Eucalyptus Essential Oil Based Nanoemulsions: Preparation and Biological Activities.

Eucalyptus essential oil has remarkable industrial importance and biological properties due to its effectiveness against various diseases, reported throughout human history. Despite the extraordinary bioactivities of essential oil, its applications are limited due to volatility, insolubility in water, and less stability. Formulation of nanoemulsion is the best way to enhance the bio-efficacy of this essential oil and eliminate the factors responsible for limited application. This review article compiles the information regarding formulation of Eucalyptus essential oil-based nanoemulsion and their several biological activities and medicinal properties including antibacterial, antifungal, larvicidal, insecticidal, and cytotoxic activities etc. The bio-efficacy of essential oil-based nanoemulsion has also been found to be enhanced as compared utilization of essential oil alone. This review can be beneficial for researchers working on medicinal plant-based natural products, specifically containing Eucalyptus essential oil, to explore new research horizons in this emerging field.

Association of Oral Submucous Fibrosis Risk with GSTM1 and GSTT1 Gene Polymorphisms.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, de Montmorency, College of Dentistry/ Punjab Dental Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from 1st April 2019 to 31st April 2020. METHODOLOGY: OSF patients were diagnosed with different clinical staging of mouth opening by Vernier caliper with the help of a professional dentist in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, de Montmorency, College of Dentistry, Lahore. One hundred and eight blood samples of OSF patients and 108 samples of normal controls were collected. Genomic DNA was obtained from whole-blood extraction. Multiplex PCR amplification using GSTM1, GSTT1, and ß -Globin gene primers was performed. RESULTS: GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes frequencies were found in 43.5% (47/108) and 13.9% (15/108) of controls, whereas 54.6% (59/108) and 25.9% (28/108) of OSF patients, respectively. OSF patients had a greater frequency rate of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes than controls [OR 1.56, 95% CI 0.91-2.67 (p=0.13)] and [OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.08-4.34 (p=0.04)], respectively. The GSTT1 genotype was found statistically significant with OSF (p=0.05), and risk was also determined. The cumulative effect of null genotypes of GSTM1/GSTT1 did not show any association with the controls and in OSF patients. Proportions of active and null alleles of the patient group were; 86.1%/13.9%; and in control, it was 92.6%/7.4% (OR = 2.01; CI: 0.82-4.97; p=0.18), respectively. CONCLUSION: The study determined a statistically significant association of GSTT1 gene polymorphism with OSF. KEY WORDS: Oral submucous fibrosis, GSTM1, GSTT1, Gene polymorphisms, Genetic risk.

A comparative analysis of three distinct fractional derivatives for a second grade fluid with heat generation and chemical reaction.

This article provides a comparison among the generalized Second Grade fluid flow described by three recently proposed fractional derivatives i.e. Atangana Baleanu fractional derivative in Caputo sense (ABC), Caputo Fabrizio (CF) and Constant Proportional-Caputo hybrid (CPC) fractional derivative. The heat mass transfer is observed during the flow past a vertical porous plate that is accelerated exponentially under the effects of the Magneto hydro dynamics. The effects of the heat generation and exponential heating in the temperature boundary layer and chemical reaction at the concentration boundary layer are also analyzed in this article. The flow model is described by three partial differential equations and the set of non-dimensional PDE's is transformed into ODE's by utilization of the integral transform technique (Laplace transform). For the better understanding of the rheological properties of the Second Grade fluid we used the CF, ABC and CPC operators to describe the memory effects. The analytical exact solution of the problem is obtained in the form of G-functions and Mittag Leffler functions. For the physical significance of flow parameters, different parameters are graphed. From this analysis it is concluded that the CPC is the most suitable operator to describe the memory effects.

Time fractional Yang-Abdel-Cattani derivative in generalized MHD Casson fluid flow with heat source and chemical reaction.

This present research article investigates the exact analytical solution for the mathematical model of the generalized Casson fluid flow by using the new fractional operator with Rabotnov exponential kernel i.e. Yang-Abdel-Cattani operator. The impacts of heat source, magnetic hydrodynamics and chemical reactions on the flow of fractional Casson fluid through a vertical flat plate are studied in this article. For the sake of a better interpretation of the rheological behavior of Casson fluid we have used the new operator of fractional order with exponential kernel of Rabotnov known as Yang-Abdel-Cattani operator of fractional derivative. By making use of the technique of Laplace transform we have find the exact analytical solution of the problem in the Mittag-Leffler's form, for all the three governing equations i.e. Velocity, energy and concentration equation. It has been noticed from the literature that it is challenging to obtain analytical results from fractional fluid model derived by the various fractional operators. This article helps to address this issue by providing analytical solutions for fractionalized fluid models. To analyze the physical importance of different fluid parameters such as Schmidt number, Prandtl number, MHD and alpha on the heat, mass and momentum class are presented through graphs. The concentration of the fluid decreases with Schmidth number and temperature of the fluid decreases with the increasing Prandtl number. The velocity of the fluid decreases with increasing MHD effects and increases with increasing Alpha. The Yang-Abdel-Cattani operator of fractional order can describe the memory effects more suitably than the other fractional operators.

