ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) features and to establish its differences compared to adult-onset SLE (aSLE) from a large national database. METHODS: Data from patients (≥4 ACR criteria) included in Spanish Society of Rheumatology Lupus Registry (RELESSER) were analysed. Sociodemographic, clinical, serological, activity, treatment, cumulative damage, comorbidities and severity data were collected. Patients with disease onset <18 years were described and compared to those with disease onset ≥18 years. RESULTS: We reviewed 3,428 aSLE patients (89.6% women) and 484 jSLE patients (89.8% girls), 93% Caucasian (both groups). Mean age at diagnosis was 38.1±14 and 16.6±6.3 years (p<0.001) and mean age at the end of follow-up was 48.8±14.3 and 31.5±30 years (p<0.001), respectively. jSLE showed significantly more clinical (including lymphadenopathy, fever, malar rash, mucosal ulcers, pericarditis, pleuritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, lupus nephritis, recurrent nephritis, histologic nephritis changes, thrombocytopenia, haemolytic anaemia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, seizures, lupus headache and organic brain syndrome) and immunological (a-dsDNA and a-Sm antibodies, hypocomplementaemia) involvement than did aSLE, except for secondary Sjögren's syndrome, a-Ro antibodies, fibromyalgia and osteoporosis. jSLE also showed more SLE family history, longer diagnosis delay, higher SLEDAI and Katz scores, but lower Charlson scores than aSLE. Several specific domains were more frequently involved in SLICC/ACR DI in jSLE. jSLE patients more frequently underwent all SLE-related treatment and procedures, as well as dialysis and kidney transplantations. CONCLUSIONS: jSLE shares many clinical and serological features with aSLE. However, jSLE patients typically manifested more activity, severity, cumulative damage in certain areas, than their aSLE counterparts.
Subject(s)
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Registries , Severity of Illness Index , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence of severe infection and investigate the associated factors and clinical impact in a large systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) retrospective cohort. METHODS: All patients in the Spanish Rheumatology Society Lupus Registry (RELESSER) who meet ≥4 ACR-97 SLE criteria were retrospectively investigated for severe infections. Patients with and without infections were compared in terms of SLE severity, damage, comorbidities, and demographic characteristics. A multivariable Cox regression model was built to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for the first infection. RESULTS: A total of 3658 SLE patients were included: 90% female, median age 32.9 years (DQ 9.7), and mean follow-up (months) 120.2 (±87.6). A total of 705 (19.3%) patients suffered ≥1 severe infection. Total severe infections recorded in these patients numbered 1227. The incidence rate was 29.2 (95% CI: 27.6-30.9) infections per 1000 patient years. Time from first infection to second infection was significantly shorter than time from diagnosis to first infection (p < 0.000). Although respiratory infections were the most common (35.5%), bloodstream infections were the most frequent cause of mortality by infection (42.0%). In the Cox regression analysis, the following were all associated with infection: age at diagnosis (HR = 1.016, 95% CI: 1.009-1.023), Latin-American (Amerindian-Mestizo) ethnicity (HR = 2.151, 95% CI: 1.539-3.005), corticosteroids (≥10mg/day) (HR = 1.271, 95% CI: 1.034-1.561), immunosuppressors (HR = 1.348, 95% CI: 1.079-1.684), hospitalization by SLE (HR = 2.567, 95% CI: 1.905-3.459), Katz severity index (HR = 1.160, 95% CI: 1.105-1.217), SLICC/ACR damage index (HR = 1.069, 95% CI: 1.031-1.108), and smoking (HR = 1.332, 95% CI: 1.121-1.583). Duration of antimalarial use (months) proved protective (HR = 0.998, 95% CI: 0.997-0.999). CONCLUSIONS: Severe infection constitutes a predictor of poor prognosis in SLE patients, is more common in Latin-Americans and is associated with age, previous infection, and smoking. Antimalarials exerted a protective effect.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Antimalarials/therapeutic use , Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Infections/epidemiology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology , Adult , Female , Humans , Incidence , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy , Male , Mycophenolic Acid , Proportional Hazards Models , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To identify patterns (clusters) of damage manifestations within a large cohort of SLE patients and evaluate the potential association of these clusters with a higher risk of mortality. METHODS: This is a multicentre, descriptive, cross-sectional study of a cohort of 3656 SLE patients from the Spanish Society of Rheumatology Lupus Registry. Organ damage was ascertained using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index. Using cluster analysis, groups of patients with similar patterns of damage manifestations were identified. Then, overall clusters were compared as well as the subgroup of patients within every cluster with disease duration shorter than 5 years. RESULTS: Three damage clusters were identified. Cluster 1 (80.6% of patients) presented a lower amount of individuals with damage (23.2 vs 100% in clusters 2 and 3, P < 0.001). Cluster 2 (11.4% of patients) was characterized by musculoskeletal damage in all patients. Cluster 3 (8.0% of patients) was the only group with cardiovascular damage, and this was present in all patients. The overall mortality rate of patients in clusters 2 and 3 was higher than that in cluster 1 (P < 0.001 for both comparisons) and in patients with disease duration shorter than 5 years as well. CONCLUSION: In a large cohort of SLE patients, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal damage manifestations were the two dominant forms of damage to sort patients into clinically meaningful clusters. Both in early and late stages of the disease, there was a significant association of these clusters with an increased risk of mortality. Physicians should pay special attention to the early prevention of damage in these two systems.