ABSTRACT
OBJETIVES: The main objective was to compare the persistence between dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) and bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir-alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) and to analyze reasons for discontinuation. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, non-interventional, descriptive, and longitudinal study. All human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients over 18â¯years treated with DTG/3TC or BIC/FTC/TAF in our center were included. Persistence after first year was compared using the χ2 test. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-eight patients were included. 99.5% versus 90.99% of patients were persistent after the first year for DTG/3TC and BIC/FTC/TAF respectively (p=.001). Persistence with DGT/3TC was 1237â¯days (IC95% 1216-1258) and persistence with BIC/FTC/TAF was 986â¯days [(IC95% 950-1021); p<.001]. The difference was remained after adjusting for covariates with the cox regression model [HR=8.2 (IC95% 1.03-64.9), p=.047]. The main reasons for discontinuation for BIC/FTC/TAF were toxicity/tolerability. CONCLUSION: In our study, patients have a high persistence. Patients on DTG/3TC treatment are more persistent compared to BIC/FTC/TAF, although BIC/FTC/TAF have worse baseline characteristics. The main reason for discontinuation of BIC/FTC/TAF is tolerability/toxicity.
Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents , Emtricitabine , HIV Infections , Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring , Lamivudine , Oxazines , Piperazines , Pyridones , Tenofovir , Humans , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Male , Pyridones/therapeutic use , Female , Lamivudine/therapeutic use , Piperazines/therapeutic use , Oxazines/therapeutic use , Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/therapeutic use , Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/adverse effects , Adult , Middle Aged , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Emtricitabine/therapeutic use , Tenofovir/therapeutic use , Alanine/therapeutic use , Alanine/analogs & derivatives , Longitudinal Studies , Drug Combinations , Amides/therapeutic use , Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/therapeutic use , Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/adverse effects , Adenine/analogs & derivatives , Adenine/therapeutic useABSTRACT
OBJETIVES: The main objective was to compare the persistence between dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) and bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir-alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) and to analyze reasons for discontinuation. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, non-interventional, descriptive and longitudinal study. All human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients over 18 years treated with DTG/3TC or BIC/FTC/TAF in our center were included. Persistence after first year was compared using the χ2 test. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-eight patients were included. 99.5% versus 90.99% of patients were persistent after the first year for DTG/3TC and BIC/FTC/TAF respectively (pâ¯=â¯0.001). Persistence with DGT/3TC was 1,237 days (IC95% 1,216-1,258) and persistence with BIC/FTC/TAF was 986 days ([IC95% 950-1,021]; pâ¯<â¯0.001). The difference was remained after adjusting for covariates with the cox regression model (HR= 8.2 [IC95% 1.03-64.9], pâ¯=â¯0.047). The main reasons for discontinuation for BIC/FTC/TAF were toxicity/tolerability. CONCLUSION: In our study patients had a high persistence. Patients on DTG/3TC treatment were more persistent compared to BIC/FTC/TAF, although BIC/FTC/TAF have worse baseline characteristics. The main reason for discontinuation of BIC/FTC/TAF was tolerability/toxicity.
Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents , HIV Infections , Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring , Lamivudine , Oxazines , Piperazines , Pyridones , Humans , Retrospective Studies , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Male , Female , Pyridones/therapeutic use , Lamivudine/therapeutic use , Oxazines/therapeutic use , Adult , Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/therapeutic use , Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/adverse effects , Piperazines/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Tenofovir/therapeutic use , Emtricitabine/therapeutic use , Longitudinal Studies , Alanine/therapeutic use , Alanine/analogs & derivatives , Amides/therapeutic use , Drug CombinationsABSTRACT
Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) have significantly enhanced their life expectancy. Consequently, age-associated comorbidities and related health conditions are increasingly found in PLWH complicating their clinical management. Objective: To determine the effect of the capacity-motivation-opportunity (CMO) structured pharmaceutical care intervention for improving clinical health-care results frequently associated to PLWH. Methods: Multicenter, prospective, pre-post intervention study evaluating the CMO pharmacist-led program in adult PLWH was conducted between September 2019 and September 2020 with six months of follow-up. The primary objective of this study was to determine differences in clinical outcomes (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, blood pressure and glycosylated hemoglobin) and variation in the patient's activation measure before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 61 patients were included, 72% were men with a median age of 53 years. After the implementation of the pharmacist-driven program, the percentage of patients with high levels of total cholesterol decreased significantly (18% to 4.9%; p < 0.001). Similarly, the prevalence of patients with high levels of triglycerides, HDL or with hypertension was significantly lower post intervention (13.1% to 6.6%, p < 0.001; 47.5% to 6.6%, p = 0.019 and 24% to 4%, p = 0.009, respectively). The number of patients who achieved the highest activation level increased from 69% to 77.6% (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The CMO program resulted in significantly better health outcomes during the six months following the pharmacist-led intervention as well as improved activation in PLWH.
