Incontinência Urinária e Qualidade de Vida em uma Unidade de Atenção Primária: Estudo Piloto / Urinary Incontinence and Quality of Life in a Primary Health Care Unit: a Pilot Study / Incontinencia Urinaria y Calidad de Vida en una Unidad de Atención Primaria: Estudio Piloto

Objetivo:Identificar a prevalência de incontinência urinária (IU) e avaliar a qualidade de vida de mulheres atendidas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) comparando a qualidade de vida geral de mulheres continentes e incontinentes. Métodos: Estudo piloto exploratório-descritivo, transversal e quantitativo. Amostra composta por mulheres acima de 18 anos que procuraram a UBS por qualquer motivo. Coleta de dados realizada no período de agosto a dezembro de 2021, por meio de um questionário padronizado com características demográficas, socioeconômicas, obstétricas, queixas urinárias e qualidade de vida. Resultados: Participaram 53 mulheres com idade média de 44,49 (± 15,38) anos. A maioria das mulheres se autodeclarou parda (62,3%), casada ou em união estável (52,8%), exercendo atividade ocupacional remunerada (64,2%); 35,8% das mulheres foram diagnosticadas como incontinentes, relatando perder urina uma vez por semana, quando tossem ou espirram, exercendo um impacto moderado na qualidade de vida. As diferenças nos valores dos domínios da qualidade de vida possuem correlação estatística significativa entre os grupos de mulheres continentes e incontinentes. Conclusão: As queixas urinárias prevalecem em uma parcela significativa das mulheres, e a IU é um fator capaz de impactar negativamente a qualidade de vida, porém se faz necessário comprovar os achados em uma amostra significante.

Objective:Characterize urinary incontinence (UI) prevalence and assess the quality of life (QoL) of women treated at a primary health care unit in order to compare the general QoL of continent and incontinent women. Methods: An exploratory-descriptive, cross-sectional pilot study with a quantitative approach. Sample composed of women over 18 years old who went to the unit for any reason. Data collection carried out from August to December 2021, through a standardized questionnaire with information on demographic, socioeconomic, obstetric, urinary habits and QoL. Results: Fifty-three women with a mean age of 44.49 (± 15.38) years participated. Most women declared themselves to be brown (62.3%), married or in a stable union (52.8%), exercising paid occupational activity (64.2%). As for urinary characteristics, 35.8% were diagnosed as incontinent, reporting that they lost urine once a week when they coughed or sneezed, and that this had a moderate impact on QoL. The differences in the values of QoL domains have a statistically significant correlation between the continent and incontinent groups. Conclusion: Urinary complaints prevail in a significant portion of women and UI is a factor capable of negatively impacting QoL, but it is necessary to prove the findings in a significant sample

Objetivo:Caracterizar la prevalencia de incontinencia urinaria (IU) y evaluar la calidad de vida de mujeres atendidas en una unidad básica de salud, comparando la calidad de vida general de mujeres continentes e incontinentes. Métodos:Estudio piloto exploratorio-descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo. Muestra compuesta por mujeres mayores de 18 años que acudieron a la Unidad Básica de Salud por cualquier motivo. Recolección de datos realizada de agosto a diciembre de 2021, a través de un cuestionario estandarizado con características demográficas, socioeconómicas, obstétricas, urinarias y de calidad de vida. Resultados: Participaron 53 mujeres con una edad media de 44,49 (± 15,38) años. La mayoría de las mujeres se declaró parda (62,3%), casada o en unión estable (52,8%), ejerciendo actividad laboral remunerada (64,2%). El 35,8% de las mujeres fueron diagnosticadas como incontinentes, relatando que perdían orina una vez por semana al toser o estornudar, ejerciendo un impacto moderado en la calidad de vida. Las diferencias en los valores de los dominios de calidad de vida tienen una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos de mujeres continentes e incontinentes. Conclusión: Las quejas urinarias prevalecen en una porción significativa de mujeres y la IU es un factor capaz de impactar negativamente en la calidad de vida, pero es necesario comprobar los hallazgos en una muestra significativa.