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/mortality , Musculoskeletal Diseases/mortality , Severity of Illness Index , Adult , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Cluster Analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Musculoskeletal Diseases/etiology , Registries , Spain , Time FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of fibromyalgia (FM) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and to study its relationship to depression and other SLE-related factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional data analysis from the RELESSER-Transversal Spanish Registry, which includes SLE patients in a national multicentre retrospective charts review, was performed. INCLUSION CRITERIA: patients who fulfilled ≥4 ACR 1997 SLE criteria. Main variables were disease duration, depression, sociodemographics, comorbidities, SLE activity symptoms, serological findings, therapies and different disease status indices. Statistical analyses included a descriptive, associative and logistic regression analyses. A literature review was performed. RESULTS: 3,591 SLE patients were included, 90.1% women, 34.6 years of age at diagnosis (SD 14.6 years) and 93.1% Caucasians. FM prevalence was 6.2%. SLE patients with disease duration >5 years showed more FM than those with duration <5 years: 6.9% vs. 4.0%, respectively (p<0.05). SLE-FM patients showed higher prevalence of depression compared to non-FM-SLE patients: 53.1% vs. 14.6%, respectively (p<0.001). After adjusting by risk factors, the OR (CI) of suffering depression in FM-SLE patients was 6.779 (4.770-9.636), p<0.001. The OR of having secondary Sjögren's 2.447 (1.662-3.604), p<0.001, photosensitivity 2.184 (1.431-3.334), p<0.001, and oral ulcers 1.436 (1.005-2.051), p=0.047. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of FM in Caucasian SLE patients was high compared to the general population, and was significantly higher in those in later stages of disease. SLE patients with depression showed a strong risk of developing FM. Photosensitivity, oral ulcers and secondary Sjögren's were the only SLE-related factors associated with FM.
Subject(s)
Depression , Fibromyalgia , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Adult , Antibodies, Antinuclear/analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/etiology , Depression/physiopathology , Female , Fibromyalgia/diagnosis , Fibromyalgia/epidemiology , Fibromyalgia/etiology , Fibromyalgia/psychology , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Acuity , Prevalence , Registries/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic/diagnosis , Mesoderm/physiopathology , Hyperphosphatemia/diagnosis , Diphosphonates/therapeutic useABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Joint Instability/complications , Joint Instability/diagnosis , Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/complications , Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/diagnosis , Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/physiopathology , Comorbidity , Joint Instability/therapyABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic/diagnosis , Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic/drug therapy , Diphosphonates/therapeutic use , Diagnostic ImagingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to analyze the number and distribution of circulating monocytes, and of their CD14(+high)CD16(-), CD14(+high)CD16(+) and CD14(+low)CD16(+) subset cells, in treatment-naive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to determine their value in predicting the clinical response to methotrexate (MTX) treatment. METHODS: This prospective work investigated the number of circulating monocytes, and the numbers of CD14(+high)CD16(-), CD14(+high)CD16(+) and CD14(+low)CD16(+) subset cells, in 52 untreated patients with RA before MTX treatment, and at 3 and 6 months into treatment, using flow cytometry. RESULTS: The absolute number of circulating monocytes, and the numbers of CD14(+high)CD16(-), CD14(+high)CD16(+) and CD14(+low)CD16(+) subset cells, were significantly higher in MTX non-responders than in responders and healthy controls before starting and throughout treatment. Responders showed normal numbers of monocytes, and of their subset cells, over the study period. The pre-treatment absolute number of circulating monocytes, and the numbers of CD14(+high)CD16(-) and CD14(+high)CD16(+) subset cells, were found to be predictive of the clinical response to MTX, with a sensitivity and specificity of >70% and >88%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment-naive patients with RA showed an anomalous distribution of circulating monocyte subsets, and an anomalous number of cells in each subset. A higher pre-treatment number of circulating monocytes, and higher numbers of CD14(+high)CD16(-) and CD14(+high)CD16(+) subset cells, predict a reduced clinical response to MTX in untreated patients with RA.