Relationship between level CPAP titration, anthropometric variables, and drug-induced sleep endoscopy DISE.

INTRODUCTION: Subjects with palatal obstruction alone vs. multilevel obstruction on DISE had better outcomes after palate surgery. We asked ourselves if the therapeutic level positive airway pressure (PAP) titration could predict the level of airway obstruction and its complexity. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify possible relationships between therapeutic level of positive airway pressure initial titration and levels of collapse in drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE). A secondary objective was to establish the relationship the other variables and DISE. METHODS: We analyzed retrospective clinical histories between March 2020 to March 2022 of 37 patients with polysomnography or cardiorespiratory polygraphy studies and PAP initial titration who were taken to drug-induced sleep endoscopy. Sleep study data, anthropometric variables, and patterns of airway collapse during DISE were analyzed with PAP initial titration levels. RESULTS: Most of the patients with complex collapse had concentric velum collapse (p < 0.006). A significant association was found between the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and oropharyngeal collapse; (p < 0.0030) and finally we demonstrated relationship between neck circumference and gender with epiglottis collapse (p < 0.046), (p < 0.037), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show a strong relationship between that complex collapses and concentric velum collapse; patients with greater oropharyngeal collapse have a higher mean AHI. Patients without epiglottic collapse have a higher mean neck circumference. An association between mean pressure initial titration and complex collapse could not be established.

Phenotypic and genetic characterization of an Avena sativa L. germplasm collection of diverse origin: implications for food-oat breeding in Chile.

Oats are known for their nutritional value and also for their beneficial properties on human health, such as the reduction of cholesterol levels and risk of coronary heart disease; they are an important export product for Chile. During the last decade (2010-2022) over 90% of the oat cultivated area in Chile has been covered with Avena sativa L. cv. Supernova INIA. This lack of genetic diversity in a context of climate change could limit the long-term possibility of growing oats in Chile. The present study is a phenotypic and genetic analysis of 132 oat cultivars and pure lines of diverse origin that can be considered as potential breeding material. The germplasm was evaluated for 28 traits and analyzed with 14 SSR markers. The effects of genotypes on phenotype were significant over all traits (P ≤ 0.05). Most traits exhibited moderate to high broad-sense heritability with exceptions such as yield (H2 = 0.27) and hulls staining (H2 = 0.32). Significant undesirable correlations between traits were generally of small biological importance, which is auspicious for achieving breeding objectives. Some of the heritability data and correlations provided here have not been previously reported. The overall phenotypic diversity was high (H' = 0.68 ± 0.18). The germplasm was grouped into three phenotypic clusters, differing in their qualities for breeding. Twenty-six genotypes outperforming Supernova INIA were identified for breeding of conventional food-oats. The genetic diversity of the germplasm was moderate on average (He = 0.58 ± 0.03), varying between 0.32 (AM22) and 0.77 (AME178). Two genetic subpopulations supported by the Structure algorithm exhibited a genetic distance of 0.24, showing low divergence of the germplasm. The diversity and phenotypic values found in this collection of oat genotypes are promising with respect to obtaining genetic gain in the short term in breeding programs. However, the similar genetic diversity, higher phenotypic diversity, and better phenotypic performance of the germplasm created in Chile compared to foreign germplasm suggest that germplasm harboring new genetic diversity will be key to favor yield and quality in new oat cultivars in the long term.

Effect of Oats and Wheat Genotype on In Vitro Gas Production Kinetics of Straw.

Increases in cereals grain yield in the last decades have increased the accumulation of straw on the soil after harvest. Farmers typically open burn the straw to prepare the soil for the next crop, resulting in pollution, emission of greenhouse gases, erosion, loss of soil organic matter, and wildfires. An alternative is feeding straw to ruminants, but straw nutritive value is limited by its high content of lignocellulose and low content of protein. Cereal breeding programs have focused on improving grain yield and quality and agronomic traits, but little attention has been paid to straw nutritive value. We screened straw from 49 genotypes of oats and 24 genotypes of wheat from three cereal breeding trials conducted in Chile for in vitro gas production kinetics. We found moderate effects of the genotype on gas production at 8, 24, and 40 h of incubation, and on the maximum extent and rate of gas production. Gas production was negatively associated with lignin and cellulose contents and not negatively associated with grain yield and resistance to diseases and lodging. Effects observed in vitro need to be confirmed in animal experiments before gas production kinetics can be adopted to identify cereal genotypes with more digestible straw.

Prevalencia del síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño en adultos que acuden a la consulta externa de medicina familiar, en Monterrey, México (el SAOS sigue siendo una entidad subdiagnosticada en Latinoamérica) / Prevalence of the syndrome of obstructive sleep apnea in adults who consulting family medicine in Monterrey, Mexico (SAOS continues to be underdiagnosed in Latin America)

El síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS) es una enfermedad común, caracterizada por episodios recurrentes de obstrucción de la vía aérea superior que ocurren durante el sueño, con descensos en la saturación de oxígeno de la hemoglobina, sueño intranquilo y despertares nocturnos, que se ha asociado a un incremento de morbimortalidad fundamentalmente de origen cardiovascular. Afecta al 2-4% de las mujeres y al 4-6% de los hombres de la población general en edad media de la vida. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño en adultos que acuden a la consulta externa de la Clínica Hospital Constitución ISSSTE, Nuevo León. Resultados: La distribución por género fue: 47 hombres (51,1%) y 45 mujeres (48,9%). El índice de masa corporal (IMC) promedio fue de 31,2 (IC 95% 30-32,34). Solo diez personas (11%) presentaron IMC normal (< 25), 35 pacientes (38%) evidenciaron sobrepeso (IMC de 25 a 29) y 47 (51%) demostraron obesidad (IMC mayor de 30). Se analizaron 92 poligrafías respiratorias, y mediante un índice de apneahipopnea (IAH) > 5 se encontró una prevalencia del 77%, de los cuales 42% eran mujeres y 58% hombres, con una edad promedio de 52 años. 41% con grado leve (es decir, IAH 5 a 14), 27% con grado moderado (IAH 15 a 29) y 32% con grado severo (IAH igual o mayor de 30). Las patologías señaladas en el total de las encuestas (n = 92) fueron: ansiedad, 39 pacientes (42,4%); depresión, 22 (24,5%); enfermedades renales, 10 (11%); hipertensión arterial, 32 (35%); diabetes, 17 (18,5%); enfermedades reumáticas, 16 (17,4%); convulsiones, 7 (7,6%); alergias, 24 (26%). Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio encontramos que la prevalencia del síndrome de apnea del sueño es alta, con más frecuencia en el género masculino, que aumenta en mayores de 50 años de edad, y la mayoría de pacientes presentan sobrepeso u obesidad. También se comprobó que hasta el 35% de los hipertensos padecen apnea del sueño. Otro dato importante es la frecuencia de pacientes con apnea del sueño que refirieron ansiedad (42,2%)…

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a common disease characterized by recurrent episodes of obstruction of the upper airway during sleep that occur with decreases in oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, restless sleep and nocturnal awakenings, has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality primarily. It affects 2-4% of women and 4-6% of men in the general population in middle age of life Objective: To determine the prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in adults attending the outpatient clinic of the hospital establishment, ISSSTE, Nuevo Le¨®n. Results: The gender distribution was 47 males (51.1%) and 45 women (48.9%). The average BMI of 31.2 (95% CI 30-32.34). Only 10 people (11%) with normal BMI (BMI <25), overweight (BMI 25 to 29) 35 patients (38%), obese (BMI greater than 30) 47 patients (51%). 92 We analyzed respiratory polygraphs, and employing an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) > 5 found a prevalence of 77%, of which 42% are women and 58% men, with an average age of 52 years old. 41% with mild (ie AHI 5-14), 27% with moderate (AHI 15-29) and 32% with severe (AHI ¡Ý 30). The pathologies identified in the total survey (n = 92) are: anxiety 39 patients (42.4%), depression 22 (24.5%), kidney disease 10 (11%), hypertension 32 (35%), diabetes 17 (18.5%), rheumatic diseases 16 (17.4%), seizures 7 (7.6%), allergy 24 (26%). Conclusions: In our study we found that the prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome is high, it is more common in the male gender, increased frequency in patients over 50 years of age, the majorities are overweight or obese. We also found that up to 35% of hypertensive patients with sleep apnea. Another important fact is the frequency of patients with sleep apnea who reported anxiety (42.2%)...

Dexmedetomidina en la fibroscopia de sueño bajo sedación en pacientes con trastornos respiratorios del dormir (Descripción de una técnica de topodiagnóstico) / Dexmedetomidine in the fibroscopy sleep under sedation in patients with sleep disordered breathing (description of a technique topodiagnostico)

Objetivo: Valorar si el uso de la dexmedetomidina es apropiado para realizar nasoendoscopias del sueño bajo sedación. Estudio: Observacional, descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo. Material y métodos: Pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de apnea del sueño por estudio poligráfico cardiorrespiratorio. A todos los pacientes se les realizó una endoscopia del sueño bajo sedación. Resultados: Un total de diez pacientes (seis masculinos y cuatro femeninos) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, y su promedio de edad era de 44,9. El 60% presentaron una circunferencia de cuello mayor de 39 centímetros. Un IMC promedio de 32,55 kg/m2. Escala de Epworth máxima de 16 y mínima de tres puntos. IAH máximo de 45 y mínimo de dos por hora. Conclusión: Con el uso de dexmedetomidina se logran periodos del sueño más parecidos al fisiológico. Se pudo realizar el estudio por más de 50 minutos, sin el riesgo de depresión respiratoria habitual que se presenta con los medicamentos sedantes convencionales …

Objective: To evaluate if the use of dexmedetomidine is appropriate for DISE. Study design: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study. Subjects and Methods: Patients with diagnosis of sleep apnea undergoing polysomnography study. All subjects underwent a DISE with dexmedetomidine. Results: A total of 10 patients met inclusion criteria. 6 males and 4 females, with a mean age 44.9. 60% file a neck circumference greater than 15 inches. A mean IBM of 32.55 kg/m2. Epworth scale maxima and minima of 16 and 3 points. AIH maxima of 45 and minima of 2 per hour. Conclusion: With the use of dexmedetomidine sleep periods were obtained more similar to the physiological. May conduct the study for more than 50 minutes without risk of respiratory depression usual with conventional drugs sedation…