ENHANCED RECOVERY (ERAS) AFTER LIVER SURGERY:COMPARATIVE STUDY IN A BRAZILIAN TERCIARY CENTER.

BACKGROUND: After the publication of the first recommendations of ERAS Society regarding colonic surgery, the proposal of surgical stress reduction, maintenance of physiological functions and optimized recovery was expanded to other surgical specialties, with minimal variations. AIM: To analyze the implementation of ERAS protocols for liver surgery in a tertiary center. METHODS: Fifty patients that underwent elective hepatic surgery were retrospectively evaluated, using medical records data, from June 2014 to August 2016. After September 2016, 35 patients were prospectively evaluated and managed in accordance with ERAS protocol. RESULTS: There was no difference in age, type of hepatectomy, laparoscopic surgery and postoperative complications between the groups. In ERAS group, it was observed a reduction in preoperative fasting and in the length of hospital stay by two days (p< 0.001). Carbohydrate loading, j-shaped incision, early oral feeding, postoperative prevention of nausea and vomiting and early mobilization were also significantly related to ERAS group. Oral bowel preparation, pre-anesthetic medication, sub-costal incision, prophylactic nasogastric intubation and abdominal drainage were more common in control group. CONCLUSION: Implementation of ERAS protocol is feasible and beneficial for health institutions and patients, without increasing morbidity and mortality.

Enhanced recovery (eras) after liver surgery: comparative study in a brazilian terciary center / Recuperação otimizada (eras) após cirurgia hepática: estudo comparativo de um centro terciário brasileiro

ABSTRACT Background: After the publication of the first recommendations of ERAS Society regarding colonic surgery, the proposal of surgical stress reduction, maintenance of physiological functions and optimized recovery was expanded to other surgical specialties, with minimal variations. Aim: To analyze the implementation of ERAS protocols for liver surgery in a tertiary center. Methods: Fifty patients that underwent elective hepatic surgery were retrospectively evaluated, using medical records data, from June 2014 to August 2016. After September 2016, 35 patients were prospectively evaluated and managed in accordance with ERAS protocol. Results: There was no difference in age, type of hepatectomy, laparoscopic surgery and postoperative complications between the groups. In ERAS group, it was observed a reduction in preoperative fasting and in the length of hospital stay by two days (p< 0.001). Carbohydrate loading, j-shaped incision, early oral feeding, postoperative prevention of nausea and vomiting and early mobilization were also significantly related to ERAS group. Oral bowel preparation, pre-anesthetic medication, sub-costal incision, prophylactic nasogastric intubation and abdominal drainage were more common in control group. Conclusion: Implementation of ERAS protocol is feasible and beneficial for health institutions and patients, without increasing morbidity and mortality.

RESUMO Racional: Após a publicação das primeiras recomendações da Sociedade ERAS sobre a cirurgia do cólon, a proposta de redução do estresse cirúrgico, manutenção das funções fisiológicas e recuperação otimizada foi ampliada para outras especialidades cirúrgicas, com pequenas variações. Objetivo: Analisar a implementação dos protocolos ERAS para cirurgia hepática em um centro terciário. Métodos: Cinquenta pacientes submetidos à cirurgia hepática eletiva foram avaliados retrospectivamente, utilizando dados de prontuários, de junho de 2014 a agosto de 2016. Após setembro de 2016, 35 pacientes foram prospectivamente avaliados e manejados de acordo com o protocolo ERAS. Resultados: Não houve diferença de idade, tipos de hepatectomia, cirurgia laparoscópica e complicações pós-operatórias entre os grupos. No grupo ERAS, observou-se redução no jejum pré-operatório e no tempo de internação hospitalar de dois dias (p<0,001). A carga de carboidratos, a incisão em forma de J, a alimentação oral precoce, a prevenção pós-operatória de náuseas e vômitos e a mobilização precoce também foram significativamente relacionadas ao grupo ERAS. Preparo mecânico do cólon, medicação pré-anestésica, incisão subcostal, intubação nasogástrica profilática e drenagem abdominal foram mais comuns no grupo controle. Conclusão: A implementação do protocolo ERAS é viável e benéfica para instituições de saúde e pacientes, sem aumentar a morbidade e a mortalidade.

