Comparative Feasibility of Oxidative Stress and Immune-Inflammatory Response Induced in the Secondary Intermediate Host by Different Viability Status of the Hydatid Cysts.

BACKGROUND: Echinococcosis is a common health problem in the Mediterranean and the Middle East. Many hydatid cysts remain asymptomatic, even in advanced age due to the slow growth of the parasite. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the oxidative and inflammatory responses in rats' echinococcosis induced by three different viability statuses of the Echinococcus granulosus (G6) as diagnostic markers. METHODS: Forty-eight male albino rats were injected intraperitoneally with three different viability statuses of the hydatid cyst fluid of the camel strain. The groups included: the negative control group (1), the low viable protoscoleces (2), the high viable protoscoleces fluid (3) not viable and not completely transformed to the calcareous status of protoscoleces fluid (4). Serum was harvested at the end of each week from the 9th to the 12th week post-infection for measuring the oxidative stress by total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and lipid peroxide (Malondialdehyde) (Malondialdehyde or MDA). Splenic tissues from different groups were collected for histopathological examination. RESULTS: The results showed a histopathological change, a significant decrease in TAC levels, and an increase in malondialdehyde, the TNF-α, and IL-10 levels of the infected groups compared with the uninfected group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study concluded that echinococcosis induced severe oxidative stress and inflammatory responses including tissue necrosis and tissue degeneration are the factors that can be used in the early stages of infection, avoiding hazards of contamination.

CD3/TCRE Expression and Immunoregulatory Milieu Induced in a Secondary Intermediate Host by Different Phases of Hydatid Cyst.

BACKGROUND: Echinococcosis is a common health problem in the Mediterranean and the Middle East, and manifests without any symptoms, even in the advanced stages. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the cell mediated-immunoregulatory milieu in rats' echinococcosis induced by three different viability status of Echinococcus granulosus especially in the semi-calcareous stage, which can be used as novel biomarkers to monitor disease progression and open the door to a deeper understanding of the pathways that could contribute to complementary echinococcosis therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rat infection with echinococcosis was induced by three different viable statuses of Echinococcus granulosus (G6) camel strain. During the different stages of parasitic infection, blood serum was harvested from rats containing low-, high-, and not viable (not completely transformed to the calcareous status) protoscoleces fluid. The host Th1/Th2 cytokines-mediated immune cell activation, as well as CD3/TCRE immunoregulation, and proliferation responses were investigated; especially in the semi-calcareous stage as this is the first report characterizing this stage. RESULTS: Both IFN-γ and IL-6 levels significantly increased in the infected groups (P < 0.05), in addition, increased positive immunoreactions in splenic tissue for both CD3/TCRE and Ki-67 monoclonal antibodies. CONCLUSION: E. granuloses infection-induced immune tolerance is involved in disease progression, and modulates the activation and regulation of host immune response, even in the early stages of infection, rather than the last stages of viability (semi-calcareous) is not neglected stage. This study is the first to report that the semi-calcareous stage causes a severe immunological response.