Scale of pregnant women's assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice related to urinary incontinence.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Urinary incontinence (UI) is prevalent during pregnancy and negatively affects quality of life. Despite this, few women seek professional assistance during prenatal care. Assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of pregnant women related to UI can contribute to the development and improvement of the quality of interventions performed during this period. For this, it is essential to apply targeted and valid instruments for this population. Thus, the present study aimed to construct and validate the content of a scale to evaluate the KAP of pregnant women related to UI. METHODS: Extensive literature review guided the operationalization of the instrument's initial items. Ten experts were selected for the theoretical analysis of the items, which was carried out using the Delphi technique, and the analysis of semantic adequacy proceeded from the application of the scale to 30 pregnant women. The data were analyzed using the content validity coefficient and kappa coefficient. RESULTS: The proposed Scale of Pregnant Women's Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice related to UI was approved by consensus by the experts, with a mean Cohen's kappa of 0.84 (p < 0.01), comprising 23 items. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study confirm that the presented scale can be used as a valid tool to assess the KAP of pregnant women related to UI.

Symptomatic and anatomic improvement of pelvic organ prolapse in vaginal pessary users.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The vaginal pessary is a conservative method for treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP). It is able to reduce symptoms with minimal complications, improving quality of life (QOL). This study's hypothesis was that the use of pessaries decreases quantitative measures and improves women's QOL. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the use of a ring pessary on the quantitative measurements of POP by the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) and on QOL. METHODS: Prospective cohort study divided in two stages. In stage I POP-Q and QOL were assessed prior to the use of the ring pessary and in stage II after its use for at least 4 months with pessary removal 72 h before clinical evaluation. Wilcoxon tests were performed for necessary comparisons and Spearman's tests for calculating correlations. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-six women were evaluated, of which 50 were included. There was a decrease in POP in at least one of the vaginal compartments in the women included. When assessing individual measures (Ba, Bp and C), reductions in all measures were observed. There was also an improvement in the general and specific quality of life of women. CONCLUSION: The ring pessary proved to be a good therapeutic option, with a reduction in POP-Q measurements and/or absence of POP progression in the short term and an improvement in women's QOL.

Pessary evaluation for genital prolapse treatment: From acceptance to successful fitting.

AIMS: To determine the percentage of women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse who opted for pessary and had a successful pessary fitting trial; to identify the most commonly used size of pessary for stage of prolapse; and to identify risk factors associated with unsuccessful fitting. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of women with symptoms of genital prolapse referred to a public hospital tertiary care clinic (2013-2019). We used ring and ring with support pessaries for fittings. We collected patient demographics, pelvic organ prolapse quantification, size of pessary used and evaluated factors associated with pessary fittings. We defined unsuccessful fit as failure to continue pessary use at 4 weeks post fitting trial. We used Mann-Whitney and χ2 tests to compare variables between groups of successfully and unsuccessfully fitted. Using logistic regression, we built a prediction model for unsuccessful fit. RESULTS: All 170 women with symptomatic prolapse referred to our clinic accepted to undergo a pessary fitting. More than 70% (n = 124/72.9%) were successfully at 4 weeks. We used an average of 1.7 pessaries (range: 1-6) per patient to identify the best-fitting pessary and #2, 5, 3, 7, and 4 were the sizes commonly used (78.2%). Women with body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR]: 4.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.98-11.32; P < .001), total vaginal length <7.5 cm (OR: 3.78; 95% CI, 1.98-11.32; P < .001), and sexually active women (OR: 2.26; 95% CI, 1.04-4.91; P = .035) were associated with increased unsuccessful fitting. CONCLUSION: The vaginal pessary proved to be an excellent choice, with high acceptance and successful fitting rates.

A systematic review of the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of pelvic floor dysfunctions in nurses.

AIM: To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of pelvic floor dysfunctions in female nurses. DESIGN: A systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Searches were conducted in the following five electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, LILACS, SCIELO, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. There were no period or language limitations. REVIEW METHODS: Data extraction and synthesis were conducted and the appraisal of the quality of the studies was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool checklist for prevalence data. RESULTS: A total of 15 studies were included. The symptoms investigated were lower urinary tract symptoms, including urinary incontinence and its subtypes, sexual dysfunctions, constipation, faecal incontinence, and dual incontinence. Overall, prevalence ranged from 9.9% to 89.6%. Associated factors related to occupational roles were lifting heavy weights and poor bladder habits. Quality of life was significantly worse for nurses with pelvic floor disorders. CONCLUSION: Pelvic floor dysfunctions are very common among female nurses, considerably affecting their quality of life. Additional studies are needed to investigate the impact on work productivity, causal relationships with the occupation and the performance of prevention and treatment interventions directed toward this population.