ABSTRACT
PurposeSurvival in people living with HIV (PLWH) has increased and thus people are aging with HIV, increasing the frequency of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of polypharmacy among PLWH who were on antiretroviral treatment and were followed in an outpatient setting by the pharmacy department of several hospitals across Spain. In addition, we aimed to evaluate factors associated with polypharmacy and treatment complexity among this population.Material and methodsWe recorded information on demographic data, data on disease control including viral load and CD4 count at the time of inclusion, comorbidities, pharmacologic treatment and drugs interactions. Polypharmacy was defined as the use of 6 or more different drugs, including antiretroviral medication; major polypharmacy was defined as the use of ≥11 different drugs.ResultsOverall, 1225 PLWH were eligible in the study. The median (IQR) age was 49 (4054). Comorbidities were present in 819 (67%) PLWH and 571 (47%) had two or more comorbidities. Overall, 397 (32.4%, 95% CI 29.834.9) PLWH met the criteria for polypharmacy, and 67 (5.5%, 95% CI, 4.26.7) had major polypharmacy. Several factors were associated with polypharmacy such as type of antiretroviral treatment, presence of potential interactions, the use of several types of medications and the number of comorbidities. Treatment complexity was also a factor strongly associated with polypharmacy; for each point increase in the medication regimen complexity index (MRCI), the likelihood of polypharmacy increased 2.3-fold.ConclusionsPolypharmacy is frequent among PLWH in Spain and contributes to a relevant extent to treatment complexity.
ObjetivoLa supervivencia de las personas con infección por el VIH ha aumentado notablemente en los últimos años incrementado la edad de estos sujetos. Ello se asocia con una mayor presencia de multimorbilidad y polifarmacia. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la prevalencia de la polifarmacia en pacientes VIH+ con tratamiento antirretroviral activo seguidos en las consultas externas de los servicios de farmacia hospitalaria en toda España. Adicionalmente, analizar los factores asociados a polifarmacia y a la complejidad farmacoterapéutica en esta población.Material y métodosEstudio multicéntrico, transversal. Se recogieron variables demográficas, variables relacionadas con el control de la enfermedad como la carga viral y los linfocitos CD4, las comorbilidades, el tratamiento farmacológico completo del paciente y la presencia de interacciones. La polifarmacia se definió como el uso de al menos 6 fármacos incluyendo el TAR. Se definió polifarmacia mayor como la toma de más de 11 fármacos diferentes. Se midió la complejidad farmacoterapéutica por la escala de valoración Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI).ResultadosSe incluyeron 1.225 pacientes. La mediana (RIQ) de edad fue de 49 años (40-54). En total 819 (67,0%) pacientes presentaban al menos una comorbilidad en el momento del estudio, teniendo 2 o más comorbilidades, el 47,0% de los mismos. Un total de 397 (32,4%; IC 95%: 29,8-34,9) pacientes cumplieron los criterios de polifarmacia y 67 (5,5%; IC 95%: 4,2-6,7) los de polifarmacia mayor. Los factores asociados con la polifarmacia fueron: el tratamiento antirretroviral, la presencia de interacciones potenciales, el uso de diferentes tipos de fármacos y el número de comorbilidades. La complejidad farmacoterapéutica se asoció de forma importante con la presencia de polifarmacia, incrementándose su probabilidad de aparición entre 2 y 3 veces por cada incremento en un punto en su escala de valoración.Conclusión
Subject(s)
Humans , Health Sciences , Polypharmacy , HIV , Anti-HIV Agents , AIDS Serodiagnosis , Drug Therapy , Communicable DiseasesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Survival in people living with HIV (PLWH) has increased and thus people are aging with HIV, increasing the frequency of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of polypharmacy among PLWH who were on antiretroviral treatment and were followed in an outpatient setting by the pharmacy department of several hospitals across Spain. In addition, we aimed to evaluate factors associated with polypharmacy and treatment complexity among this population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We recorded information on demographic data, data on disease control including viral load and CD4 count at the time of inclusion, comorbidities, pharmacologic treatment and drugs interactions. Polypharmacy was defined as the use of 6 or more different drugs, including antiretroviral medication; major polypharmacy was defined as the use of ≥11 different drugs. RESULTS: Overall, 1225 PLWH were eligible in the study. The median (IQR) age was 49 (40-54). Comorbidities were present in 819 (67%) PLWH and 571 (47%) had two or more comorbidities. Overall, 397 (32.4%, 95% CI 29.8-34.9) PLWH met the criteria for polypharmacy, and 67 (5.5%, 95% CI, 4.2-6.7) had major polypharmacy. Several factors were associated with polypharmacy such as type of antiretroviral treatment, presence of potential interactions, the use of several types of medications and the number of comorbidities. Treatment complexity was also a factor strongly associated with polypharmacy; for each point increase in the medication regimen complexity index (MRCI), the likelihood of polypharmacy increased 2.3-fold. CONCLUSIONS: Polypharmacy is frequent among PLWH in Spain and contributes to a relevant extent to treatment complexity.