ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the overall economic losses due to human and animal cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Spain in 2005. METHODS: We obtained data on annual CE incidence from surveillance and abattoir records, and on CE-related treatment and productivity losses (human and animal) from the scientific literature. Direct costs were those associated with diagnosis, surgical or chemotherapeutic treatment, medical care and hospitalization in humans, and condemnation of offal in livestock (sheep, goats, cattle and pigs). Indirect costs comprised human productivity losses and the reduction in growth, fecundity and milk production in livestock. The Latin hypercube method was used to represent the uncertainty surrounding the input parameters. FINDINGS: The overall economic loss attributable to CE in humans and animals in 2005 was estimated at 148 964 534 euros (euro) (95% credible interval, CI: 21 980 446-394 012 706). Human-associated losses were estimated at euro133 416 601 (95% CI: 6 658 738-379 273 434) and animal-associated losses at euro15 532 242 (95% CI: 13 447 378-17 789 491). CONCLUSION: CE is a neglected zoonosis that remains a human and animal health concern for Spain. More accurate data on CE prevalence in humans (particularly undiagnosed or asymptomatic cases) and better methods to estimate productivity losses in animals are needed. CE continues to affect certain areas of Spain, despite several control initiatives since 1986. Given the high economic burden of CE, additional funding is needed to reduce human and animal infection rates through improved disease surveillance, regular treatment of dogs and greater cooperation between agencies.
Subject(s)
Animal Diseases/economics , Animal Husbandry/economics , Animals, Domestic , Echinococcosis/economics , Echinococcosis/veterinary , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Anticestodal Agents/economics , Anticestodal Agents/therapeutic use , Cattle , Child , Child, Preschool , Cost of Illness , Echinococcosis/epidemiology , Female , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Econometric , Prevalence , Sex Distribution , Spain/epidemiology , Young AdultSubject(s)
Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Echinococcosis/epidemiology , Endemic Diseases/statistics & numerical data , Population Surveillance , Disease Notification/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Laboratories/statistics & numerical data , Mandatory Programs/legislation & jurisprudence , Mandatory Programs/statistics & numerical data , Motivation , Patient Discharge/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Program Evaluation , Reproducibility of Results , Spain/epidemiology , Voluntary Programs/legislation & jurisprudence , Voluntary Programs/statistics & numerical dataSubject(s)
Brucellosis, Bovine/epidemiology , Brucellosis/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Population Surveillance , Risk Assessment/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Brucellosis/veterinary , Cattle , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Fundamento: La aparición de un número elevado de casos de brucelosis entre los trabajadores de un matadero en Zaragoza, en el que se sacrificaba ganado ovino procedente de las campañas de saneamiento ganadero, hizo iniciar una investigación para esclarecer el origen del brote. Métodos: El estudio se estructuró en tres partes: 1) Descripción del brote; 2) Estudio de la estructura y actividad del matadero en cuanto al número de animales sacrificados, carga de trabajo del personal y riesgo por zona de trabajo y 3) Estudio de casos y controles no apareado. Resultados: No hubo diferencias significativas entre las tasas de ataque por secciones de trabajo. El análisis del sacrificio reveló una variación concomitante entre las curvas de sacrificio de ovino de saneamiento y la epidémica. El estudio de casos y controles no reveló diferencias significativas para los siguientes factores de riesgo: trabajo en zona de riesgo, uso de medidas de protección y realización de cortes y heridas. Conclusiones: El brote está relacionado con el sacrificio de ovino de saneamiento. El que no se observaran diferencias significativas por secciones o por trabajar en la zona de riesgo es compatible con una exposición generalizada. Tampoco se observaron diferencias entre los trabajadores respecto a la realización de cortes y heridas o el uso de medidas de protección, lo que da importancia a la transmisión aérea (AU)
No disponible