Quality of Life in Women with Defecatory Dysfunctions: Systematic Review of Questionnaires Validated in the Portuguese Language.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the quality of life (QoL) assessment instruments related to the health of women with fecal incontinence (FI) or anal incontinence (AI). DATA SOURCES: Systematic review conducted in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. The descriptors used were: Questionnaire, Questionnaires, Quality of life, validation, validation Studies, anal incontinence, fecal incontinence and constipation. The search was performed between December 26, 2017 and the beginning of January 2018. The limits used were female gender. SELECTION OF STUDIES: Initially, 5,143 articles were obtained in the search. The articles of validation for Portuguese of questionnaires for the evaluation of the impact of FI/AI on the QoL of women were considered eligible. DATA COLLECTION: The article search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guidelines. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of the 5,143 articles, only 2 fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria: Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life (FIQL) and the Wexner scale (WS). The FIQL evaluates the QoL related to FI, not covering flatus incontinence. The WS assesses flatus incontinence and the severity of the AI. The WS obtained an interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.932 and a Cronbach α coefficient > 0.90. The FIQL obtained intraexaminer and interexaminer reproducibility ranging from 0.929 to 0.957 and from 0.944 to 0.969, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The WS and the FIQL have satisfactory reliability and validity for use during gynecological consultations.

OBJETIVO: Identificar os instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade de vida (QV) relacionados à saúde de mulheres com incontinência fecal (IF) ou incontinência anal (IA). FONTES DOS DADOS: Revisão sistemática nas bases de dados da BVS, PubMed e Biblioteca Cochrane. Os descritores usados foram: Questionnaire, Questionnaires, Quality of life, validation, validation Studies, anal incontinence, fecal incontinence e constipation. A pesquisa foi realizada entre 26 de dezembro de 2017 até o início de janeiro de 2018. Os limites utilizados foram sexo feminino. SELEçãO DOS ESTUDOS: Inicialmente, 5.143 artigos foram obtidos na pesquisa. Os artigos de validação para o português de questionários de avaliação do impacto da IF/IA na QV das mulheres foram considerados elegíveis. COLETA DE DADOS: A busca de artigos foi conduzida de acordo com as diretrizes do Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Meta-análises (PRISMA, na sigla em inglês). SíNTESES DOS DADOS: Dos 5.143 artigos, apenas 2 preencheram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão: Qualidade de Vida em Incontinência Fecal (FIQL, na sigla em inglês) e Escala de Wexner (WS, na sigla em inglês). O FIQL avalia a QV relacionada à FI, não abrangendo a incontinência de gases. O WS avalia a incontinência dos flatos e a gravidade da IA. O WS obteve um coeficiente de correlação interclasse (ICC, na sigla em inglês) de 0,932 e alfa de Cronbach > 0,90. O FIQL obteve reprodutibilidade intraexaminador e interexaminador variando de 0,929 a 0,957 e de 0,944 a 0,969, respectivamente. CONCLUSõES: O WS e o FIQL têm confiabilidade e validade satisfatória para uso durante consultas ginecológicas.

Quality of life in women with defecatory dysfunctions: systematic review of questionnaires validated in the portuguese language / Qualidade de vida em mulheres com disfunções defecatórias: revisão sistemática de questionários validados para a língua portuguesa