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Polypharmacy , Cross-Sectional Studies , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Humans , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Monoclonal antibodies targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide have been introduced into the therapeutic arsenal of migraine prophylaxis. Clinical trials report similar efficacy between them, and there is no evidence of switching to another one after failure. We aim to describe our experience in switching from erenumab to galcanezumab after therapeutic failure. We retrospectively reviewed 30 migraine patients who received monoclonal antibodies, with 15 of them switched after failure to achieve reduction in migraine days per month ≥30%. A ≥30% reduction in migraine days per month compared to baseline was observed in 8/15 (4/15 ≥ 50%) patients after switch. Some nonresponsive patients may benefit from switching between monoclonal antibodies with different therapeutic targets.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal , Migraine Disorders , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/therapeutic use , Humans , Migraine Disorders/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Spain , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a pharmaceutical care intervention based on the CMO methodology (Capacity, Motivation and Opportunity) in improving primary adherence to concomitant treatment in HIV+ patients on antiretroviral treatment. METHOD: This was a longitudinal prospective multicenter study carried out between September 2019 and September 2020, which included HIV+ patients older than 18 years who were on antiretroviral treatment and were taking concomitant medications. Demographic, clinical, and pharmacotherapeutic variables were collected. As required by the CMO methodology, all patients were followed for 6 months and stratified into three levels of care. Individualized pharmaceutical care was provided according to the interventions established for each level. At every consultation, a motivational interview was conducted based on each patient's alignment with and achievement of their pharmacotherapeutic objectives. A website was developed to deal with the opportunity pillar. The main variable was the percentage of patients considered primary adherents to the prescribed concomitant medication. Adherence over the six months prior to the study was compared to adherence at the end of the study. Additionally, the percentage of patients considered secondary adherents to concomitant treatment and antiretroviral treatment during the 6 months prior to the start of the study was compared to the percentage of such patients at the end of the study. Adherence was measured based on dispensation records and specific validated questionnaires. Patients were only considered adherent if they were deemed adherent by both methods. RESULTS: A total of 61 patients were included in the study, 72% male. Median age was 53 years and the median number of concomitant drugs prescribed was 7. A total of 60.6% of patients were polymedicated. The percentage of patients considered primary non-adherent was 52.5% at baseline (n = 32) and 4.9% (n = 3, p < 0.001) at the end of the study. Secondary adherence to both concomitant medication (41.6% vs 88.3%) and antiretroviral treatment (85.2% vs 95.1%) improved at the end of the study (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Pharmaceutical care based on the CMO methodology significantly improved both primary and secondary dherence to concomitant drugs and to antiretroviral treatment.
Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de una intervención farmacéutica, basada en la metodología CMO (Capacidad, Motivación, portunidad), para mejorar la adherencia primaria al tratamiento concomitante en pacientes VIH+ en tratamiento antirretroviral.Método: Estudio longitudinal, prospectivo, multicéntrico, realizado entre septiembre de 2019 y septiembre de 2020. Se incluyeron pacientes VIH+ mayores de 18 años, en tratamiento antirretroviral y prescripción de fármacos concomitantes. Se recogieron variables demográficas, clínicas y farmacoterapéuticas. Se realizó atención farmacéutica durante 6 meses según el modelo CMO en cada paciente, basado en su nivel de estratificación y las intervenciones establecidas para cada umbral. En cada consulta se realizó una entrevista motivacional basada en el alcance de los objetivos farmacoterapéuticos para cada paciente. Para desarrollar el pilar de oportunidad se creó y desarrolló la web: www.proyecto-pricmo.com. La variable principal fue el porcentaje de pacientes considerados adherentes primarios a la medicación concomitante prescrita, comparando los 6 meses previos al estudio, frente al mismo valor al finalizar el estudio. Adicionalmente, se comparó el porcentaje de pacientes adherentes secundarios al tratamiento concomitante y al tratamiento antirretroviral durante los 6 meses previos al inicio del estudio frente al mismo valor en los pacientes al finalizar el estudio. Para medir la adherencia se consideraron dos métodos: registros y cuestionarios validados específicos. Solo se consideraron adherentes si lo fueron a ambos métodos.Resultados: Se incluyeron 61 pacientes. El 72,0% fueron hombres, con una mediana de edad de 53 años. La mediana de fármacos oncomitantes fue de 7. El 60,6% de los pacientes tenían presencia de polifarmacia. El porcentaje de pacientes considerados no adherentes primarios basalmente fue del 52,5% (n = 32), mientras que a la finalización fue del 4,9% (n = 3, p < 0,001). Tanto la adherencia secundaria a la medicación concomitante (41,6% versus 88,3%) como al tratamiento antirretroviral (85,2% versus 95,1%) mejoraron al finalizar el estudio (p < 0,001).Conclusiones: La intervención farmacéutica basada en la metodología CMO mejoró significativamente tanto la adherencia primaria como secundaria a la medicación concomitante y la secundaria al tratamiento antirretroviral.