Corrigendum: The prospective outcome of the Monkeypox outbreak in 2022 and characterization of monkeypox disease immunobiology.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1196699.].

The prospective outcome of the monkeypox outbreak in 2022 and characterization of monkeypox disease immunobiology.

A new threat to global health re-emerged with monkeypox's advent in early 2022. As of November 10, 2022, nearly 80,000 confirmed cases had been reported worldwide, with most of them coming from places where the disease is not common. There were 53 fatalities, with 40 occurring in areas that had never before recorded monkeypox and the remaining 13 appearing in the regions that had previously reported the disease. Preliminary genetic data suggest that the 2022 monkeypox virus is part of the West African clade; the virus can be transmitted from person to person through direct interaction with lesions during sexual activity. It is still unknown if monkeypox can be transmitted via sexual contact or, more particularly, through infected body fluids. This most recent epidemic's reservoir host, or principal carrier, is still a mystery. Rodents found in Africa can be the possible intermediate host. Instead, the CDC has confirmed that there are currently no particular treatments for monkeypox virus infection in 2022; however, antivirals already in the market that are successful against smallpox may mitigate the spread of monkeypox. To protect against the disease, the JYNNEOS (Imvamune or Imvanex) smallpox vaccine can be given. The spread of monkeypox can be slowed through measures such as post-exposure immunization, contact tracing, and improved case diagnosis and isolation. Final Thoughts: The latest monkeypox epidemic is a new hazard during the COVID-19 epidemic. The prevailing condition of the monkeypox epidemic along with coinfection with COVID-19 could pose a serious condition for clinicians that could lead to the global epidemic community in the form of coinfection.

Numerical exploration of slip effects on second-grade fluid motion over a porous revolving disk with heat and mass transfer.

Revolving-disk systems are employed in various industrial settings including turbine engineering, chemical and food processing industries and others. The current article scrutinizes a second-grade fluid motion generated by an infinite porous disk having partial slip character. Heat transfer induced by heating of the disk surface and by viscous and ohmic heating effects is modeled and analyzed under thermal slip condition. Accompanying mass transfer process with thermophoretic diffusion is also formulated. A self-similar system is obtained akin to the case of no-slip case discussed in a previously published study. The adoption of velocity slip assumption induces non-linearity in the boundary conditions in velocity components. Computational procedure embedded in MATLAB bvp4c platform is opted to simulate the system for full range of slip parameters. In contrast to a previously published work pertaining to the no-slip case, present numerical methodology gives accurate results for wide ranges of Prandtl number and elasticity parameter. Boundary layer formations above the disk are examined under various controlling parameters. A comparative assessment of slip and no-slip cases is presented through both graphical illustrations and tabulated results for the resisting torque, the Nusselt number and the Sherwood number. Current numerical findings match very well with the existing homotopy solutions for the no-slip case. The presence of a wall slip mechanism leads to a clear suppression of all the velocity components. Furthermore, an augmentation in the thermal/concentration slip coefficient significantly reduces the thermal/solutal penetration depth. Additionally, we observe a noticeable increase in the driving torque as the elasticity parameter enhances. The slip action of the surface is also predicted to raise the torque required by the disk.

Healthcare and economic burden of heart failure with amyloidosis: An insight from National Readmission Database.