EARLY DRAIN FLUID AMYLASE IS USEFUL TO PREDICT PANCREATIC FISTULA AFTER PANCREATODUODENECTOMY: LESSONS LEARNED FROM A SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN CENTER.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic fistula represents the most feared complication after pancreatoduodenectomies, being the major responsible for the high morbidity and mortality after this operation. Its incidence remains around 10% to 30%. In recent years, several authors have studied the value of amylase in abdominal drains fluid, measured at an early stage after the surgical procedure, as a useful tool to identify patients at risk of developing pancreatic fistula. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the value of early drain fluid amylase as a method to predict the occurrence and severity of postoperative pancreatic fistula in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomies. METHODS: We evaluated 102 prospective patients submitted to pancreatoduodenectomies from January 2013 to June 2017. The mensuration of amylase in abdominal drains was performed on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 in all patients. Patients were divided into three groups according to postoperative day 1 (POD1) results: values <270 U/L (group 1); between 271 and 5.000 U/L (group 2); and values >5.000 U/L (group 3). RESULTS: The incidence of pancreatic fistula was 25.5%, being 3.33%, 27.3% and 41.02% in the three groups, respectively. Compared with group 1, the risk of developing pancreatic fistula increased with increasing amylase values on POD1. Amylase values on POD1 and POD3 of patients with pancreatic fistula were higher than in the other ones without this complication (P<0.001). In addition, in group 3, 37.5% of patients with pancreatic fistula evolved to death (P<0.001). Finally, in this group, patients who died had drain fluid amylase values on POD1 significantly higher than the others in the same group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Early drain fluid amylase value is a useful test to stratify patients in relation to the risk of developing pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomies, in addition to correlate with the severity of this complication.

O valor da amilase, obtido precocemente nos drenos abdominais, é teste útil em prever a ocorrência de fístula pancreática após duodenopancreatectomia: lições aprendidas de um centro do Sul do Brasil / Early drain fluid amylase is useful to predict pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy: lessons learned from a southern brazilian center

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Pancreatic fistula represents the most feared complication after pancreatoduodenectomies, being the major responsible for the high morbidity and mortality after this operation. Its incidence remains around 10% to 30%. In recent years, several authors have studied the value of amylase in abdominal drains fluid, measured at an early stage after the surgical procedure, as a useful tool to identify patients at risk of developing pancreatic fistula. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the value of early drain fluid amylase as a method to predict the occurrence and severity of postoperative pancreatic fistula in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomies. METHODS: We evaluated 102 prospective patients submitted to pancreatoduodenectomies from January 2013 to June 2017. The mensuration of amylase in abdominal drains was performed on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 in all patients. Patients were divided into three groups according to postoperative day 1 (POD1) results: values <270 U/L (group 1); between 271 and 5.000 U/L (group 2); and values >5.000 U/L (group 3). RESULTS: The incidence of pancreatic fistula was 25.5%, being 3.33%, 27.3% and 41.02% in the three groups, respectively. Compared with group 1, the risk of developing pancreatic fistula increased with increasing amylase values on POD1. Amylase values on POD1 and POD3 of patients with pancreatic fistula were higher than in the other ones without this complication (P<0.001). In addition, in group 3, 37.5% of patients with pancreatic fistula evolved to death (P<0.001). Finally, in this group, patients who died had drain fluid amylase values on POD1 significantly higher than the others in the same group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Early drain fluid amylase value is a useful test to stratify patients in relation to the risk of developing pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomies, in addition to correlate with the severity of this complication.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A fístula pancreática representa a complicação mais temida após as duodenopancreatectomias, sendo a grande responsável pela elevada morbi-mortalidade após esta operação. Sua incidência permanece em torno de 10% a 30%. Nos últimos anos, diversos trabalhos têm estudado o valor da amilase nos drenos abdominais, medido de forma precoce após o procedimento cirúrgico, como ferramenta útil para a identificação dos pacientes sob risco de desenvolver fístula pancreática. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o valor da amilase no fluido dos drenos abdominais, obtido precocemente no pós-operatório, como método para prever a ocorrência e severidade da fístula pancreática nos pacientes submetidos a duodenopancreatectomias. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 102 pacientes prospectivos submetidos a duodenopancreatectomias no período de janeiro de 2013 a junho de 2017. A dosagem da amilase nos drenos abdominais foi realizada nos dias 1, 3, 5 e 7 em todos os pacientes. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos conforme os resultados do 1o PO: valores <270 U/L (grupo 1); entre 271 e 5.000 U/L (grupo 2); e valores >5.000 U/L (grupo 3). RESULTADOS: A incidência de fístula pancreática foi de 25,5%, sendo 3,33%, 27,3% e 41,02% nos três grupos, respectivamente. Comparados ao grupo 1, o risco de desenvolver fístula pancreática foi crescente com o aumento da amilase no 1o PO. Os valores das amilases no 1o PO e 3o PO dos pacientes com fístula pancreática foram maiores do que nos pacientes sem essa complicação (P<0,001). Além disso, no grupo 3, 37,5% dos pacientes com fístula pancreática evoluíram para óbito (P<0,001). Por fim, neste grupo, os pacientes que evoluíram para óbito tiveram valores de amilase no 1o PO significativamente maiores do que os demais pacientes (P<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O valor da amilase, medido de forma precoce nos drenos abdominais no pós-operatório de duodenopancreatectomias, é teste útil para estratificar pacientes em relação ao risco de apresentar fístula pancreática, além de se correlacionar com a severidade dessa complicação.