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Pharmaceutical Services , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Female , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Medication Adherence , Middle Aged , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de una intervención farmacéutica,basada en la metodología CMO (Capacidad, Motivación, Oportunidad), para mejorar la adherencia primaria al tratamiento concomitante enpacientes VIH+ en tratamiento antirretroviral.Método: Estudio longitudinal, prospectivo, multicéntrico, realizado entreseptiembre de 2019 y septiembre de 2020. Se incluyeron pacientesVIH+ mayores de 18 años, en tratamiento antirretroviral y prescripción defármacos concomitantes. Se recogieron variables demográficas, clínicasy farmacoterapéuticas. Se realizó atención farmacéutica durante 6 mesessegún el modelo CMO en cada paciente, basado en su nivel de estratificación y las intervenciones establecidas para cada umbral. En cadaconsulta se realizó una entrevista motivacional basada en el alcance de losobjetivos farmacoterapéuticos para cada paciente. Para desarrollar el pilarde oportunidad se creó y desarrolló la web: www.proyecto-pricmo.com. a variable principal fue el porcentaje de pacientes considerados adherentes primarios a la medicación concomitante prescrita, comparandolos 6 meses previos al estudio, frente al mismo valor al finalizar el estudio. Adicionalmente, se comparó el porcentaje de pacientes adherentessecundarios al tratamiento concomitante y al tratamiento antirretroviraldurante los 6 meses previos al inicio del estudio frente al mismo valor enlos pacientes al finalizar el estudio. Para medir la adherencia se consideraron dos métodos: registros y cuestionarios validados específicos. Solose consideraron adherentes si lo fueron a ambos métodos. (AU)
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a pharmaceutical careintervention based on the CMO methodology (Capacity, Motivation andOpportunity) in improving primary adherence to concomitant treatment inHIV+ patients on antiretroviral treatment.Method: This was a longitudinal prospective multicenter study carriedout between September 2019 and September 2020, which includedHIV+ patients older than 18 years who were on antiretroviral treatmentand were taking concomitant medications. Demographic, clinical, andpharmacotherapeutic variables were collected. As required by the CMOmethodology, all patients were followed for 6 months and stratified intothree levels of care. Individualized pharmaceutical care was providedaccording to the interventions established for each level. At every consultation, a motivational interview was conducted based on each patientsalignment with and achievement of their pharmacotherapeutic objectives. A website was developed to deal with the opportunity pillar. The mainvariable was the percentage of patients considered primary adherents tothe prescribed concomitant medication. Adherence over the six monthsprior to the study was compared to adherence at the end of the study.Additionally, the percentage of patients considered secondary adherentsto concomitant treatment and antiretroviral treatment during the 6 monthsprior to the start of the study was compared to the percentage of suchpatients at the end of the study. Adherence was measured based ondispensation records and specific validated questionnaires. Patients wereonly considered adherent if they were deemed adherent by both methods. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Treatment Adherence and Compliance , Pharmaceutical Services , HIV , Pharmacy , Motivational InterviewingABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Survival in people living with HIV (PLWH) has increased and thus people are aging with HIV, increasing the frequency of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of polypharmacy among PLWH who were on antiretroviral treatment and were followed in an outpatient setting by the pharmacy department of several hospitals across Spain. In addition, we aimed to evaluate factors associated with polypharmacy and treatment complexity among this population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We recorded information on demographic data, data on disease control including viral load and CD4 count at the time of inclusion, comorbidities, pharmacologic treatment and drugs interactions. Polypharmacy was defined as the use of 6 or more different drugs, including antiretroviral medication; major polypharmacy was defined as the use of ≥11 different drugs. RESULTS: Overall, 1225 PLWH were eligible in the study. The median (IQR) age was 49 (40-54). Comorbidities were present in 819 (67%) PLWH and 571 (47%) had two or more comorbidities. Overall, 397 (32.4%, 95% CI 29.8-34.9) PLWH met the criteria for polypharmacy, and 67 (5.5%, 95% CI, 4.2-6.7) had major polypharmacy. Several factors were associated with polypharmacy such as type of antiretroviral treatment, presence of potential interactions, the use of several types of medications and the number of comorbidities. Treatment complexity was also a factor strongly associated with polypharmacy; for each point increase in the medication regimen complexity index (MRCI), the likelihood of polypharmacy increased 2.3-fold. CONCLUSIONS: Polypharmacy is frequent among PLWH in Spain and contributes to a relevant extent to treatment complexity.
