Effects of caffeine supplementation on physical performance and mood dimensions in elite and trained-recreational athletes.

BACKGROUND: Caffeine supplementation (CAFF) has an established ergogenic effect on physical performance and the psychological response to exercise. However, few studies have compared the response to CAFF intake among athletes of different competition level. This study compares the acute effects of CAFF on anaerobic performance, mood and perceived effort in elite and moderately-trained recreational athletes. METHODS: Participants for this randomized, controlled, crossover study were 8 elite athletes (in the senior boxing national team) and 10 trained-recreational athletes. Under two experimental conditions, CAFF supplementation (6 mg/kg) or placebo (PLAC), the athletes completed a Wingate test. Subjective exertion during the test was recorded as the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) both at the general level (RPEgeneral) and at the levels muscular (RPEmuscular) and cardiorespiratory (RPEcardio). Before the Wingate test, participants completed the questionnaires Profiles of Moods States (POMS) and Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS). RESULTS: In response to CAFF intake, improvements were noted in Wpeak (11.22 ± 0.65 vs 10.70 ± 0.84; p = 0.003; [Formula: see text] =0.44), Wavg (8.75 ± 0.55 vs 8.41 0.46; p = 0.001; [Formula: see text] =0.53) and time taken to reach Wpeak (7.56 ± 1.58 vs 9.11 ± 1.53; p <  0.001; [Formula: see text] =0.57) both in the elite and trained-recreational athletes. However, only the elite athletes showed significant increases in tension (+ 325%), vigor (+ 31%) and SVS (+ 28%) scores after the intake of CAFF compared to levels recorded under the condition PLAC (p <  0.05). Similarly, levels of vigor after consuming CAFF were significantly higher in the elite than the trained-recreational athletes (+ 5.8%). CONCLUSIONS: CAFF supplementation improved anaerobic performance in both the elite and recreational athletes. However, the ergogenic effect of CAFF on several mood dimensions and subjective vitality was greater in the elite athletes.

[Comparative study on the clinical-nutritional status of obese postmenopausal women on a weight loss programme based on prepared dishes]. / Estudio comparativo del estatus clínico-nutricional en mujeres obesas posmenopáusicas incluídas en un programa de pérdida de peso basado en platos preparados.

INTRODUCTION: Few studies have evaluated the efficacy and reliability of weight loss-focussed prepared food dishes in obese post-menopausal women. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of a weight loss programme based on a balanced hypocaloric diet using prepared dishes* with that of a similar programme based on standard commercially available foods and with a non-intervened control group. A further aim was to evaluate the subjectivity of participants in the preparation of the diet-adjusted dishes based on usually consumed products. SUBJECTS: Obese post-menopausal women aged between 55 and 65 years. DESIGN: Controlled longitudinal interventional study. METHOD: The sample of 75 female volunteers were divided into three groups of 25 women: a control group, who continued to consume their usual non-dietary adjusted meals (CG), an intervened group, treated with a diet adjusted to their individual requirements and based on standard commercially available food (SG), and another intervened group, treated with a similarly adjusted diet but based on prepared dishes (PG). Data were gathered on anthropometric variables, consumption habits and physical activity levels, and clinical-nutritional controls were conducted at the start and every two weeks to the end of the 8-week study in order to evaluate biochemical changes. RESULTS: The weight loss was slightly higher in the prepared-dishes group (PG) than in the standard food diet group (SG), but the difference was not statistically significant, whereas it was considerably higher in both groups than in the non-dietary adjusted control group (CG) and this difference was highly significant (losses of 7.60 kg in PG and 7.01 kg in SG versus 2.10 kg in CG (p < 0.01). However, the PG showed a significantly higher (p < 0.01) loss of fatty mass and abdominal circumference versus the SG women. CONCLUSION: More weight was lost by the two groups treated with a diet based on prepared dishes or usual food items in comparison to untreated controls, but the diet based on prepared dishes obtained more reliable and higher quality outcomes, achieving a positive change at fatty compartment level and in the abdominal circumference.