Abstract Objective To identify the quality of life (QoL) assessment instruments related to the health of women with fecal incontinence (FI) or anal incontinence (AI). Data Sources Systematic review conducted in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. The descriptors used were: Questionnaire, Questionnaires, Quality of life, validation, validation Studies, anal incontinence, fecal incontinence and constipation. The search was performed between December 26, 2017 and the beginning of January 2018. The limits used were female gender. Selection of Studies Initially, 5,143 articles were obtained in the search. The articles of validation for Portuguese of questionnaires for the evaluation of the impact of FI/AI on the QoL of women were considered eligible. Data Collection The article search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guidelines. Data Synthesis Of the 5,143 articles, only 2 fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria: Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life (FIQL) and the Wexner scale (WS). The FIQL evaluates the QoL related to FI, not covering flatus incontinence. The WS assesses flatus incontinence and the severity of the AI. The WS obtained an interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.932 and a Cronbach α coefficient > 0.90. The FIQL obtained intraexaminer and interexaminer reproducibility ranging from 0.929 to 0.957 and from 0.944 to 0.969, respectively. Conclusions The WS and the FIQL have satisfactory reliability and validity for use during gynecological consultations.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar os instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade de vida (QV) relacionados à saúde de mulheres com incontinência fecal (IF) ou incontinência anal (IA). Fontes dos dados Revisão sistemática nas bases de dados da BVS, PubMed e Biblioteca Cochrane. Os descritores usados foram: Questionnaire, Questionnaires, Quality of life, validation, validation Studies, anal incontinence, fecal incontinence e constipation. A pesquisa foi realizada entre 26 de dezembro de 2017 até o início de janeiro de 2018. Os limites utilizados foram sexo feminino. Seleção dos estudos Inicialmente, 5.143 artigos foram obtidos na pesquisa. Os artigos de validação para o português de questionários de avaliação do impacto da IF/IA na QV das mulheres foram considerados elegíveis. Coleta de dados A busca de artigos foi conduzida de acordo com as diretrizes do Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Meta-análises (PRISMA, na sigla em inglês). Sínteses dos dados Dos 5.143 artigos, apenas 2 preencheram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão: Qualidade de Vida em Incontinência Fecal (FIQL, na sigla em inglês) e Escala de Wexner (WS, na sigla em inglês). O FIQL avalia a QV relacionada à FI, não abrangendo a incontinência de gases. O WS avalia a incontinência dos flatos e a gravidade da IA. O WS obteve um coeficiente de correlação interclasse (ICC, na sigla em inglês) de 0,932 e alfa de Cronbach > 0,90. O FIQL obteve reprodutibilidade intraexaminador e interexaminador variando de 0,929 a 0,957 e de 0,944 a 0,969, respectivamente. Conclusões O WS e o FIQL têm confiabilidade e validade satisfatória para uso durante consultas ginecológicas.

Women's knowledge, attitude and practice related to urinary incontinence: systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) investigations lead to an understanding of what a particular population group knows, thinks and does in relation to a certain subject. METHODS: This systematic review was conducted to identify women's KAP related to urinary incontinence (UI) described in the literature and the measurement/evaluation instruments used. A literature search, up to July 2017, was conducted in PUBMED, SCOPUS and BVS (Virtual Health Library) for articles dealing with women's KAP related to UI that described the validation procedure of any data collection instrument. Articles that investigated exclusively male subjects, provider performance or academic teaching strategies were excluded. Relevant studies were analyzed and briefly summarized. RESULTS: Initially, 799 articles were retrieved. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 remained for reading and summarizing. There has been interest in identifying and evaluating some of the KAP elements related to UI since 1994, with a wide variety of validated instruments used. Knowledge was evaluated in 15 articles and all concluded that there was misinformation about UI in the populations studied. Seven articles studied the intention to seek healthcare for UI, among which only one evidenced an adequate attitude in more than 70% of the participants. All the articles that investigated practice revealed low rates of seeking care. CONCLUSIONS: The KAP elements are influenced by specific questions in each of the studied populations, leading to unique results, which indicates the importance of investigations using standardized data collection instruments that have psychometric validity tested in the target populations.

Sexual function of undergraduate women: a comparative study between Brazil and Italy.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the sexual function of Italian and Brazilian nursing students using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), to estimate the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions and related factors. METHOD: this is a cross-sectional study involving 84 Brazilian and 128 Italian undergraduate. For the evaluation of sexual function, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire was used. RESULTS: Italian women presented significantly higher sexual dysfunction index (n=78/60.9%) than the Brazilian women (n=32/38.1%) (p=0.00). Only the "desire" and "excitation" domains showed no difference between groups. Younger, single and without a steady relationship women had a higher rate of sexual dysfunction (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: the high rate of sexual dysfunction in a young public suggests the need for more research to increase knowledge about the influence of psychosocial and related factors on female sexual function, directing care towards the promotion of sexual and reproductive health.

The effectiveness of post-partum interventions to prevent urinary incontinence: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the effectiveness of post-partum interventions to prevent urinary incontinence: a systematic review. METHOD: systematic review of randomized controlled studies conducted in the MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus and the Virtual Library on Health (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, BVS) databases. RESULTS: six articles were included in this review. All studies used the Pelvic Floor Muscle Training as the main procedure to prevent urinary incontinence. The results pointed to a positive and effective intervention in the post-partum period. CONCLUSION: there is evidence that programs of exercise of the pelvic floor musculature performed both in the immediate and late post-partum result in a significant increase in muscle strength and contribute to prevent urinary incontinence.