ABSTRACT
Desensitisation protocols allow the continuation of treatment in patients who have presented hypersensitivity reactions. Carboplatin desensitisation solutions are usually prepared in the chemotherapy centralised units of hospital pharmacies and they are diluted under the established concentration limit to guarantee the stability of the preparation. An online survey was sent to hospital pharmacies, inquiring about local desensitisation protocols: reasons for use of desensitisation protocols, the protocols used and the stability given to carboplatin solutions. An important variability among the hospitals in carboplatin desensitisation practice was detected. Six different carboplatin desensitisation protocols were described and discordance with the storage period of the carboplatin solutions was observed. The lack of consensus on which protocol must be followed and data supporting the stability of the diluted product, contribute to distrust of carboplatin desensitisation protocols. Although the efficacy and safety of carboplatin desensitisation protocols has been widely demonstrated, many professionals still have concerns.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Carboplatin/adverse effects , Desensitization, Immunologic/methods , Drug Hypersensitivity/drug therapy , Drug Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Pharmacy Service, Hospital/methods , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Carboplatin/administration & dosage , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Pharmaceutical Solutions/administration & dosage , Pharmacy Service, Hospital/trends , Prospective Studies , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de polifarmacia en personas que viven con VIH de al menos 65 años en tratamiento antirretroviral. Describir el tratamiento antirretroviral, determinar la prevalencia de comorbilidades, el tipo de medicación concomitante más frecuente, la adherencia, la complejidad farmacoterapéutica y las interacciones. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, transversal y multicéntrico en el que se incluyeron a personas que viven con VIH de al menos 65 años con trata-miento antirretroviral activo. Se recogieron variables demográficas, clínicas (carga viral, linfocitos CD4 y comorbilidades) y farmacoterapéuticas (tipo de tratamiento antirretroviral, regímenes con single-tablet-regimen, polifarmacia -seis principios activos incluyendo tratamiento antirretroviral-, polifarmacia mayor -11 principios activos incluyendo tratamiento antirretroviral-). Se midió la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral con los registros de dispensación y con el Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire, y la adherencia al tratamiento concomitante mediante los registros de dispensación y el cuestionario Morisky-Green. Se calculó el índice de complejidad farmacoterapéutica a través del Medication Regimen Complexity Index. Se revisaron las interacciones con la base de datos de Liverpool y Lexicomp. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 74 pacientes (86,5% hombres) con una me-diana de edad de 69 (66,7-72,0) años. La vía sexual fue la forma más frecuente de adquisición (67,6%). Presentaron indetectabilidad del virus el 89,2% de los pacientes y con una cifra de linfocitos CD4 de más de 200/ml el 94,6%. La mediana de comorbilidades fue de 3,5 (2,0-5,0): cardiovascular 52,7%, sistema nervioso central 50,0%, hepática 17,6%y enfermedad pulmonar crónica 8,1%. Recibieron triple terapia el 81,1% y single-tablet-regimen el 48,6%. La mediana de fármacos concomitantes fue 5,0 (2,0-7,0), polifarmacia 71,6% y polifarmacia mayor 25,7%. Medicamentos antihipertensivos y del sistema cardiovascular fueron prescritos en un 56,8% de los pacientes, hipolipemiantes 50,0%, antiulcerosos 33,8% y psicofármacos 32,4%. La adherencia según registros de dispensación del tratamiento antirretroviral fue del 85,1% y de la medicación concomitan-te del 62,8%. La mediana del Medication Regimen Complexity Index del tratamiento completo fue 13,0 (8,0-17,6). Tenían al menos una interacción potencial el 55,4% y al menos una contraindicada el 12,2% de los pacientes. CONCLUSIONES: Las personas mayores que viven con VIH tienen una alta prevalencia de polifarmacia, complejidad farmacoterapéutica, baja adherencia al tratamiento e interacciones, por lo que la optimización farmacoterapéutica debe ser una prioridad en este tipo de pacientes
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of polypharmacy in persons li-ving with HIV of at least 65 years of age receiving antiretroviral treatment. A characterization of antiretroviral treatment, as well as a determination of the prevalence of comorbidities; of the most common types of concomitant medication; of adherence rates; of the pharmacotherapeutic complexity; and of drug-drug interactions were also among the goals of the study. METHOD: This was a multi-center, cross-sectional observational study that included persons living with HIV aged 65 years or more who were on active antiretroviral treatment. Demographic, clinical (viral load, CD4 count and comorbidities) and pharmacotherapeutic (type of antiretroviral treatment: single tablet regimen, polypharmacy [six active ingredients or more] and major polypharmacy [11 active ingredients or more] variables were considered). Adherence to antiretroviral treatment was measured by dispensation records and the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire, while adherence to concomitant medication was measured using dispensation records and the Morisky-Green questionnaire. The Medication Regimen Complexity Index was calculated. Drug-drug interactions were analyzed using the Liverpool and Lexicomp databases. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients (86.5% male) were included, with a median age of 69 years (66.7-72.0). The sexual route was the most common route of transmission of the disease (67.6%). The virus was undetectable in 89.2% of patients; the CD4 count was over 200/mL in 94.6% of the sample. The median number of comorbidities was 3.5 (2.0-5.0), 52.7% of them being cardiovascular; 50.0% related to the central nervous system; 17.6% hepatic; and 8.1% consisting in chronic pulmonary disease. A total of 81.1% of patients received triple therapy and 48.6% single ta-blet regimen. The median number of concomitant drugs administered was 5.0 (2.0-7.0), polypharmacy was observed in 71.6% of cases and major polypharmacy in 25.7%. Antihypertensive and cardiovascular drugs were prescribed to 56.8% of patients, lipid-lowering drugs to 50.0%, antiulcer agents to 33.8% and psychoactive drugs to 32.4%. According to dispensation records, adherence to antiretroviral treatment was 85.1% and to concomitant medication 62.8%. The median Medication Regimen Complexity Index for the whole treatment was 13.0 (8.0-17.6). Potential drug-drug interactions were observed in 55.4% of patients and contraindicated interactions in 12.