Re-Examination of the Maxillary Vestibular Approach with Emphasis on Facial Mimetic Muscle Preservation.

Introduction: The standard Keen's or the maxillary vestibular incision allows direct access to the zygomatico-maxillary complex with inadvertent transection of the facial muscles and more laborious visualisation of the zygoma. Materials and Methods: We describe modifications to the vestibular and Keen's technique, based on identification and re-orientation of the facial muscles as well as utilisation of anatomical gaps between the facial mimetic muscles. Conclusion: Our modifications are based on the principle of facial mimetic muscle identification, preservation and re-orientation to near normal anatomy.

Nintedanib-induced osteomyelitis of the jaw against the background of COVID-19 infection.

PURPOSE: Various medications are administered to treat Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and prevent its complications. Some medicines have complications and long-term effects, which may mimic other conditions, making precise diagnosis difficult. This report aims to bring to light one such complication, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), secondary to a commonly prescribed medication for preventing lung fibrosis post-COVID-19 infection. METHOD: A 33-year-old male reported to our department with the typical clinical and radiological features of Mucormycosis of the upper jaw post-COVID-19 infection. However, on detailed evaluation of his history (controlled diabetic and short duration of steroid therapy) and review of the mycology staining, bacteriology, culture, and histopathological reports, we came to a negative diagnosis for Mucormycosis. The patient was, however, on treatment for the prevention of lung fibrosis with Nintedanib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) 150 mg twice a day for one month. RESULT: In the absence of predisposing factors and negative laboratory findings for mucormycosis, we arrived at a diagnosis of MRONJ, attributable to Nintedanib therapy given to prevent lung fibrosis post-COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSION: The use of Nintedanib has recently increased due to the high incidence of lung fibrosis post-COVID-19 infection. However, Nintedanib should be considered a causative agent for osteonecrosis of the jaw in the absence of other obvious predisposing factors. Therefore, Nintedanib must be administered after a thorough consideration of risk factors.

Lower Vestibular Incision: A Modified Technique of Dissection.

INTRODUCTION: Exposure to anterior mandible via conventional approach by either cervicular or vestibular incision is normally carried out for trauma or orthognathic surgery. Transection of mentalis muscle and reposition of the muscle is a key step. This prevents post-operative lip ptosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A modified dissection technique is presented in the article to identify the bilateral mentalis muscles at its insertion and isolate it in order to preserve it if feasible for access or to transect it after demarcating so that it can be reoriented in its native position. CONCLUSION: The modified method is an anatomically direct functional approach to the anterior mandible.