Urothelial carcinoma transmission via kidney transplantation.

Transmission of urothelial carcinoma via solid organ transplant has never been reported in the literature to our knowledge. We report a case of transmission of this tumour to a kidney recipient. The donor was a 37-year-old woman, victim of a subarachnoid haemorrhage. The recipient was a 21-year-old girl, with a history of chronic kidney disease secondary to neurogenic bladder. This fatality has been rarely described in literature, but never with this histological type of cancer. Nowadays, with the expanded criteria for donation, older people are accepted as donor because of the shortage of organs. However, this may increase the likelihood of the number of cancer transmission.

Induction of spermatogenesis in azoospermic men after varicocele repair.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the treatment outcome after varicocele repair in azoospermic men and to correlate this outcome with the testicular histology patterns. METHODS: Medical records of 15 azoospermic men who underwent testis biopsy and microsurgical repair of clinical varicocele between July 1999 and November 2000 were reviewed. All patients had at least two semen analyses showing azoospermia taken before the surgery and two semen analyses post-operatively. Hypospermatogenesis was identified in four, maturation arrest in six, and germ cell aplasia in five men. RESULTS: Induction of spermatogenesis was achieved in seven men (47%). Of these, four had germ cell aplasia and three had maturation arrest. The improvement in sperm concentration and motility in patients with germ cell aplasia ranged from 1.8 to 7.9 x 10(6)/ml, and from 32 to 76% respectively. Of these seven patients with improvement in semen quality, five relapsed into azoospermia 6 months after the recovery of spermatogenesis (four germ cell aplasia and one maturation arrest). One patient with maturation arrest established a pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Azoospermic patients may have an improvement in semen quality following varicocelectomy. Semen samples should be cryopreserved after an initial improvement following varicocelectomy, as relapse to a state of azoospermia may occur.

Adrenocortical tumors: results of treatment and study of Weiss's score as a prognostic factor

PURPOSE: The differential diagnosis between benign and malignant adrenal cortical tumors circumscribed to the gland is controversial. One hundred and seven patients with adrenal cortex tumors (excluding those with primary hyperaldosteronism) were studied to assess the 5-year survival rate of adults, children, patients stratified by pathological stage, and patients stratified according to Weiss's score of <3 or >3. METHODS: The patients were evaluated both clinically and biochemically. One hundred and five patients underwent surgery and were classified pathologically as stages I, II, III, or IV. The tumors were weighed, measured, and classified according to Weiss's criteria and divided into 2 groups: <3 and >3. RESULTS: After 5 years, the survival rate was 77.5 percent for the whole group, 74.61 percent for the adults, 84.3 percent for the children, 100 percent for stage I, 83.9 percent for stage II, 33 percent for stage III, and 11.7 percent for stage IV groups. Additionally, after 5 years, 100 percent of the patients with tumors with Weiss's score <3 were alive compared to 61.65 percent of those with Weiss's score >3. The average weights of the tumors of score <3 and >3 were 23.38 g ± 41.36 g and 376.3 ± 538.76 g, respectively, which is a statistically significant difference. The average sizes of tumors of Weiss's score <3 and >3 were 3.67 ± 2.2 cm and 9.64 ± 5.8 cm, respectively, which is also a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Weiss's score may be a good prognostic factor for tumors of the adrenal cortex. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between the average weight and size of tumors with benign behavior (Weiss's score <3) and those with malignant behavior (Weiss's score >3)

Adrenocortical tumors: results of treatment and study of Weiss's score as a prognostic factor.

PURPOSE: The differential diagnosis between benign and malignant adrenal cortical tumors circumscribed to the gland is controversial. One hundred and seven patients with adrenal cortex tumors (excluding those with primary hyperaldosteronism) were studied to assess the 5-year survival rate of adults, children, patients stratified by pathological stage, and patients stratified according to Weiss's score of <3 or >3. METHODS: The patients were evaluated both clinically and biochemically. One hundred and five patients underwent surgery and were classified pathologically as stages I, II, III, or IV. The tumors were weighed, measured, and classified according to Weiss's criteria and divided into 2 groups: <3 and >3. RESULTS: After 5 years, the survival rate was 77.5% for the whole group, 74.61% for the adults, 84.3% for the children, 100% for stage I, 83.9% for stage II, 33% for stage III, and 11.7% for stage IV groups. Additionally, after 5 years, 100% of the patients with tumors with Weiss's score <3 were alive compared to 61.65% of those with Weiss's score >3. The average weights of the tumors of score <3 and >3 were 23.38 g 41.36 g and 376.3 538.76 g, respectively, which is a statistically significant difference. The average sizes of tumors of Weiss's score <3 and >3 were 3.67 2.2 cm and 9.64 5.8 cm, respectively, which is also a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Weiss's score may be a good prognostic factor for tumors of the adrenal cortex. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between the average weight and size of tumors with benign behavior (Weiss's score <3) and those with malignant behavior (Weiss's score >3).