Costs and mortality rates of surgical approaches to hysterectomy in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the costs of hysterectomies performed in Brazil due to benign conditions, and to assess its hospital admittance and mortality rates. METHODS: A retrospective cohort was carried out from January 2010 to December 2014, analyzing all hysterectomies (n = 428,346) registered on the DATASUS database between January 2010 and December 2014. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 for Windows. RESULTS: Hospital admissions were 300,231 for total abdominal hysterectomies, 46,056 for vaginal hysterectomies, 29,959 for subtotal abdominal hysterectomies and 1,522 for laparoscopic hysterectomies. Mortality rates were 0.26%, 0.09%, 0.07% and 0.05% for subtotal, total abdominal, laparoscopic, and vaginal hysterectomies, respectively. Among the procedures studied, total abdominal hysterectomies had the most costs (R$217,802,574.77), followed by vaginal hysterectomies (R$24,173,490.00), subtotal abdominal hysterectomies (R$19.253.300,00) and laparoscopic hysterectomies (R$794,680.40). CONCLUSIONS: Total abdominal hysterectomies had the highest overall costs mainly because it was the most commonly performed technique. Mortality rates were greatest in subtotal abdominal hysterectomies; this, however, may be due to bias related to missing data in our database.

Sexual function of undergraduate women: a comparative study between Brazil and Italy / La función sexual de universitarias: estudio comparativo entre Brasil e Italia / Função sexual de universitárias: estudo comparativo entre Brasil e Itália

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the sexual function of Italian and Brazilian nursing students using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), to estimate the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions and related factors. Method: this is a cross-sectional study involving 84 Brazilian and 128 Italian undergraduate. For the evaluation of sexual function, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire was used. Results: Italian women presented significantly higher sexual dysfunction index (n=78/60.9%) than the Brazilian women (n=32/38.1%) (p=0.00). Only the "desire" and "excitation" domains showed no difference between groups. Younger, single and without a steady relationship women had a higher rate of sexual dysfunction (p<0.05). Conclusion: the high rate of sexual dysfunction in a young public suggests the need for more research to increase knowledge about the influence of psychosocial and related factors on female sexual function, directing care towards the promotion of sexual and reproductive health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la función sexual de académicas italianas y brasileñas de enfermería utilizando el Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), estimar el predominio de las disfunciones sexuales y los factores relacionados. Método: estudio transversal, de lo cual participaron 212 universitarias, siendo 84 brasileñas y 128 italianas. Para evaluar la función sexual, se utilizó el cuestionario Female Sexual Function Index(FSFI). Resultados: Las italianas presentaron índice de disfunción sexual significativamente superior (n=78/60,9%) en comparación con el de las brasileñas (n=32/38,1%) (p=0,00). Sólo los dominios "deseo" y "excitación" no presentaron diferencia entre los grupos. Las mujeres más jóvenes, solteras y sin relación estable presentaron un índice de disfunción sexual más alto (p<0,05). Conclusión: el elevado índice de disfunción sexual en un público tan joven sugiere la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones que incrementen el conocimiento sobre la influencia de los factores psicosociales y relacionales en la función sexual femenina, dirigiendo el cuidado para la promoción de la salud sexual y reproductiva.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a função sexual de acadêmicas de enfermagem italianas e brasileiras utilizando o Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), estimar a prevalência das disfunções sexuais e os fatores relacionados. Método: estudo transversal, o qual participaram 212 universitárias, sendo 84 brasileiras e 128 italianas. Para a avaliação da função sexual, empregou-se o questionário Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Resultados: As italianas apresentaram índice de disfunção sexual significativamente superior (n=78/60,9%) do que as brasileiras (n=32/38,1%) (p=0,00). Apenas os domínios "desejo" e "excitação" não apresentaram diferença entre os grupos. As mulheres mais jovens, solteiras e sem relacionamento estável apresentaram índice de disfunção sexual maior (p<0,05). Conclusão: o elevado índice de disfunção sexual em um público tão jovem sugere a necessidade da realização de mais investigações que incrementem o conhecimento sobre a influência dos fatores psicossociais e relacionais na função sexual feminina, direcionando o cuidado para a promoção da saúde sexual e reprodutiva.

