ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the ocular effects seen among eye cosmetic wearers in the Indian Population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on female participants who had fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed history was obtained and thorough ophthalmic evaluation was done. Mann Whitney U test was used. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS. p < .05 was taken as the level of statistical significance. RESULTS: Among a total of 225 participants in our study, the mean age was 24.23 ± 1.8, which comprised of young student females. Majority of the females used one eye cosmetic with Kajal (n = 156) being the most predominant. Most frequently encountered symptom upon using eye cosmetics was watering from eyes and ocular pain was the least encountered symptom. Anterior segment examination showed- allergic conjunctivitis and meibomian gland dysfunction being the most and least predominant, respectively. Our study highlights that Kajal predisposes the eyes to significant ocular morbidity with p = .039 for dry eye disease, p = .041 for allergic conjunctivitis, p = .036 for conjunctival pigmentation. Prolonged use of such formulations for more than 4 times a week (p = .046) or even daily (p = .031) for a duration of either 1-5 years (p = .033) or greater than 5 years (p = .027) was found to be statistically significant in causing ocular signs. Non removal of eye cosmetics at the end of the day was significant in causing allergic conjunctivitis (p = .035) and conjunctival pigmentation (p = .021). Plain tap water has been found to be the least effective technique in the removal of such ocular cosmetics with a statistical significance of p = .031 in causing ocular signs. CONCLUSIONS: Eye cosmetics are a significant contributor to the development of ocular surface diseases. Removal of products along with decreased usage seems to be a significant contributor in dampening unwanted adverse effects.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and estimate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of Indian fresh medical graduates with respect to ophthalmic emergencies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1300 participants who had completed compulsory rotatory residential internship with the help of a questionnaire distributed through social platforms. The Chi-square and Pearson's coefficient relation tests were used. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS. P <0.05 was taken as the level of statistical significance. RESULTS: Good knowledge proportionately corresponded to a good attitude with statistical significance (P = 0.000). Participants with good practice also had a good attitude with significance (P = 0.001). Good knowledge participants who managed ophthalmic emergencies were statistically significant than that of participants with poor knowledge and managed ophthalmic emergencies, 15.72%. (χ2 = 16.653, P = 0.000). Attitude toward confidence in the management of ophthalmic emergencies and their willingness in undergoing training was significant (χ2 = 43.8, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Educating and training fresh medical graduates can help in the management and mitigation of ophthalmic emergencies to reduce ocular morbidity and prevent blindness to a greater degree.