A case of oncogenic osteomalacia owing to inguinal tumor.

The oncogenic hypophosphatemic osteomalacia is a very incapacitating disease and the mortality rate, mainly due to metabolic disorder, depends on the early diagnosis, since the surgery is curative. The major difficulty is to consider this kind of disease in patients with complex clinical presentation. Moreover, medical centers have to provide a good diagnostic infrastructure because these tumors, in most cases, are small and do not have an obvious site. This case report is about a man with a rapid loss of strength and muscle mass, which had his diagnosis in a late, culminating in significant deformities and organic dysfunctions with clinical repercussions. However, the fast diagnosis with appropriate tests determined the stop point of the evolution of disease and marked the beginning of metabolic recovery. This case reinforces the global problem health care infrastructure and the access to diagnostic equipment, demonstrating the impact on the patient's health of our service.

Oncogenic hypophosphatemic osteomalacia: From the first signal of disease to the first signal of healthy.

INTRODUCTION: The physical incapacitation of the oncogenic hypophosphatemic osteomalacia (OHO) can be catastrophic and can lead to deformities, metabolic and organic instability and death. The only positive outcome is through early diagnosis by the clinical suspicion. At this moment, medical center infrastructure is also a keypoint. PRESENTATION OF CASE: This case report is about a 60-year old woman with multiple fractures, gradual loss of strength and muscle mass and limiting deformities in two years of evolution until the diagnostic. DISCUSSION: The lack of knowledge of this disease causes a delay in diagnosis that can bring deformities to the patient, as well as death. Is crucial that is hypothesized to carry out the necessary tests, since they are expensive and not always available. CONCLUSION: This case reinforces the importance to understand the OHO and tumoral search, once this lesion is, in most cases, imperceptible to physical examination or several imaging studies.

Use of Left Gastric Vein as an Alternative for Portal Flow Reconstruction in Liver Transplantation.

Portal vein thrombosis is observed in up to 10% of liver transplant candidates, hindering execution of the procedure. A dilated gastric vein is an alternative to portal vein reconstruction and decompression of splanchnic bed. We present two cases of patients with portal cavernoma and dilated left gastric vein draining splanchnic bed who underwent liver transplantation. The vein was dissected and sectioned near the cardia; the proximal segment was ligated with suture and the distal segment was anastomosed to the donor portal vein. Gastroportal anastomosis is an excellent option for portal reconstruction in the presence of thrombosis or hypoplasia. It allows an adequate splanchnic drainage and direction of hepatotrophic factors to the graft.

Tratamento de tumor carcinoide gástrico solitário por polipectomia endoscópica / Treatment of solitary gastric carcinoid tumor by endoscopic polypectomy

Tumores carcinoides do estômago consistem em neoplasias do sistema neuroendócrino difuso que, embora raras, têm apresentado uma crescente incidência. Sua origem está nas células enterocromafins da mucosa gástrica. A abordagem clínica ideal ainda está sendo elucidada, dependendo do tipo, tamanho e número de lesões, bem como da presença de metástases. Este é o relato de caso de um tumor carcinoide gástrico solitário do tipo I, tratado satisfatoriamente por polipectomia endoscópica (AU)