Costs and mortality rates of surgical approaches to hysterectomy in Brazil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the costs of hysterectomies performed in Brazil due to benign conditions, and to assess its hospital admittance and mortality rates. METHODS A retrospective cohort was carried out from January 2010 to December 2014, analyzing all hysterectomies (n = 428,346) registered on the DATASUS database between January 2010 and December 2014. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 for Windows. RESULTS Hospital admissions were 300,231 for total abdominal hysterectomies, 46,056 for vaginal hysterectomies, 29,959 for subtotal abdominal hysterectomies and 1,522 for laparoscopic hysterectomies. Mortality rates were 0.26%, 0.09%, 0.07% and 0.05% for subtotal, total abdominal, laparoscopic, and vaginal hysterectomies, respectively. Among the procedures studied, total abdominal hysterectomies had the most costs (R$217,802,574.77), followed by vaginal hysterectomies (R$24,173,490.00), subtotal abdominal hysterectomies (R$19.253.300,00) and laparoscopic hysterectomies (R$794,680.40). CONCLUSIONS Total abdominal hysterectomies had the highest overall costs mainly because it was the most commonly performed technique. Mortality rates were greatest in subtotal abdominal hysterectomies; this, however, may be due to bias related to missing data in our database.

The effectiveness of post-partum interventions to prevent urinary incontinence: a systematic review / Eficacia de las intervenciones realizadas en el posparto para prevenir la incontinencia urinaria: revisión sistemática / Eficácia das intervenções realizadas no pós-parto para prevenir incontinência urinária: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the effectiveness of post-partum interventions to prevent urinary incontinence: a systematic review. Method: systematic review of randomized controlled studies conducted in the MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus and the Virtual Library on Health (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, BVS) databases. Results: six articles were included in this review. All studies used the Pelvic Floor Muscle Training as the main procedure to prevent urinary incontinence. The results pointed to a positive and effective intervention in the post-partum period. Conclusion: there is evidence that programs of exercise of the pelvic floor musculature performed both in the immediate and late post-partum result in a significant increase in muscle strength and contribute to prevent urinary incontinence.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la eficacia de las intervenciones realizadas en el posparto para prevenir la incontinencia urinaria. Método: revisión sistemática de estudios aleatorizados controlados, realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud - BVS. Resultados: seis artículos fueron incluidos en la revisión. Todos los estudios utilizaron el Entrenamiento de la Musculatura del Piso Pélvico como intervención principal para prevenir la incontinencia urinaria y los resultados de las intervenciones apunta a un efecto positivo y eficaz del mismo en el posparto. Conclusión: hay evidencias de que programas de ejercicios de la musculatura del piso pélvico realizados tanto en el posparto inmediato como en el tardío resultan en un aumento significativo de la fuerza muscular y contribuyen a la prevención de la incontinencia urinaria.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a eficácia das intervenções realizadas no pós-parto para prevenção da incontinência urinária. Método: revisão sistemática de estudos randomizados controlados realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BVS. Resultados: seis artigos foram inclusos na revisão. Todos os estudos utilizaram o Treinamento da Musculatura do Assoalho Pélvico como intervenção principal para prevenção da incontinência urinária e os resultados das intervenções apontaram para um efeito positivo e eficaz do mesmo no pós-parto. Conclusão: há evidências de que programas de exercícios da musculatura do assoalho pélvico realizados tanto no pós-parto imediato quanto no tardio resultam em aumento significativo da força muscular e contribuem para a prevenção da incontinência urinária.

Impact of urinary incontinence types on women's quality of life. / Impacto dos tipos de incontinência urinária na qualidade de vida de mulheres.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the most frequent type of urinary incontinence in women assisted in two outpatient clinics of urogynecology, and to compare general and specific quality of life among the different types of incontinence measured through validated questionnaires. METHOD: Cross-sectional study conducted at the urogynecology outpatient clinic. The following questionnaires were used for quality of life assessment: Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), International Consultation Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF), King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12). RESULTS: The study included 556 women. Mixed Urinary Incontinence was the most frequent type (n=348/62.6%), followed by Stress Urinary Incontinence (n=173/31.1%) and Urge Urinary Incontinence (n=35/6.3%). Women with mixed urinary incontinence had greater impact on the general (SF-36) and specific quality of life (KHQ and ICIQ-SF) compared to the others (p<0.05). In the evaluation of sexual function (PISQ-12), there was no difference between groups (p=0.28). CONCLUSION: All types of urinary incontinence interfere both in the general and specific quality of life, but women with mixed urinary incontinence are the most affected.