INTRODUCTION: We analyzed trends, causes and predictors of 30-days readmission in cardiac amyloidosis and inspected the impact of these readmissions on mortality, morbidity, and utilization of healthcare resources. METHODS: Heart Failure with cardiac amyloidosis patients were selected from National readmission Database (NRD) using ICD-10 CM codes. Patients younger than 18 years, elective readmissions, readmissions due to trauma, patients with missing data and December 2018 admissions were excluded. Primary outcome was all-cause 30-day readmissions rate, secondary outcomes were factors associated with 30-days readmissions and their effect on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare resource utilization. RESULTS: Out of 4123 total heart failure with cardiac amyloidosis index admissions in 2018, 3374 patients were included in final analysis. 19.6% were readmitted within 30 days. Readmitted patients were younger, sicker, admitted to small or large hospital. Hypertensive heart and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD Stage I-IV) with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), hypertensive heart and CKD (Stage V) or End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) with CHF, hypertensive heart disease with CHF, acute kidney failure, and sepsis were the most common causes of readmissions. Young age, admission to small and large size hospitals were independent predictors of 30-day readmissions. Readmissions had higher mortality, costed 6.6 extra in hospital days to patients and $16380 per admission to healthcare system. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac amyloidosis readmissions were associated with increased morbidity and mortality of patients and extra burden on the healthcare system. There is a need to identify patients at risk for readmissions to improve patient outcomes and decrease healthcare cost.

Atrial Myxoma: An Unusual Etiology of Ischemic Stroke in an Adult Patient.

Atrial myxoma is the most frequent primary cardiac tumor; however, it is a rare, substantial cause of cardiogenic emboli causing a stroke, especially in young adults. A cardiac myxoma has no specific clinical presentation, ranging from constitutional symptoms to non-cardiac symptoms and emboli, which leads to a diagnostic challenge in the clinical process. We report a case of a left atrial myxoma in an adult female who presented with sudden onset of right-sided weakness, headache, and numbness. Imaging confirmed cardiogenic emboli from the cardiac myxoma, which was reflected in an ischemic stroke.

Targeted therapy using nanocomposite delivery systems in cancer treatment: highlighting miR34a regulation for clinical applications.

The clinical application of microRNAs in modern therapeutics holds great promise to uncover molecular limitations and conquer the unbeatable castle of cancer metastasis. miRNAs play a decisive role that regulating gene expression at the post-transcription level while controlling both the stability and translation capacity of mRNAs. Specifically, miR34a is a master regulator of the tumor suppressor gene, cancer progression, stemness, and drug resistance at the cell level in p53-dependent and independent signaling. With changing, trends in nanotechnology, in particular with the revolution in the field of nanomedicine, nano drug delivery systems have emerged as a prominent strategy in clinical practices coupled with miR34a delivery. Recently, it has been observed that forced miR34a expression in human cancer cell lines and model organisms limits cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting several signaling cascades, with various studies endorsing that miR34a deregulation in cancer cells modulates apoptosis and thus requires targeted nano-delivery systems for cancer treatment. In this sense, the present review aims to provide an overview of the clinical applications of miR34a regulation in targeted therapy of cancer.

Acute Pancreatitis Simulating Myocardial Infarction: A Challenging Case.

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition with varying local and systemic complications and variable severity. Although rare, cardiovascular complications induced by acute pancreatitis are rarely described in the literature. Epigastric pain with acute pancreatitis often simulates electrocardiographic changes in the absence of coronary artery abnormalities, resulting in a diagnostic dilemma for optimal treatment and management. We underline a case of acute pancreatitis complicated by acute coronary syndrome in a patient who presented with chest heaviness, dyspnea, nausea, and worsening epigastric pain associated with vomiting. Clinical and laboratory evaluations and using imaging modalities were suggestive of acute pancreatitis mimicking myocardial infarction (MI) in the absence of coronary artery abnormalities.

Determination of Nutritional and Biochemical Composition of Selected Pleurotus spps.

The global demand for good quality food is going to be increased gradually. Mushrooms are broadly used as healthy nutritious meals. The nutritional values of extracts from four distinct Pleurotus species-Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Pleurotus sapidus, and Pleurotus columbinus-were determined in the current study. Firstly, proximate analysis of selected Pleurotus species was performed followed by the Bradford assay to analyze the protein spectrophotometrically; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed for sugar determination while GC-MS was done to determine fatty acids on organic extracts of selected mushrooms. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the percentages while significance was determined by SPSS statistics. The results depicted that fat, protein, ash, fiber, energy contents, and total carbohydrate were in the range of 0.64-2.02%, 16.07-25.15%, 2.1-9.14%, 6.21-54.12%, 342.20-394.30 kcal/100 g, and 65.66-82.47%, respectively. The protein's maximum concentration was observed in P. ostreatus followed by P. columbinus>P. sajor-caju>P. sapidus, sequentially. Various sugars may or may not be present in selected Pleurotus spps. Among the fatty acids, the prevalence of UFA was more than that of saturated fatty acids among all selected mushrooms. From this study, it is concluded that all four Pleurotus spps. have excellent nutritional composition and can be used as valuable food and a great source of biochemical compounds.