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly persons living with HIV exhibit a high prevalence of polypharmacy, pharmacotherapeutic complexity, poor adherence and drug-drug interactions. For that reason, pharmacotherapeutic optimization must be a priority in these patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Drug Therapy, Combination/methods , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Seroprevalence , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Spain/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of polypharmacy in persons living with HIV of at least 65 years of age receiving antiretroviral treatment. A characterization of antiretroviral treatment, as well as a determination of the prevalence of comorbidities; of the most common types of concomitant medication; of adherence rates; of the pharmacotherapeutic complexity; and of drug-drug interactions were also among the goals of the study. METHOD: This was a multi-center, cross-sectional observational study that included persons living with HIV aged 65 years or more who were on active antiretroviral treatment. Demographic, clinical (viral load, CD4 count and comorbidities) and pharmacotherapeutic (type of antiretroviral treatment: single tablet regimen, polypharmacy [six active ingredients or more] and major polypharmacy [11 active ingredients or more] variables were considered). Adherence to antiretroviral treatment was measured by dispensation records and the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire, while adherence to concomitant medication was measured using dispensation records and the Morisky-Green questionnaire. The Medication Regimen Complexity Index was calculated. Drug-drug interactions were analyzed using the Liverpool and Lexicomp databases. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients (86.5% male) were included, with a median age of 69 years (66.7-72.0). The sexual route was the most common route of transmission of the disease (67.6%). The virus was undetectable in 89.2% of patients; the CD4 count was over 200/mL in 94.6% of the sample. The median number of comorbidities was 3.5 (2.0-5.0), 52.7% of them being cardiovascular; 50.0% related to the central nervous system; 17.6% hepatic; and 8.1% consisting in chronic pulmonary disease. A total of 81.1% of patients received triple therapy and 48.6% single tablet regimen. The median number of concomitant drugs administered was 5.0 (2.0-7.0), polypharmacy was observed in 71.6% of cases and major polypharmacy in 25.7%. Antihypertensive and cardiovascular drugs were prescribed to 56.8% of patients, lipid-lowering drugs to 50.0%, antiulcer agents to 33.8% and psychoactive drugs to 32.4%. According to dispensation records, adherence to antiretroviral treatment was 85.1% and to concomitant medication 62.8%. The median Medication Regimen Complexity Index for the whole treatment was 13.0 (8.0-17.6). Potential drug- drug interactions were observed in 55.4% of patients and contraindicated interactions in 12.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly persons living with HIV exhibit a high prevalence of polypharmacy, pharmacotherapeutic complexity, poor adherence and drug-drug interactions. For that reason, pharmacotherapeutic optimization must be a priority in these patients.
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de polifarmacia en personas que viven con VIH de al menos 65 años en tratamiento antirretroviral. Describir el tratamiento antirretroviral, determinar la prevalencia de comorbilidades, el tipo de medicación concomitante más frecuente, la adherencia, la complejidad farmacoterapéutica y las interacciones.Método: Estudio observacional, transversal y multicéntrico en el que se incluyeron a personas que viven con VIH de al menos 65 años con tratamiento antirretroviral activo. Se recogieron variables demográficas, clínicas (carga viral, linfocitos CD4 y comorbilidades) y farmacoterapéuticas (tipo de tratamiento antirretroviral, regímenes con single- tablet-regimen, polifarmacia seis principios activos incluyendo tratamiento antirretroviral, polifarmacia mayor 11 principios activos incluyendo tratamiento antirretroviral). Se midió la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral con los registros de dispensación y con el Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire, y la adherencia al tratamiento concomitante mediante los registros de dispensación y el cuestionario Morisky-Green. Se calculó el índice de complejidad farmacoterapéutica a través del Medication Regimen Complexity Index. Se revisaron las interacciones con la base de datos de Liverpool y Lexicomp. Resultados: Se incluyeron 74 pacientes (86,5% hombres) con una mediana de edad de 69 (66,7-72,0) años. La vía sexual fue la forma más frecuente de adquisición (67,6%). Presentaron indetectabilidad del virus el 89,2% de los pacientes y con una cifra de linfocitos CD4 de más de 200/ml el 94,6%. La mediana de comorbilidades fue de 3,5 (2,0-5,0): cardiovascular 52,7%, sistema nervioso central 50,0%, hepática 17,6% y enfermedad pulmonar crónica 8,1%. Recibieron triple terapia el 81,1% y single-tablet-regimen el 48,6%. La mediana de fármacos concomitantes fue 5,0 (2,0-7,0), polifarmacia 71,6% y polifarmacia mayor 25,7%. Medicamentos antihipertensivos y del sistema cardiovascular fueron prescritos en un 56,8% de los pacientes, hipolipemiantes 50,0%, antiulcerosos 33,8% y psicofármacos 32,4%. La adherencia según registros de dispensación del tratamiento antirretroviral fue del 85,1% y de la medicación concomitante del 62,8%. La mediana del Medication Regimen Complexity Index del tratamiento completo fue 13,0 (8,0-17,6). Tenían al menos una interacción potencial el 55,4% y al menos una contraindicada el 12,2% de los pacientes.Conclusiones: Las personas mayores que viven con VIH tienen una alta prevalencia de polifarmacia, complejidad farmacoterapéutica, baja adherencia al tratamiento e interacciones, por lo que la optimización farmacoterapéutica debe ser una prioridad en este tipo de pacientes.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Polypharmacy , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The Preparadxs app was designed to enhace the prevention of the HIV and other sexually transmitted infections transmission through the empowerment of the user. The purpose of this study is to determine the usability and perception about the app among real users. In this prospective cross-sectional study all app end-users were asked to answer the System Usability Scale and question regarding app capability to reduce sexually transmitted infections in the future. Influence of several variables (gender identity, educational level and digital native condition) was explored. A total of 69 users answered the survey during study period. Most of them were male and had university studies. Final usability score was 80,8 points which means a good, near excellent usability. No differences in usability scores were observed regarding to gender identity, native condition or educational level. Most users were strongly agree (56,5%) or agree (28,9%) with app potential to reduce the incidence of HIV and other STIs in the future.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/prevention & control , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Software , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Surveys and Questionnaires , User-Computer Interface , Wireless TechnologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide with selective action against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. The stability of daptomycin solutions in different containers while stored at different temperatures was assessed. METHODS: Daptomycin vials were reconstituted with NaCl (50â mg/mL). Daptomycin infusion solutions (5.6 and 14.0â mg/mL) were prepared in polypropylene infusion bags. All test solutions were stored either under refrigeration or at room temperature over 7â days. Samples were withdrawn on days 0, 2, 4 and 7 and assayed in triplicate using a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. RESULTS: The HPLC analysis revealed no significant loss in daptomycin concentration in vials or bags when stored at 2-8°C. All samples remained clear and colourless and there were no significant changes in pH throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Reconstituted daptomycin vials (50â mg/mL) and infusion bags (5.6 and 14â mg/mL) were found to be physicochemically stable over a period of 1â week when stored at 2-8°C.
ABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Lead Poisoning/etiology , Medicine, Ayurvedic , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/therapy , Edetic Acid/therapeutic use , Metals, Heavy/toxicityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of support, knowledge and perceptions of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by Infectious Disease Specialists and Hospital Pharmacists in Spain. METHODS: Cross-sectional study through an on-line 31-item survey (sociodemographical data, employment status/experience, knowledge of PrEP, use, identified barriers and economic issues). A univariate analysis was performed to evaluate the variables associated with support for PrEP, and compare the assessments by Specialists and Pharmacists. The questions about support for PrEP and agreement with the indication approval were repeated after showing data from published studies. The significance of the change in the answers was analyzed using the McNemar Test. RESULTS: 211 questionnaires were received (80.1% from Pharmacists). 40.3% had low/no familiarity with PrEP (46.2% Pharmacists vs. 16.7% Physicians; p < 0.01). A 53.6% of them would support the use of PrEP (49.7% Pharmacists vs. 69% Physicians; p = 0.038). The minimum acceptable efficacy in order to support PrEP was 85.0 ± 15.5% (82.6 ± 12.1% by Physicians vs. 85.6 ± 15.0% by Pharmacists; p = 0.02). The variables associated with support were: medical profession (OR = 2.26; 95%CI 1.1-4.6; p = 0.038) and lower demand for efficacy (difference = 10.5%; 95%CI 6.9 to 14.1; p < 0.001). After receiving the information, there was an increase in their support for use and indication approval. Most participants (81.5%) did not support its reimbursement. The main barriers identified were: an increase in risk behaviour (24.1%), increase in sexually transmitted diseases (19.0%), resistance (16.6%) and cost (16.0%). CONCLUSIONS: More than half of participants were familiar with PrEP. The majority of them would support its use and the approval of the indication, but would not reimburse it. The use of PrEP in real practice is currently low.
Objetivo: Determinar el grado de apoyo, conocimientos y percepciones respecto a la profilaxis preexposición (PrEP) de los médicos infectólogos y farmacéuticos hospitalarios en España. Métodos: Estudio transversal mediante encuesta de 31 ítems (datos sociodemográficos, situación laboral/experiencia, conocimiento sobre PrEP, uso, opiniones, barreras detectadas y aspectos financieros). Se realizó un análisis univariante para evaluar las variables relacionadas con el apoyo a PrEP y comparar las valoraciones de médicos y farmacéuticos. Las preguntas sobre apoyo a la PrEP y el acuerdo sobre aprobar la indicación se repitieron tras mostrar datos de estudios publicados. Se analizó la significación del cambio en la respuesta mediante la prueba de McNemar. Resultados: Se recibieron 211 cuestionarios (80,1% farmacéuticos). El 40,3% estuvieron nada/poco familiarizados con la PrEP (46,2% farmacéuticos vs. 16,7% médicos; p < 0,01). El 53,6% apoyaría su uso (49,7% farmacéuticos vs. 69% médicos; p = 0,038). La eficacia mínima considerada aceptable fue 85,0 ± 15,5% (82,6 ± 12,1% médicos vs. 85,6 ± 15,0% farmacéuticos; p = 0,02). Las variables relacionadas con el apoyo fueron: profesión médica (OR = 2,26 IC95% 1,1-4,6; p = 0,038) y menor exigencia de eficacia (diferencia 10,5% IC95% 6,9-14,1; p < 0,001). Tras recibir la información, aumentaron el apoyo al uso y la aprobación. El 81,5% no apoyaron la financiación. Las principales barreras señaladas fueron: aumento de conductas de riesgo (24,1%), aumento de enfermedades de transmisión sexual (19,0%), resistencias (16,6%) y coste (16,0%). Conclusiones: Más de la mitad de los encuestados estaban familiarizados con la PrEP. La mayoría apoyaría su uso y la aprobación de la indicación, pero no la financiaría. El uso en la práctica real de la PrEP es escaso en la actualidad.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/prevention & control , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis , Adult , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Health Personnel , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , SpainABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the level of support, knowledge and perceptions of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by Infectious Disease Specialists and Hospital Pharmacists in Spain. Methods: Cross-sectional study through an on-line 31-item survey (sociodemographical data, employment status/experience, knowledge of PrEP, use, identified barriers and economic issues). A univariate analysis was performed to evaluate the variables associated with support for PrEP, and compare the assessments by Specialists and Pharmacists. The questions about support for PrEP and agreement with the indication approval were repeated after showing data from published studies. The significance of the change in the answers was analyzed using the McNemar Test. Results: 211 questionnaires were received (80.1% from Pharmacists). 