Construção e validação de aplicativo educativo para prevenção da incontinência urinária em mulheres após o parto / Construction and validation of an educational application to prevent urinary incontinence in women after childbirth

As Disfunções do Assoalho Pélvico são condições clínicas comuns que acometem mulheres em idades variadas, sendo a Incontinência Urinária (IU) a mais prevalente. Estima-se que uma em cada quatro mulheres tenha algum tipo de perda urinária. Durante o puerpério são descritas taxas maiores, estimadas entre 27 e 33%. Dentre os fatores de risco para o seu desenvolvimento estão os fatores obstétricos e o avançar da idade. Contudo, a literatura revela que a IU pode ser evitada na maioria dos casos e aponta o Treinamento dos Músculos do Assoalho Pélvico como medida recomendada e com resultados positivos. Apesar disso, percebe-se um desconhecimento por parte das mulheres sobre as formas de prevenção. Nesse contexto, a educação em saúde mediada por tecnologia educativa surge como estratégia para capacitar os indivíduos a adotarem comportamentos positivos em relação à sua saúde. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi construir e validar um aplicativo educativo como tecnologia para prevenção da incontinência urinária em mulheres após o parto. Tratou-se de um estudo de desenvolvimento tecnológico, que consiste em construir e desenvolver softwares e outras estratégias tecnológicas. A construção do aplicativo se deu em quatro etapas: modelagem, projeto de navegação, design abstrato da interface e implementação. A etapa de modelagem foi respaldada pela revisão sistemática das intervenções eficazes realizadas no pós-parto para prevenir a incontinência urinária. Ainda nessa etapa foram decididos os temas a serem abordados no aplicativo e a forma como estes seriam apresentados. Na etapa de projeto de navegação foram elaborados os menus, as imagens e a forma de organização dos dados. A aparência do aplicativo foi decidida com a ajuda de um programador de sistemas na fase de interface abstrata. Na última etapa, o aplicativo foi implementado para as plataformas Android e iOS. No processo de validação, foram convidados vinte e dois especialistas (onze especialistas da área da saúde e onze, das áreas de tecnologia da informação/computação/comunicação) e vinte e duas puérperas para avaliar o aplicativo educativo quanto ao conteúdo e a aparência. O aplicativo foi validado com IVC de 0,93 na avaliação dos especialistas da saúde e percentual de concordância variando de 81,8% a 100% avaliação dos especialistas e do público-alvo quanto a aparência. Nesta etapa foram identificados pontos de ajustes em relação ao conteúdo e interface do aplicativo que foram considerados e corrigidos. Realizadas as modificações solicitadas, o aplicativo encontra-se validado para utilização como tecnologia educativa para prevenção da incontinência urinária em mulheres no pós-parto (AU).

Impacto dos tipos de incontinência urinária na qualidade de vida de mulheres / Impacto de los tipos de incontinencia urinaria en la calidad de vida de mujeres / Impact of urinary incontinence types on women's quality of life