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology , Biomarkers/metabolism , Cell Movement , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Monocytes/metabolism , Antigens, CD/metabolism , CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 , Case-Control Studies , Cell Count , Demography , Female , Humans , Male , Methotrexate/pharmacology , Middle Aged , ROC Curve , Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple organ involvement and pronounced racial and ethnic heterogeneity. The aims of the present work were (1) to describe the cumulative clinical characteristics of those patients included in the Spanish Rheumatology Society SLE Registry (RELESSER), focusing on the differences between patients who fulfilled the 1997 ACR-SLE criteria versus those with less than 4 criteria (hereafter designated as incomplete SLE (iSLE)) and (2) to compare SLE patient characteristics with those documented in other multicentric SLE registries.RELESSER is a multicenter hospital-based registry, with a collection of data from a large, representative sample of adult patients with SLE (1997 ACR criteria) seen at Spanish rheumatology departments. The registry includes demographic data, comprehensive descriptions of clinical manifestations, as well as information about disease activity and severity, cumulative damage, comorbidities, treatments and mortality, using variables with highly standardized definitions.A total of 4.024 SLE patients (91% with ≥4 ACR criteria) were included. Ninety percent were women with a mean age at diagnosis of 35.4 years and a median duration of disease of 11.0 years. As expected, most SLE manifestations were more frequent in SLE patients than in iSLE ones and every one of the ACR criteria was also associated with SLE condition; this was particularly true of malar rash, oral ulcers and renal disorder. The analysis-adjusted by gender, age at diagnosis, and disease duration-revealed that higher disease activity, damage and SLE severity index are associated with SLE [OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.08-1.20 (Pâ<â0.001); 1.29; 95% CI: 1.15-1.44 (Pâ<â0.001); and 2.10; 95% CI: 1.83-2.42 (Pâ<â0.001), respectively]. These results support the hypothesis that iSLE behaves as a relative stable and mild disease. SLE patients from the RELESSER register do not appear to differ substantially from other Caucasian populations and although activity [median SELENA-SLEDA: 2 (IQ: 0-4)], damage [median SLICC/ACR/DI: 1 (IQ: 0-2)], and severity [median KATZ index: 2 (IQ: 1-3)] scores were low, 1 of every 4 deaths was due to SLE activity.RELESSER represents the largest European SLE registry established to date, providing comprehensive, reliable and updated information on SLE in the southern European population.
Subject(s)
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology , Registries , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) biological drugs has dramatically improved the prognosis of these patients. However, a third of the treated patients do not respond to this therapy. Thus, the search for biomarkers of clinical response to these agents is currently highly active. Our aim is to analyze the number and distribution of circulating monocytes, and of their CD14âºhighCD16â», CD14âºhighCD16⺠and CD14âºlowCD16+ subsets in methotrexate (MTX) non-responder patients with RA, and to determine their value in predicting the clinical response to adalimumab plus MTX treatment. METHODS: This prospective work investigated the number of circulating monocytes, and of their CD14âºhighCD16â», CD14âºhighCD16⺠and CD14âºlowCD16⺠subsets, in 35 MTX non-responder patients with RA before and after three and six months of anti-TNFα treatment using multiparametric flow cytometry. The number of circulating monocytes in an age- and sex-matched healthy population was monitored as a control. RESULTS: Non-responder patients with RA show an increased number of monocytes and of their CD14âºhighCD16â», CD14âºhighCD16⺠and CD14âºlowCD16⺠subsets after three months of adalimumab plus MTX treatment that remained significantly increased at six months. In contrast, significant normalization of the numbers of circulating monocytes was found in responders at three months of adalimumab plus MTX treatment that lasts up to six months. CX3CR1 expression is increased in monocytes in non-responders. At three months of anti-TNFα treatment the number of circulating monocytes and their subsets was associated with at least 80% sensitivity, 84% specificity and an 86% positive predictive value (PPV) in terms of discriminating between eventual early responders and non-responders. CONCLUSIONS: The absolute number of circulating monocytes and of their CD14âºhighCD16â», CD14âºhighCD16⺠and CD14âºlowCD16⺠subsets at three months of adalimumab plus MTX treatment, have a predictive value (with high specificity and sensitivity) in terms of the clinical response after six months of anti-TNFα treatment in patients with RA.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage , Antirheumatic Agents/administration & dosage , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Methotrexate/administration & dosage , Monocytes/drug effects , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors , Adalimumab , Adult , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Monocytes/metabolism , Prospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by high cardiovascular (CV) mortality, which seems related to systemic inflammation. Our aim was to quantify carotid atherosclerosis in RA and its relationship with the disease. PATIENTS AND METHOD: 73 RA patients and the same number of sex and age matched controls were enrolled, without history of cardiovascular events. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaques were measured by ultrasonography. Its relationship with risk factors (RF), rheumatic disease characteristics, and inflammatory markers were analysed. RESULTS: Controls showed higher body mass index (BMI) and dyslipidemia. There were no differences in other risk factors or IMT. Age (p = 0.001), sex (p = 0.02), BMI (p = 0.002), waist perimeter (p = 0.001), and hypertension (p = 0.005) had a relationship with IMT. Among disease characteristics, only time elapsed since RA diagnosis was associated with IMT. CONCLUSIONS: There was not an increased carotid subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with RA, beyond the effects of classical RF.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Carotid Artery Diseases/epidemiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , PrevalenceABSTRACT
El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmunitaria sistémica con enorme variedad de presentaciones clínicas y expresión de autoanticuerpos. Se ha descrito multitud de casos clínicos con afección de todos los órganos y sistemas de la economía como diana de esta enfermedad, tanto a su inicio como durante la evolución en cada paciente. Si bien lo más frecuente es que se inicie en personas entre la segunda y la tercera década de la vida, puede empezar a edades extremas, con algunas peculiaridades clínicas diferentes. En esta revisión se han escogido determinadas situaciones clínicas asociadas a LES, como el síndrome hemofagocítico, y determinados aspectos clínicos descritos por primera vez en la literatura en los últimos años, como el síndrome de encefalitis posterior reversible o PRES (AU)
The SLE is a systemic autoimmune disease that presents a tremendous variability regarding its clinical presentation and immunologic expression. This disease can affect any organ, both as clinical onset or during the course of the disease. People in their second and third decade are most frequently affected, but the illness can debut at any age, with some different clinical peculiarities. SLE-associated clinical situations like hemophagocytic syndrome and some recently published clinical aspects like posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome are reviewed here (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Autoimmune Diseases/complications , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/etiology , Encephalitis/etiology , Age of OnsetABSTRACT
Fundamento y objetivo: En la artritis reumatoide (AR) hay un aumento de la morbimortalidad cardiovascular. Nuestro objetivo fue cuantificar la arteriosclerosis subclínica carotídea en pacientes con AR y su relación con la enfermedad. Pacientes y método: En 73 pacientes con AR y 73 controles, emparejados por edad y sexo, sin enfermedad vascular, se midió el grosor íntima-media (GIM) carotídeo y la presencia de placas mediante ecografía. Se analizó su relación con los factores de riesgo vascular (FRV), las características de la enfermedad y los parámetros inflamatorios. Resultados: Los controles presentaban mayor índice de masa corporal (IMC) y dislipemia, sin diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en el resto de los FRV o en los valores del GIM. La edad (p = 0,001), el sexo (p = 0,02), el IMC (p = 0,002), el perímetro abdominal (p = 0,001) y la hipertensión arterial (p = 0,005) se relacionaron con el GIM. El tiempo desde el diagnóstico fue la única característica de la AR que se relacionó con el GIM. Conclusiones: No se ha encontrado un incremento de ateromatosis carotídea en pacientes con AR más allá del efecto atribuible a los FRV clásicos
Background and objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by high cardiovascular (CV) mortality, which seems related to systemic inflammation. Our aim was to quantify carotid atherosclerosis in RA and its relationship with the disease. Patients and method: 73 RA patients and the same number of sex and age matched controls were enrolled, without history of cardiovascular events. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaques were measured by ultrasonography. Its relationship with risk factors (RF), rheumatic disease characteristics, and inflammatory markers were analysed. Results: Controls showed higher body mass index (BMI) and dyslipidemia. There were no differences in other risk factors or IMT. Age (p = 0.001), sex (p = 0.02), BMI (p = 0.002), waist perimeter (p = 0.001), and hypertension (p = 0.005) had a relationship with IMT. Among disease characteristics, only time elapsed since RA diagnosis was associated with IMT. Conclusions: There was not an increased carotid subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with RA, beyond the effects of classical RF
Subject(s)
Humans , Carotid Artery Diseases , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Carotid Artery Diseases/epidemiology , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
The SLE is a systemic autoimmune disease that presents a tremendous variability regarding its clinical presentation and immunologic expression. This disease can affect any organ, both as clinical onset or during the course of the disease. People in their second and third decade are most frequently affected, but the illness can debut at any age, with some different clinical peculiarities. SLE-associated clinical situations like hemophagocytic syndrome and some recently published clinical aspects like posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome are reviewed here.