[Features of thermal effect at high-frequency laser impact on biological tissue (experiment). Technique of laser ablation of a pharyngeal tonsil]. / Osobennosti termicheskogo éffekta pri vysokochastotnom lazernom vozdeistvii na biologicheskuiu tkan' (éksperiment). Metodika lazernoi abliatsii glotochnoi mindaliny.

In the conditions of the experiment the peculiarities of thermal influence of Ho:YAG on biological tissue in the ablation mode were studied. In the experiment we used: surgical laser system LUMENIS VersaPulse PowerSuite 20, universal thermal imaging camera FLIR SC7000. The biological object (turkey meat) was remotely, at a distance of 5 mm, affected by a Holmium laser (E = 0.9 J and R = 12 Hz) for 6 seconds. The maximum temperature (Tmax, °C) in the ablation zone was measured in real time. As a result, it was found that laser ablation of a biological object is characterized by thermal effects, which largely depend on the state of irradiated tissue: the temperature of the irradiated object rises to critical values equal to 100.07-111.24 ° C, after which the surface layer of biological tissue is charred, and the process of laser "removal" stops; intact biological tissue reaches critical heating after 3.48 s, while under the influence of a high-frequency laser on the previously irradiated biological tissue development period It was also established that in order to continue laser ablation with controlled thermal effect it is necessary to remove charred areas of biological object. On the basis of the obtained data the method of laser ablation of pharyngeal tonsils was developed.

[OUTCOME OF PELVIC EXENTERATION FOR LOCALLY ADVANCED CANCER OF THE PELVIC ORGANS].

We analyzed the outcomes of pelvic exenteration in patients with locally advanced cancer of the pelvic organs. During the period from 2006 to 2013 at the Leningrad Regional Oncology Dispensary there were carried out 218 exenterations of the pelvis. Postoperative complications occurred in 68 patients (31.2%), 17 patients died, mortality was 7.8%. The average surgery time was 186 minutes. The average blood loss was 860 ml. In assessing the oncological effectiveness of surgical interventions it was revealed that a 5-year survival rate ranged from 32% in bladder cancer, up to 50% in cervical cancer. Careful selection of patients, multidisciplinary approach to the problem has paramount importance to achieve satisfactory outcomes.

[The neuronal correlates of the serotonin-dependent behavior of the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina]. / Neironnye korreliaty serotoninzavisimogo povedeniia krylonogogo molliuska Clione limacina.

Predatory behaviour of the carnivorous marine pteropod mollusk Clione limacina is normally induced by contact with prey. In the absence of prey, a similar behaviour can be induced by injection of serotonin (5-HT) or its precursor, L-5-hydroxytroptophan (5-HTP). It consists of non-stop fast swimming, rapid extrusions of cephaloconi and other components of the actual prey capturing. Neuronal correlates of this phenomenon were investigated using histofluorescence and intracellular recordings. Prior to treatment with 5-HTP only green fluorescence of catecholamines has been revealed. In the CNS and periphery of 5-HTP-injected hunting animals yellow fluorescence of 5-HT is present as well. In isolated pedal ganglia 5-HTP induces characteristic changes in the activity of the swim generator neurones. An initial intermittent fictitious swimming of these neurones has been changed to sustained swimming of a higher frequency and enhanced spiking per cycle. Changes in activity of 5-HT-producing pedal neurones are also described.