Reliability and validity estimation of Urdu version of Children Emotion Management Scales (CEMS) in Pakistan.

Introduction: The present study aimed to translate and validate Children's Emotion Management Scales into Urdu, the national language of Pakistan. Method: The current study comprised three different phases, i.e., phase I: Cross-language validation over a sample of (N = 169) school children, estimated at a 1-week interval. Results: The results indicate a significant correlation (r = 0.846-0.891) at p < 0.01. In phase II, the internal consistency reliability (r = 0.808-0.904) and split-half reliability (r = 0.737-0.898) of the scale were assessed (N = 683) at p < 0.01. Furthermore, significant results for test-retest reliability analysis (N = 168) were obtained (r = 0.736-0.917 at p < 0.01), following the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (N = 1,083). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on the same sample chosen for CFA. EFA resulted in the retention of original inhibition (INH), dysregulated expression (DYS), and emotional coping (EMO) factors. CFA findings suggest a good model fit. In phase III, convergent validity and divergent validity were checked (N = 385, 255, and 213). Convergent validity of INH and DYS subscales and divergent validity of EMO subscales were established, with SBI (r = 0.217-0.609; 0.210-0.445; -0.026 to -0.553), SHS (r = 0.417-0.441; 0.480-0.546; -0.338 to -0.582), and suppression subscale of ERQ (r = 0.430-0.480; 0.468-0.522; -0.245 to -0.369) at p < 0.01. For divergent validity of INH and DYS subscales and convergent validity of EMO subscales, their scores were correlated with the SPS (r = -0.204 to -0.350; -0.318 to -0.459; 0.191-0.531), RSE Scale (r = -0.226 to -0.351; -0.279 to -0.352; 0.255-0.507), DTS (-0.290 to -0.617; -0.369 to -0.456; 0.246-0.680), and reappraisal subscale of ERQ (r = -0.456 to -0.541; -0.329 to -0.544; 0.446-0.601) at p < 0.01. Discussion: It is concluded that the scale is reliable and valid with sound psychometric properties.

Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: Demographics, Survival Analysis, Racial Disparities, and Genomic Landscape.

Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is the second most common histological subtype of renal cell cancer. This research aims to present a large database study highlighting the demographic, clinical, and pathological factors, racial disparities, prognosis, and survival of PRCC. The clinical and demographic data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, and molecular data was cured from the Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database. PRCC had a median age of diagnosis at 64 years, with a higher incidence in men (77%), and Whites (68%). 70.3% of cases were Grades I-IV (13, 53, 31, and 3%, respectively). In patients with known data, 85% were localized to the kidney, and 84% of cases were 7 cm in size. No metastasis occurred in 97% of the known data. The most common treatment offered was surgical resection (9%). The 5-year overall survival was 79%, with patients undergoing surgery having a 90.6% 5-year survival. Multivariable analysis revealed age > 60 years, Black race, poor histologic differentiation, distant metastases, and tumor size > 10 cm as independent risk factors for mortality. The most common mutations identified from the COSMIC database were MET, KMT2D, KMT2C, ARID1A, and SPEN. PRCC affects male individuals in the sixth decade of life. Increased age, Black race, distant metastases, and tumors > 10 cm are associated with a worse prognosis. Surgical resection offers a favorable survival outcome. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) could identify potentially targetable alterations and future personalized therapeutic approaches.

Biosensing chips for cancer diagnosis and treatment: a new wave towards clinical innovation.

Recent technological advances in nanoscience and material designing have led to the development of point-of-care devices for biomolecule sensing and cancer diagnosis. In situ and portable sensing devices for bedside, diagnosis can effectively improve the patient's clinical outcomes and reduce the mortality rate. Detection of exosomal RNAs by immuno-biochip with increased sensitivity and specificity to diagnose cancer has raised the understanding of the tumor microenvironment and many other technology-based biosensing devices hold great promise for clinical innovations to conquer the unbeatable fort of cancer metastasis. Electrochemical biosensors are the most sensitive category of biomolecule detection sensors with significantly low concentrations down to the atomic level. In this sense, this review addresses the recent advances in cancer detection and diagnosis by developing significant biological sensing devices that are believed to have better sensing potential than existing facilities.