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar o tipo de incontinência urinária mais frequente em mulheres assistidas em dois ambulatórios de uroginecologia e comparar a qualidade de vida geral e específica entre os diferentes tipos de incontinência, mensurada por meio de questionários validados. Método Estudo transversal, realizado no ambulatório de uroginecologia. A avaliação da qualidade de vida foi obtida através dos questionários Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), International Consultation Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF), King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) e Pelvic Organ Prolapse Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12). Resultados Participaram do estudo 556 mulheres. Identificou-se a Incontinência Urinária Mista como a mais frequente (n=348/62,6%), seguida pela Incontinência Urinária de Esforço (n=173/31,1%) e de Urgência (n=35/6,3%). As mulheres com incontinência urinária mista apresentaram maior impacto na qualidade de vida geral (SF-36) e específica (KHQ e ICIQ-SF) quando comparadas às demais (p<0,05). Na avaliação da função sexual (PISQ-12), não houve diferença entre os grupos (p=0,28). Conclusão Todos os tipos de incontinência urinária interferem tanto na qualidade de vida geral como na específica, contudo as mulheres com incontinência urinária mista são as mais afetadas.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar el tipo de incontinencia urinaria más frecuente en mujeres asistidas en dos ambulatorios de uroginecología y comparar la calidad de vida general y específica entre los diferentes tipos de incontinencia, medida por medio de cuestionarios validados. Método Estudio transversal realizado en el ambulatorio de uroginecología. La evaluación de la calidad de vida se obtuvo mediante los cuestionarios Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), International Consultation Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF), King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) y Pelvic Organ Prolapse Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12). Resultados Participaron en el estudio 556 mujeres. Se identificó la Incontinencia Urinaria Mixta como la más frecuente (n=348/62,6%), seguida de la Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo (n=173/31,1%) y de Urgencia (n=35/6,3%). Las mujeres con incontinencia urinaria mixta presentaron mayor impacto en la calidad de vida general (SF-36) y específica (KHQ y ICIQ-SF) cuando comparadas con las demás (p<0,05). En la evaluación de la función sexual (PISQ-12), no hubo diferencia entre los grupos (p=0,28). Conclusión Todos los tipos de incontinencia urinaria interfieren tanto en la calidad de vida general como en la específica, sin embargo las mujeres con incontinencia urinaria mixta son las más afectadas.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the most frequent type of urinary incontinence in women assisted in two outpatient clinics of urogynecology, and to compare general and specific quality of life among the different types of incontinence measured through validated questionnaires. Method Cross-sectional study conducted at the urogynecology outpatient clinic. The following questionnaires were used for quality of life assessment: Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), International Consultation Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF), King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12). Results The study included 556 women. Mixed Urinary Incontinence was the most frequent type (n=348/62.6%), followed by Stress Urinary Incontinence (n=173/31.1%) and Urge Urinary Incontinence (n=35/6.3%). Women with mixed urinary incontinence had greater impact on the general (SF-36) and specific quality of life (KHQ and ICIQ-SF) compared to the others (p<0.05). In the evaluation of sexual function (PISQ-12), there was no difference between groups (p=0.28). Conclusion All types of urinary incontinence interfere both in the general and specific quality of life, but women with mixed urinary incontinence are the most affected.

Intervenções para prevenção da incontinência urinária durante o pré-natal: revisão integrativa / Interventions for the prevention of urinary incontinence during prenatal care: an integrative review / Intervenciones para la prevención de la incontinencia urinaria durante la atención prenatal: examen integrador

OBJETIVO: avaliar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre intervenções para prevenir incontinência urinária em gestantes durante o acompanhamento pré-natal. MÉTODO: revisão integrativa da literatura (RI). A busca foi realizada em outubro de 2014 nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL e Cochrane. Onze artigos compuseram a amostra da RI. RESULTADOS: todos os artigos foram publicados no idioma inglês; sete deles identificados na base de dados PubMed, e quatro na Cochrane. A maior parte dos trabalhos avaliados utilizaram intervenções cognitivas e comportamentais, sendo o treino da musculatura do assoalho pélvico o principal tratamento para prevenir e tratar a incontinência urinária durante a gestação. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados obtidos podem cooperar para o aperfeiçoamento da assistência da mulher no ciclo gravídico-puerperal.

AIM: to evaluate the evidence available in literature on interventions to prevent urinary incontinence in pregnant women during prenatal care. METHOD: an integrative literature review (RI) conducted in October 2014 using the LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases. Eleven articles were included in the sample. RESULTS: All of the articles were published in English; seven of them were identified in the PubMed database, and four in Cochrane. Most of this work used cognitive and behavioral interventions, with the training of the musculature of the pelvic floor as a main treatment for preventing and treating urinary incontinence during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: the results can work jointly to improve the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth.

OBJETIVO: evaluar las evidencias disponibles en la literatura sobre intervenciones para prevenir la incontinencia urinaria en mujeres embarazadas durante el seguimiento prenatal. MÉTODO: revisión integradora de la literatura (RI). En octubre de 2014 se realizó la búsqueda en las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL y Cochrane. Once artículos componen la muestra de RI. RESULTADOS: todos los artículos fueron publicados en inglés; siete de ellos identificados en la base de datos PubMed y cuatro en Cochrane. La mayoría de los trabajos evaluados utilizaron intervenciones cognitivas y comportamentales, el entrenamiento de los músculos del piso pélvico es el principal tratamiento para la prevención y tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria durante el embarazo. CONCLUSIÓN: los resultados obtenidos pueden cooperar para mejorar la asistencia de la mujer en el ciclo puerperal.