Estudio comparativo del estatus clínico-nutricional en mujeres obesas posmenopáusicas incluídas en un programa de pérdida de peso basado en platos preparados / Comparative study on the clinical-nutritional status of obese postmenopausal women on a weight loss programme based on prepared dishes

Introducción: Son escasos los estudios que hayan evaluado la eficacia y la fiabilidad de los platos de comidas preparadas enfocadas a la pérdida de peso en la mujer posmenopáusica obesa. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficiencia de un programa de pérdida de peso basado en una ingesta hipocalórica equilibrada, a partir de platos preparados comparando con otra basada en alimentos de consumo habitual en el mercado y con un grupo control no intervenido. En el presente estudio se pretende, además, valorar la subjetividad de la participante a la hora de preparar los platos ajustados a la dieta de restricción basada en productos de consumo habitual. Sujetos de estudio: mujeres posmenopáusicas obesas, con edad comprendida entre 55-65 años. Diseño del estudio: Estudio longitudinal de intervención y controlado. Metodología: La muestra de 75 mujeres voluntarias se divide en tres grupos de 25 mujeres; uno con alimentación habitual, sin dieta ajustada (GC), otro intervenido mediante tratamiento con una dieta ajustada a los requerimientos individuales, pero con productos de consumo habitual en mercado (GE) y un tercero intervenido con dieta ajustada del mismo modo al anterior, pero con platos preparados (GD). Se registraron datos antropométricos, hábitos de consumo y nivel de actividad física. También se realizaron controles clínico-nutricionales para evaluar cambios bioquímicos al inicio del estudio, cada 2 semanas y al final del estudio, durante 8 semanas. Resultados: El grupo basado en platos preparados GD muestra resultados de pérdida de peso ligeramente mayores, aunque no estadísticamente significativos, al grupo de dieta estándar GE, mostrando, sin embargo, ambos, descensos muy significativos respecto al grupo no ajustado GC (con una pérdida de 7,60 kg en GD, 7,01 kg en el grupo GE y 2,10 kg en GC). Sin embargo, éste grupo de mujeres alimentadas con dieta hipocalórica basada en platos preparados GD, presenta (p < 0,01) una mayor pérdida significativa, tanto de masa grasa como de perímetro abdominal. Conclusión: Las mujeres tratadas con dieta basada en platos preparados GD y las tratadas con dieta ajustada habitual GE presentan una mayor pérdida de peso, pero el grupo GD mostró unos resultados más fiables y de calidad, dado el cambio positivo encontrado a nivel de compartimento graso y en el perímetro abdominal de las participantes del grupo objeto del estudio (AU)

Introduction: Few studies have evaluated the efficacy and reliability of weight loss-focussed prepared food dishes in obese post-menopausal women. Objective: To compare the efficacy of a weight loss programme based on a balanced hypocaloric diet using prepared dishes with that of a similar programme based on standard commercially available foods and with a non-intervened control group. A further aim was to evaluate the subjectivity of participants in the preparation of the diet-adjusted dishes based on usually consumed products. Subjects: Obese post-menopausal women aged between 55 and 65 years. Design: Controlled longitudinal interventional study. Method: The sample of 75 female volunteers were divided into three groups of 25 women: a control group, who continued to consume their usual non-dietary adjusted meals (CG), an intervened group, treated with a diet adjusted to their individual requirements and based on standard commercially available food (SG), and another intervened group, treated with a similarly adjusted diet but based on prepared dishes (PG). Data were gathered on anthropometric variables, consumption habits and physical activity levels, and clinical-nutritional controls were conducted at the start and every two weeks to the end of the 8-week study in order to evaluate biochemical changes. Results: The weight loss was slightly higher in the prepared-dishes group (PG) than in the standard food diet group (SG), but the difference was not statistically significant, whereas it was considerably higher in both groups than in the non-dietary adjusted control group (CG) and this difference was highly significant (losses of 7.60 kg in PG and 7.01 kg in SG versus 2.10 kg in CG (p < 0.01). However, the PG showed a significantly higher (p < 0.01) loss of fatty mass and abdominal circumference versus the SG women. Conclusion: More weight was lost by the two groups treated with a diet based on prepared dishes or usual food items in comparison to untreated controls, but the diet based on prepared dishes obtained more reliable and higher quality outcomes, achieving a positive change at fatty compartment level and in the abdominal circumference (AU)

Prevalence of protein supplement use at gyms.

