Enzalutamide and abiraterone in the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated previously with chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: The evaluation of treatment outcomes and toxicity in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated by enzalutamide or abiraterone after previous docetaxel. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed 66 patients with mCRPC treated by enzalutamide (55 patients) or abiraterone (11 patients) after previous therapy with docetaxel. The median follow-up was 31.2 months. Enzalutamide and abiraterone were administered in daily doses of 160 mg and 1,000 mg per day, respectively. The progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The prognostic influence of the factors on OS was evaluated by regression analysis. RESULTS: The progression was observed in 55 (83%) patients, and mPFS was 12.1 (95% CI 7.7-16.4) months. In total, 43 patients died, and he median OS was 21.9 (95% CI 12.2-31.7) months. In the regression analysis, we observed statistical favorable influence of the following factors on OS: PSA decrease ≥ 50%, in patients with early decrease of prostatic specific antigen (PSA) ≥ 50% in 3 months after initiation of enzalutamide or abiraterone treatment, in patients with visceral metastatic sites, in patients treated with only one regimen of previous chemotherapy and in those without anemia. We observed the toxicity grades 3-4 in 45.5% and 36.3% patients treated with enzalutamide and abiraterone, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our analysis demonstrated efficacy and good tolerance in patients with mCRPC treated with enzalutamide and abiraterone after previous docetaxel therapy.

Cabozantinib in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma - final data analysis from four oncology centers in the Czech Republic.

BACKGROUND: Current standard treatments for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) involve tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that inhibit angiogenesis. Cabozantinib is a multi TKI used for the treatment of mRCC in the first- and second-line setting. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was the final analysis of treatment outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with cabozantinib after previous targeted therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 54 patients with mRCC from four oncology centers in the Czech Republic were evaluated retrospectively; the median follow-up was 18.5 months. Cabozantinib was administered in a dose of 60mg/day, a subset of patients received an initial dose of 40mg/day. The treatment was administered until the progression. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We performed a multivariate analysis of risk factors for treatment outcomes (PFS, OS) by regression analysis. All statistics were evaluated at the significance level α = 0.05. RESULTS: The median PFS in all patients was 9.3 months (95% CI 7.2 - 11.4). The median OS in all patients was 21.9 months (95% CI 15.5 - 28.4). The median PFS in patients with bone metastases was not statistically significantly different compared with patients without bone metastases (9.3 vs 8.7 months, P = 0.53). The median OS in patients with bone metastases was statistically significantly shorter compared with patients without bone metastases (17.7 vs 26.8 months, P = 0.021). A treatment response was observed in 40.7 % of cases, including one complete remission. The regression analysis demonstrated a significant effect on OS in patients with the presence of subsequent treatment (P = 0.001), patients with treatment duration of first line therapy 6 months (P = 0.019) and 12 months (P = 0.003) and in patients without bone metastases (P = 0.021). CONCLUSION: Our final analysis of patients with mRCC treated with cabozantinib after previous targeted therapy confirmed its effectiveness.

Intradetrusor versus suburothelial onabotulinumtoxinA injections for neurogenic detrusor overactivity: a pilot study.

STUDY DESIGN: This was a multicentre, prospective, randomised study. OBJECTIVES: To compare the outcomes of intradetrusor and suburothelial onabotulinumtoxinA injections in patients with spinal cord injury and refractory neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). SETTING: Urology departments of two tertiary hospitals in the Czech Republic. METHODS: A total of 32 spinal cord injury patients with severe NDO refractory to the standard anticholinergic treatment were randomised to receive either intradetrusor or suburothelial 300 IU onabotulinumtoxinA injections. Subjective satisfaction, bladder diary data and urodynamic data were compared in both groups before treatment and at 3 months post treatment. RESULTS: In all, 64.3% patients in the intradetrusor group and 88.8% patients in the suburothelial group were subjectively satisfied with the treatment. There was a significant post-treatment improvement in both groups regarding the number of catheterisations over 24 h, number of incontinence episodes over 24 h, catheterised volume, cystometric capacity, volume at first involuntary detrusor contraction, maximal detrusor pressure during filling and detrusor compliance. No significant differences between the groups were observed, with the exception of improvement of detrusor compliance, which was better in the intradetrusor group. There was one adverse effect comprising transient muscle weakness that was reported by one patient in the intradetrusor group. CONCLUSION: Results in both groups were comparable. The authors favour suburothelial onabotulinumtoxinA injection because this method allows more precise toxin localisation.

X-ray findings on the testicular artery in varicocele.

X-ray findings on the internal testicular artery following abdominal aortography are described. A group of 32 patients with left-sided varicocele were examined. The course of internal testicular artery was visualized in 27 patients. In 5 sterile patients prolonged filling of the left internal testicular artery up to the venous phase of the abdominal aortography has been observed. The non-physiological courses of the artery are described.