Carcinoid tumors of the stomach consist of neoplasms of the diffuse neuroendocrine system which, although rare, have shown increasing incidence. Their origin is in the enterochromaffin cells of the gastric mucosa. The optimal clinical approach is still being elucidated, depending on the type, size and number of lesions and the presence of metastases. This is the case report of a solitary gastric carcinoid tumor type I, treated successfully by endoscopic polypectomy (AU)

Tumor fibroso solitário retroperitoneal volumoso / Giant solitary fibrous tumor of retroperitoneum

O tumor fibroso solitário (TFS) é uma neoplasia mesenquimal rara caracterizada pela proliferação de células fusiformes, geralmente acometendo a pleura. É diagnosticado, de modo geral, após estudo anátomo-patológico e por imuno-histoquímica, já que muitas vezes encontra-se em local pouco usual e assemelha-se a outras neoplasias. Relatamos o caso de um paciente de 46 anos com massa retroperitoneal compatível com tumor fibroso solitário de baixo grau (AU)

The sol itary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm characterized by proliferation of spindle cells, usually affecting the pleura. It is usually diagnosed after pathological study and by immunohistochemistry, as it is often located in an unusual location and resembles other cancers. Here we report the case of a 46-year-old patient with retroperitoneal mass consistent with low grade solitary fibrous tumor (AU)

Low mortality rate in 97 consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomies: the experience of a group.

CONTEXT: Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the procedure of choice for resectable cancer of the periampullary region. These tumors account for 4% of deaths from cancer, being referred to as one of the lowest survival rates at 5 years. Surgery remains a complex procedure with substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite reports of up to 30% mortality rates, in centers of excellence it have been identified as less than 5%. Recent studies show that pancreaticojejunostomy represents the "Achilles' heel" of the procedure. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the post-operative 30 days morbidity and mortality rates. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 97 consecutive resected patients between July, 2000 and December, 2012. All patients were managed by the same group, and data were obtained from specific database service. The main objective was to evaluate the 30-day mortality rate, but we also studied data of surgical specimen, need for vascular resection and postoperative complications (gastric stasis, pancreatic fistula, pneumonia and reoperation rate). RESULTS: Thirty-day mortality rate was 2.1% (two patients). Complete resection with no microscopic residual tumor was obtained in 93.8% of patients, and in 67.3% of cases pathology did not detected metastatic nodes. Among postoperative complications were reported 6% of prolonged gastric stasis, 10.3% of pneumonia, 10.3% of pancreatic fistula and 1% of infection in the drain pathway. Two patients underwent reoperation due to bleeding and infected hematoma caused by pancreatic fistula, and another for intestinal obstruction because of adhesions at postoperative day 12. CONCLUSIONS: The pancreaticoduodenectomy as treatment procedure for periampullary cancers has a low morbidity and mortality rate in services with experience in Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary surgery, remaining as first-line treatment in resectable patients.

LOW MORTALITY RATE IN 97 CONSECUTIVE PANCREATICODUODENECTOMIES: the experience of a group / Baixa mortalidade em 97 duodenopancreatectomias consecutivas: a experiência de um grupo

Context Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the procedure of choice for resectable cancer of the periampullary region. These tumors account for 4% of deaths from cancer, being referred to as one of the lowest survival rates at 5 years. Surgery remains a complex procedure with substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite reports of up to 30% mortality rates, in centers of excellence it have been identified as less than 5%. Recent studies show that pancreaticojejunostomy represents the “Achilles’ heel” of the procedure. Objective To evaluate the post-operative 30 days morbidity and mortality rates. Methods Retrospective analysis of 97 consecutive resected patients between July, 2000 and December, 2012. All patients were managed by the same group, and data were obtained from specific database service. The main objective was to evaluate the 30-day mortality rate, but we also studied data of surgical specimen, need for vascular resection and postoperative complications (gastric stasis, pancreatic fistula, pneumonia and reoperation rate). Results Thirty-day mortality rate was 2.1% (two patients). Complete resection with no microscopic residual tumor was obtained in 93.8% of patients, and in 67.3% of cases pathology did not detected metastatic nodes. Among postoperative complications were reported 6% of prolonged gastric stasis, 10.3% of pneumonia, 10.3% of pancreatic fistula and 1% of infection in the drain pathway. Two patients underwent reoperation due to bleeding and infected hematoma caused by pancreatic fistula, and another for intestinal obstruction because of adhesions at postoperative day 12. Conclusions The pancreaticoduodenectomy as treatment procedure for periampullary cancers has a low morbidity and mortality rate in services with experience in Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary surgery, remaining as first-line treatment in resectable patients. .