At the present time, the abuse of all class of sport nutritional supplements (NS) has extended the people who go regularly to gymnasiums. Between these substances there are the Protein Powder Supplements (PPS). The purpose of this study is to examine the consumption of PPS in 415 individuals from Seville fitness centers. All individuals were evaluated with anthropometric measurements and completed a questionnaire previously reviewed, evaluating the validity of the content, application, structure and presentation. 28% of the individuals were using or used PPS. Of the total, 42.7% of male individuals compared to 3.2% of the females. The use of PPS was higher than what has been reported in previous studies about supplement use in fitness center, 28% vs 10-14% aprox. The SPP use is associated with sex, age, and time of sport practiced. More than a 25% of the total individuals that attend a gym use PPS. The total individuals that attend a gym and use PPS far exceed the RDA of protein for general population and/or athletes, being able to cause problems of health.

Prevalence of protein supplement use at gyms Estudio estadístico del consumo de suplementos proteícos en gimnasios

At the present time, the abuse of all class of sport nutritional supplements (NS) has extended the people who go regularly to gymnasiums. Between these substances there are the Protein Powder Supplements (PPS). The purpose of this study is to examine the consumption of PPS in 415 individuals from Seville fitness centers. All individuals were evaluated with anthropometric measurements and completed a questionnaire previously reviewed, evaluating the validity of the content, application, structure and presentation. 28% of the individuals were using or used PPS. Of the total, 42.7% of male individuals compared to 3.2% of the females. The use of PPS was higher than what has been reported in previous studies about supple ment use in fitness center, 28% vs 10-14% aprox. The SPP use is associated with sex, age, and time of sport practiced. More than a 25% of the total individuals that attend a gym use PPS. The total individuals that attend a gym and use PPS far exceed the RDA of protein for general population and/or athletes, being able to cause problems of health (AU)

En la actualidad, el abuso de toda clase de suplementos nutricionales (SN) deportivos se ha extendido a las personas que acuden a gimnasios regularmente. Entre estas sustancias están los Suplementos Proteicos en Polvo (SPP). El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar el consumo de suplementos proteicos en un grupo de 415 usuarios de gimnasios sevillanos. Los usuarios fueron valorados antropométricamente y realizaron un cuestionario que previamente fue evaluado para conocer la validez del contenido, aplicación, estructura y presentación. El 28% de la muestra consumían o habían consumido SPP, resultando, el 42,7% del total de los hombres frente al 3,2% del total de las mujeres encuestadas. El porcentaje de consumo de SPP está por encima de los valores aportados por otros estudios que evalúan la suplementación en gimnasios, 28% vs 10-14% aprox. El consumo de SPP está asociado con el sexo, la edad y el tiempo de práctica deportiva. Más de una cuarta parte de las personas que acuden regularmente a un gimnasio consumen SPP. El total de los usuarios de un gimnasio que consumen SPP realizan un consumo diario de proteínas mucho mayor que el recomendado para la población normal y/o deportista, pudiendo ocasionar problemas de salud (AU)

Estudio nutricional de la dieta de alumnos de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte de Granada / Nutritional study of diet in a group of students from the Faculty of Physical Activities and Sports Sciences from the University of Granada (south of spain)

Objetivo: en el presente trabajo de investigación se ha evaluado el aporte de calorías y nutrientes a través del consumo de alimentos de cinco días representativos de la dieta habitual de un grupo de 42 alumnos de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y Deporte de Granada que realiza deporte de forma regular. Resultados: si se comparan los resultados con las necesidades de la población normal se observa que el consumo de hidratos de carbono fue inferior a las recomendaciones y la proporción de grasas así como la de ácidos grasos saturados fue superior. El porcentaje de proteínas fue elevado (16 por ciento) y cubría las necesidades de aminoácidos esenciales. La mayor parte de la población presentaba déficit de fibra, de vitamina E y de ácido fólico. Asimismo, las mujeres mostraban escasez de hierro. Si los datos se comparan con las recomendaciones para deportistas se observa que las dietas resultaron hipocalóricas; sólo el 9,5 por ciento de la muestra llega a las recomendaciones de hidratos de carbono y el 45,3 por ciento cubre las necesidades de proteínas para deportistas de resistencia. Únicamente un 14 por ciento llega a las recomendaciones establecidas para el magnesio y la mayor parte de la muestra presentaba déficit en tiamina, riboflavina y Vitamina E (AU)