40.3% had low/no familiarity with PrEP (46.2% Pharmacists vs. 16.7% Physicians; p < 0.01). A 53.6% of them would support the use of PrEP (49.7% Pharmacists vs. 69% Physicians; p = 0.038). The minimum acceptable efficacy in order to support PrEP was 85.0 ± 15.5% (82.6 ± 12.1% by Physicians vs. 85.6 ± 15.0% by Pharmacists; p = 0.02). The variables associated with support were: medical profession (OR = 2.26; 95%CI 1.1-4.6; p = 0.038) and lower demand for efficacy (difference = 10.5%; 95%CI 6.9 to 14.1; p < 0.001). After receiving the information, there was an increase in their support for use and indication approval. Most participants (81.5%) did not support its reimbursement. The main barriers identified were: an increase in risk behaviour (24.1%), increase in sexually transmitted diseases (19.0%), resistance (16.6%) and cost (16.0%). Conclusions: More than half of participants were familiar with PrEP. The majority of them would support its use and the approval of the indication, but would not reimburse it. The use of PrEP in real practice is currently low (AU)
Objetivo: Determinar el grado de apoyo, conocimientos y percepciones respecto a la profilaxis preexposición (PrEP) de los médicos infectólogos y farmacéuticos hospitalarios en España. Métodos: Estudio transversal mediante encuesta de 31 ítems (datos sociodemográficos, situación laboral/experiencia, conocimiento sobre PrEP, uso, opiniones, barreras detectadas y aspectos financieros). Se realizó un análisis univariante para evaluar las variables relacionadas con el apoyo a PrEP y comparar las valoraciones de médicos y farmacéuticos. Las preguntas sobre apoyo a la PrEP y el acuerdo sobre aprobar la indicación se repitieron tras mostrar datos de estudios publicados. Se analizó la significación del cambio en la respuesta mediante la prueba de McNemar. Resultados: Se recibieron 211 cuestionarios (80,1% farmacéuticos). El 40,3% estuvieron nada/poco familiarizados con la PrEP (46,2% farmacéuticos vs. 16,7% médicos; p < 0,01). El 53,6% apoyaría su uso (49,7% farmacéuticos vs. 69% médicos; p = 0,038). La eficacia mínima considerada aceptable fue 85,0 ± 15,5% (82,6 ± 12,1% médicos vs. 85,6 ± 15,0% farmacéuticos; p = 0,02). Las variables relacionadas con el apoyo fueron: profesión médica (OR = 2,26 IC95% 1,1-4,6; p = 0,038) y menor exigencia de eficacia (diferencia 10,5% IC95% 6,9-14,1; p < 0,001). Tras recibir la información, aumentaron el apoyo al uso y la aprobación. El 81,5% no apoyaron la financiación. Las principales barreras señaladas fueron: aumento de conductas de riesgo (24,1%), aumento de enfermedades de transmisión sexual (19,0%), resistencias (16,6%) y coste (16,0%). Conclusiones: Más de la mitad de los encuestados estaban familiarizados con la PrEP. La mayoría apoyaría su uso y la aprobación de la indicación, pero no la financiaría. El uso en la práctica real de la PrEP es escaso en la actualidad (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Care Surveys/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
'Pre-exposure prophylaxis' (PrEP) has been recently developed as a prevention strategy which involves the administration of drugs to non-infected individuals who present high exposure or susceptibility to HIV. Although this use is not approved in our country, several guidelines recommend PrEP as a prevention option in adult MSM, heterosexual men and women, and users of parenteral drugs at risk of acquiring the infection. This article presents the characteristics that an ideal agent to be used as PrEP should meet, recent efficacy published data and barriers for the implementation of this new strategy. On the other hand, the role of hospital pharmacists will be discussed (AU)
La 'profilaxis pre-exposición (PrEP)' ha sido recientemente desarrollada como una estrategia de prevención que consiste en la administración de medicamentos a los individuos no infectados que presentan una alta exposición y susceptibilidad al VIH. Aunque este uso no está aprobado en nuestro país, varias guías recomiendan la PrEP como una opción de prevención en HSH adultos, hombres y mujeres heterosexuales, y los usuarios de drogas parenterales en riesgo de adquirir la infección. Este artículo presenta las características que un agente ideal para ser utilizado como profilaxis pre-exposición debe cumplir, los datos de eficacia recientemente publicados y las barreras para la implementación de esta nueva estrategia. Por otra parte, se discute el papel de los farmacéuticos del hospital en la posible implantación de esta estrategia en el futuro (AU)