Contexto A duodenopancreatectomia é o procedimento de escolha para neoplasias ressecáveis da região periampolar. Estes tumores representam 4% dos óbitos por câncer, sendo referida como uma das mais baixas taxas de sobrevida em 5 anos. A cirurgia continua sendo um procedimento complexo com substancial morbi-mortalidade. Apesar dos relatos de até 30% de mortalidade, em serviços de excelência tem sido apontada como inferior a 5% e estudos recentes mostram que a pancreatojejunostomia representa o “tendão de Aquiles” do procedimento. Objetivo Avaliar a morbi-mortalidade em 30 dias nesta série de pacientes ressecados. Métodos Analisamos até o momento dados de 97 pacientes consecutivos submetidos à duodenopancreatectomia de julho de 2000 a dezembro de 2012. Todos os pacientes foram manejados pelo mesmo grupo e os dados obtidos de banco de dados específico do serviço. O objetivo principal era avaliar a mortalidade em 30 dias, mas também foi reportado os dados referentes ao espécime cirúrgico, a necessidade de ressecção vascular e complicações pós-operatórias (estase gástrica, fístula pancreática, pneumonia e taxa de reoperação). Resultados A mortalidade em 30 dias foi 2.1% (dois pacientes). Em 93.8% dos pacientes a ressecção foi completa com margem microscópica tumoral negativa e em 67.3% dos casos não se detectou linfonodos metastáticos ao estudo anatomopatológico. Entre as complicações pós-operatórias, foram relatadas 6% de estase gástrica prolongada, 10.3% de pneumonia, 10.3% de fístula pancreática e 1% de infecção no trajeto do dreno. Dois pacientes foram submetidos a reoperação devido a sangramento e hematoma infectado decorrente de fístula pancreática. Um paciente foi reoperado por ...

Spontaneous rupture of giant hepatic hemangioma

Hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the liver, with a prevalence ranging from 0.5 to 7% in necropsies. Tumors larger than 5 cm are called giant hemangiomas. Rupture is a very rare complication, although it is the most severe. We report the case of a 52-year-old patient who presented with a ruptured giant hepatic hemangioma. She was treated with a two-stage surgery, with successful outcome.

A rare case of multiple skin metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

BACKGROUND: Esophageal cancer is an aggressive disease that generally has a poor prognosis. Patients affected by the disease usually present with signs and symptoms related to local growth of the tumor, gastrointestinal bleeding and nutritional impairment. Skin metastases are rare events, associated with advanced stage and poor survival. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 51-year-old man who presented poor general status, dysphagia, weight loss and skin lesions disseminated throughout the body. Endoscopic examination revealed the presence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and biopsies of skin lesions showed metastasis of this cancer to the esophagus. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that any suspicious lesion that presents together with a history of gastrointestinal malignancy should be biopsied, since it can change the staging and prognosis of patients.

É possível diminuir o sangramento em hepatectomias sem a realização de exclusão vascular total ou parcial?: Resultados do uso de radiofrequência bipolar com agulhas resfriadas / Is it possible to reduce the bleeding in hepatic resections without conducting total or partial vascular exclusion?: Results of the use of bipolar radiofrequency with cold needles

