplicar programas integrales y humanizar el trabajo, adoptando la Ergonomía como herramienta precisa. Para asegurar la eficiencia operativa de los ambientes de trabajo estudiados, se recomiendan entre las medidas más importantes: determinar la rotación de puestos de trabajo, implementar ejercicios compensatorios, mejorar factores coadyuvantes que exacerban síntomas de fatiga muscular y dolor como es el ruido, capacitación para el autocuidado, mejorar condiciones físicas para evitar accidentes laborales y promover el reconocimiento a los trabajadores por el trabajo bien efectuado.