A Comprehensive Review of the Management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an inflammatory process in the lungs that induces non-hydrostatic protein-rich pulmonary edema. ARDS occurs in roughly half of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia patients, with most of them requiring intensive care. Oxygen saturation, partial pressure of the oxygen, and the fraction of the inspired oxygen are health indicators that may indicate a severe illness necessitating further investigation. As treatments have evolved, a typical pattern of ARDS has likewise evolved. In cases where mechanical ventilation is required, the use of low tidal volumes (<6 ml/kg ideal body weight) and airway pressures (plateau pressure <30 cmH2O) was recommended. For patients with moderate/severe ARDS (partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen ratio <20), prone positioning was recommended for at least 16 hours per day. By contrast, high-frequency oscillation was not recommended. The use of inhaled vasodilators was recommended in patients with persistent hypoxemia despite invasive ventilation and prone position until extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The use of a conservative fluid management strategy was suggested for all patients. Mechanical ventilation with high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was suggested for patients with ARDS with a ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PF) ratios. ECMO was suggested as an adjunct to protective mechanical ventilation for patients with severe ARDS. In the absence of adequate evidence, research recommendations were made for corticosteroids and extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal. While decades of research have been conducted, treatment options for underlying pathologies remain limited, and mechanical ventilation, which removes carbon dioxide from the body, remains essential to achieving better clinical outcomes. This review aims to identify the best ARDS treatments that are currently available.

Congenital Heart Disease and Its Association in Children With Down Syndrome.

Objective The objective is to determine the frequency of different congenital heart diseases and their association in children with Down syndrome (DS). Methodology This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the pediatric department of Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, Peshawar, Pakistan from August 2021 to July 2022. A total of 123 children with DS and congenital heart disease (CHD) were included in this cross-sectional study. Detailed history and examination were performed, and findings were documented on performed pro forma. Diagnosis of CHD was confirmed through two-dimensional (2D) and Doppler echocardiography performed by a pediatric cardiologist. Patients were managed according to standard protocols and guidelines. The data including age, gender, mother's age at the time of birth, type of CHD and growth failure were documented and analyzed. Percentages were used to express frequencies. Results The mean age was 2.2 years ± 3.4 years (interquartile range (IQR): 10 days to 14 years). There were 65 (52.8%) male and 58 (47.1%) female patients. Out of 123 patients, 101 (82.1%) had acyanotic CHD and 22 (17.8%) had cyanotic CHD. Among acyanotic CHD, isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the most common observation in 23 (22.3%) and among cyanotic CHD, tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) in seven (31.8%) patients. The most common associations of CHD were VSD+ patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in 11 (9%) patients and atrial septal defect (ASD)+PDA in nine (7.3%) patients. The median age of the mother at delivery was 31 years (interquartile range (IQR): 20 years to 45 years). Growth failure was seen in 70 (56.9%) patients. Conclusion Based on our data, VSD is the most common CHD followed by a complete atrio-VSD (CAVSD) in children with DS. The most common association of CHD in DS is VSD with PDA. Growth failure is seen in most of the patients with DS having a CHD.

Immune Thrombocytopenia Induced by Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies against the platelet surface antigens. ITP is a diagnosis of exclusion and is further categorized into primary and secondary ITP. The etiology of primary ITP is idiopathic, and secondary ITP is caused by infections and autoimmune disorders. Among infectious etiology of ITP, human immunodeficiency virus, herpes virus, and hepatitis B and C virus are common. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a rare cause of ITP, and the relationship between ITP and H. pylori is highlighted in the literature. We report a case of ITP in an adult female who presented with hematemesis and petechial rash in the lower limbs. Her initial laboratory results demonstrated thrombocytopenia, and the results of her gastric biopsy and stool antigen were positive for H. pylori. She was diagnosed with ITP induced by H. pylori because additional causes of ITP were not identified. Her clinical improvement and platelet recovery after initiating H. pylori eradication therapy were consistent with H. pylori-induced ITP.

Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-Associated Renal Vasculitis After COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report.

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is a class of autoimmune diseases that can cause kidney failure because of mononuclear cell infiltration and the destruction of small and medium-sized blood vessels. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may trigger or exacerbate autoimmune diseases. We present a case of ANCA-associated vasculitis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis after a COVID-19 infection, who presented with intermittent hemoptysis and dyspnea and was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia three weeks ago. Her clinical, radiological, and serological picture was concerned with pulmonary-renal syndrome. Her serum was positive for antinuclear antibody and ANCAs, and renal biopsy showed pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis. She was diagnosed clinicopathologically with pauci-immune glomerulonephritis in the setting of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after a COVID-19 infection. Her condition improved after she was treated with rituximab and pulse dose methylprednisolone.