RACIONAL: Embora a ressecção seja ainda o procedimento de escolha no tratamento curativo das lesões malignas do fígado, o sangramento permanece como fator de morbidade com grande impacto na cirurgia hepática. Com o intuito de minimizar esta complicação, diversas opções tecnológicas têm sido utilizadas, entre elas mais recentemente a radiofrequência, permitindo que o procedimento seja realizado com incisões menores, sem necessidade de clampeamento vascular, com mínima dissecção hepática, ou sangramento. OBJETIVO: Apresentar os resultados em uma série de pacientes utilizando nova técnica de ressecção do parênquima hepático através de agulhas paralelas de radiofrequência bipolar desenvolvidas pelos próprios autores, verificando o impacto no sangramento trans-operatório dos pacientes submetidos à hepatectomias. MÉTODOS: Sessenta pacientes foram submetidos à ressecção hepática através do uso da radiofrequência bipolar. O sangramento per-operatório foi avaliado através da medição do volume coletado em aspirador e pela diferença de peso nas compressas utilizadas durante o procedimento. Todos os casos foram acompanhados em sua função hepatocitária através de exames laboratoriais durante a primeira semana de pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: As ressecções hepáticas foram realizadas com média de 87 minutos, tamanho médio da incisão abdominal de 14 cm e sangramento médio de 58 mililitros. Nenhum paciente recebeu transfusão de sangue ou derivados. Não foram utilizados cateteres venosos centrais. Todos pacientes obtiveram rápida recuperação anestésica, obtendo alta da sala de recuperação para a enfermaria em menos de 12 horas. A drenagem pós-operatória foi anotada até a retirada do dreno abdominal em todos os pacientes. O tempo de internação hospitalar médio foi de 3,2 dias. Após um pico de elevação das provas de função hepática nos primeiros três dias, todos apresentaram retorno destes exames aos parâmetros pré-operatórios ao final do 1o mês. CONCLUSÃO: É possível,...

BACKGROUND: Although the resection is the chosen procedure in the therapeutic treatment of liver malign lesions, the bleeding represents a factor of morbidity with a great impact in the hepatic surgery. With the means of minimizing this complication, several technological options have been utilized, being radiofrequency more recently among them, allowing the procedure to be realized with smaller incisions, without the need of vascular clamping, with minimum hepatic dissection, or bleeding. AIM: To present the results of the use of a new technique of hepatic parenchyma resection through parallel needles of bipolar radiofrequency developed by the authors themselves, verifying the impact in the trans-operation bleeding of patients subjected to hepatectomies. METHODS: Sixty patients were submitted to hepatic resection through the use of bipolar radiofrequency. The pre-operation bleeding was evaluated through the medication of the collected volume in the vacuum and by the weight difference in the compresses utilized during the procedure. All cases were monitored in their hepatocitary function through laboratory tests during the first week of the post-operation. RESULTS: The hepatic resections were realized with the mean of 87 minutes, mean incision size of 14 cm and mean bleeding of 58 ml. None of the patients received blood transfusion or derivatives. Central venous catheters were not utilized. All patients obtained fast anesthetic recuperation, leaving the recuperation room to the ward in less than 12 hours. The post-operation drainage was noted down until the drain removal occurring in all patients. The mean hospitalization time was of 3,2 days. After the elevation peak of the hepatic function tests in the first three days, all patients presented regression of them in a one month. CONCLUSION: It is possible, feasible and valid to use radiofrequency needle to perform hepatectomy, even larger ones, reducing bleeding.

Características construtivas e funcionais das agulhas de radiofrequência bipolares resfriadas para reduzir o sangramento nas ressecções hepáticas / Construction of radiofrequency cold bipolar needles and its functional aspects to reduce the bleeding in hepatic resections

RACIONAL: Para diminuir o sangramento em ressecções hepáticas diversas opções tecnológicas têm sido divulgadas, dentre elas a radiofrequência. A intenção dos vários métodos é evitar o clampeamento vascular, fazer menor dissecção hepática e obter menor sangramento. OBJETIVO: Apresentar uma nova técnica de agulhas paralelas de radiofrequência bipolar desenvolvidas pelos próprios autores e os detalhes técnicos de seu uso. MÉTODOS: O sistema de agulhas apresenta dois eletrodos paralelos (18 gauge cada) de 25 cm de comprimento, separados entre si por uma distância de 1,5 cm, onde apenas os 4 cm distais dissipam energia gerada por um eletrobisturi bipolar. Estas agulhas são refrigeradas através de um sistema de resfriamento interno por fluxo contínuo de água destilada gelada estéril a 0oC, cuja temperatura é mantida através da presença de gelo, formado também por água destilada estéril. A operação é realizada sob anestesia geral, não sendo utilizados cateteres venosos centrais durante ou após o procedimento. As incisões realizadas podem ser subcostal direita e mediana supra-umbilical. RESULTADOS: A experiência inicial de sua utilização nas ressecções hepáticas mostraram média de 87 minutos, tamanho médio da incisão abdominal de 14 cm e sangramento médio de 58 ml. Nenhum paciente do grupo inicial recebeu transfusão de sangue ou derivados. CONCLUSÃO: As agulhas de radiofrequência bipolares resfriadas são viáveis e reduzem o sangramento nas ressecções hepáticas.

BACKGROUND: To reduce bleeding in liver resection various technological options have been disclosed, among them the radiofrequency. The intent of the various methods is to avoid vascular clamping, less liver dissection and minimize bleeding. AIM: To present a new technique of parallel bipolar radiofrequency needles developed by the authors and the technical details. METHODS: The needle system has two parallel electrodes (18 gauge each) of 25 cm in length, separated by a distance of 1.5 cm, and only distal 4 cm dissipate energy generated by a bipolar electrocautery. These needles are cooled by an internal cooling system for continuous flow of cold sterile distilled water at 0ºC, whose temperature is maintained through the presence of sterile distilled water ice. The operation is performed under general anesthesia and is not used central venous catheters during or after the procedure. The incisions may be right subcostal and median supra-umbilical. RESULTS: The inical use in liver resection showed an average 87 minutes operation time, average size of abdominal incision of 14 cm and 58 ml of blood loss during surgery. No patient in the inical group received transfusion of blood or blood products. CONCLUSION: The bipolar radiofrequency cooled needles are viable and reduce bleeding in liver resection.

Estenoses biliares benignas: reparação e resultados com o uso de silastic transhepático transanastomótico / Benign biliary strictures: repair and outcome with the use of silastic transhepatic transanastomotic stents

RACIONAL: Os avanços da medicina nem sempre estão relacionados a bons resultados homogêneos para todos os pacientes. Este é o caso de colecistectomia laparoscópica, cujas vantagens são amplamente reconhecidos na literatura médica. No entanto, ela pode trazer consigo temida e grave complicação que é lesão iatrogênica da via biliar extra-hepática. Ela vem aumentando nos últimos anos, apesar da curva de aprendizagem já estar ultrapassada na maioria dos centros. Está estabilizada em nível mais elevado do que o registrado nas colecistectomias laparotômicas. Na reparação das grandes lesões bom resultado pode ser alcançado com a utilização de tubos transanastomóticos em associação à hepaticojejunostomias. OBJETIVOS: Relatar 20 anos de experiência na reconstrução das vias biliares por lesão ductal com o uso de tubos transanastomóticos. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os dados de 338 pacientes que se submeteram à operação para as principais lesões do ducto biliar entre janeiro de 1988 e dezembro de 2009. RESULTADOS: Todos os 338 pacientes foram submetidos à hepaticojejunostomias com anastomoses em Y-de-Roux (Hepp-Couinaud) ou colangiojejunostomias, todos com o uso de tubos de silastic transanastomóticos. A longo prazo, bom resultado foi obtido em 240 (92,9 por cento) dos 338 pacientes, incluindo aqueles que necessitaram de procedimentos subsequentes. CONCLUSÃO: Estenoses biliares benignas próximas à confluência dos ductos hepáticos permanece sendo desafio cirúrgico. O uso de tubos de silastic transhepáticos transanastomóticos na reconstrução biliar alta é opção que pode proporcionar boa reparação biliar com baixos índices de complicações.

BACKGROUND: The medical advances is not always related to homogeneous good results for all the patients. This is the case of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, whose advantages are largely recognized in the medical literature. However, this operation most dreaded complication, iatrogenic major bile duct injury, is rising in the last years, despite the learning curve, and stabilized in a level higher than that experienced in open cholecystectomy. Among the features which can bring to this event a good outcome is the use of transhepatic transanastomotic tubes in association with the corrective hepaticojejunostomy. AIM: To report a 20 years experience on biliary reconstruction of bile duct injuries with the use of transhepatic transanastomotic tubes. METHODS: Data were analysed from 338 patients who underwent operation for major bile duct injuries between January 1988 and December 2009. RESULTS: All the 338 patients were submitted to Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (Hepp-Couinaud approach) or distinct cholangiojejunostomies, all with the use of transhepatic transanastomotic silastic tubes. A successful long-term result was achieved in 240 (92,9 percent) of 338 patients, including those who required subsequent procedures. CONCLUSION: Benign bile duct strictures near the hepatic duct confluence remains a surgical challenge. The use of silastic transhepatic transanastomotic tubes in high biliary tract reconstruction is an option which can provides a successful repair of bile duct injuries with low complication rates.