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1.
Sleep ; 45(11)2022 11 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35907210

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to investigate orofacial pain in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and determine possible associations with masticatory muscle hypotonia (MMH), maximum mouth opening (MMO), and sleep disorders. Twenty-three individuals with DS underwent a standardized clinical examination using Axis I of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, for the diagnosis of pain in the masseter and temporal muscles and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). MMH was investigated using electromyography of the temporal and masseter muscles and the measurement of maximum bite force (MBF). MMO was measured using an analog caliper. Sleep disorders (obstructive sleep apnea [OSA], snoring index [SI], and sleep bruxism index [SBI]) were investigated using type II polysomnography. Statistical analysis was performed. Nonsignificant differences were found in muscle and TMJ pain between the sexes. However, myalgia and referred myofascial pain in the left masseter muscle were more frequent in males (69%) than females (40%). Electrical activity of the temporal (left: p = .002; right: p = .004) and masseter (left: p = .008) muscles was significantly lower in males than in females. MBF range was lower in males than females, indicating the highest MMH among males. OSA, SI, and SBI were identified in both sexes, but with no statistically significant differences. We concluded that myalgia and referred myofascial pain were found in some individuals with DS, especially in males. Arthralgia was found mainly in females. Temporal and masseter myalgia may have exerted an influence on the severity of MMH in males, particularly on the left side.


Subject(s)
Down Syndrome , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Sleep Bruxism , Sleep Wake Disorders , Male , Female , Humans , Masseter Muscle , Myalgia/complications , Down Syndrome/complications , Muscle Hypotonia , Masticatory Muscles , Facial Pain/complications , Electromyography
2.
Life Sci ; 301: 120616, 2022 Jul 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35533758

ABSTRACT

AIMS: We aimed to investigate whether Saccharomyces boulardii strain might exert renoprotective effects by modulating renal renin angiotensin system, oxidative stress and intestinal microbiota in streptozotocin-diabetic mice. MAIN METHODS: Thirty-six C57BL/6 male mice were divided into four groups: control (C), control + probiotic (CP), diabetes (D), diabetes + probiotic (DP). Diabetes was induced by one intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and Saccharomyces boulardii was administered by oral gavage for 8 weeks. Blood glucose, albuminuria and urinary volume were measured. Renal levels of angiotensin peptides (angiotensin I, II and 1-7) and the activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 were determined, besides that, renal morphology, serotonin and dopamine levels and also microbiota composition were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS: Probiotics significantly increased C-peptide secretion and reduced blood glucose of diabetic animals. Saccharomyces boulardii also improved renal antioxidant defense, restored serotonin and dopamine concentration, and activated the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) vasodilator and antifibrotic axis. The modulation of these markers was associated with a beneficial impact on glomerular structure and renal function of diabetic treated animals. The phenotypic changes induced by Saccharomyces boulardii were also related to modulation of intestinal microbiota, evidenced by the decreased abundance of Proteus and Escherichia-Shigella, considered diabetic nephropathy biomarkers. SIGNIFICANCE: Therefore, probiotic administration to streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice improves kidney structure and function in a murine model and might represent a reasonable strategy to counteract nephropathy-associated maladaptive responses in diabetes.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Diabetic Nephropathies , Microbiota , Saccharomyces boulardii , Angiotensin I/metabolism , Animals , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Dopamine/metabolism , Kidney/metabolism , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Oxidative Stress , Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology , Saccharomyces boulardii/metabolism , Serotonin/metabolism , Streptozocin/metabolism
3.
Rev. ABENO ; 22(2): 1526, jan. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | BBO - Dentistry | ID: biblio-1391333

ABSTRACT

The need for new teaching-learning strategies stems from the great change society is going through. The so-called digital natives are part of a generation that lives in a hyperactive rhythm making it increasingly difficult to adapt to traditional classrooms. In Dentistry Courses, new strategies and pedagogical tools have been used, suchas active learning methodologies. In this context, the Discipline of Histology of the Dentistry Course has been proposing the use of some innovative pedagogical strategies. This work will present the experience with team-based learning (TBL), which articulates individual (iRAT) and group activities (gRAT), stimulates the application of concepts and can articulate with other methodologies such as flipped classroom, case study and problematization. This study alsoanalysedstudents' performance in iRAT and gRAT with the application of TBLand discussed the results achieved. Itwas conducted by analysingthe scoresof 240 first-year students of the Histology course in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Student scores, individually and in groups, were statistically analysedby the paired student t-test. Comparisons were made between the iRAT and gRAT activities about gender and the full-time and night classes by the one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. All students obtained higher group scores when compared to individual test results (p <0.001). There was no significant difference between sexes and study period. Group performanceexceeds individual performance. From this, it can be inferred that TBL can be a good strategy to use in dentistry, as an interaction between students leads to higher performance and problem-solving capacity (AU).


A necessidade de novas estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem decorre da grande mudança pela qual a sociedade está passando. Os chamados nativos digitais fazem parte de uma geração que vive em um ritmo hiperativo tornando cada vez mais difícil a adaptação às salas de aula tradicionais. Nos cursos de Odontologia, novas estratégias e ferramentas pedagógicas têm sido utilizadas, como metodologias ativas de aprendizagem. Nesse contexto, a Disciplina de Histologia do Curso de Odontologia tem proposto a utilização de algumas estratégias pedagógicas inovadoras. Este trabalho apresentará a experiência com a aprendizagem baseada em equipe (TBL), que articula atividades individuais (iRAT) e em grupo (gRAT), estimula a aplicação de conceitos e pode se articular com outras metodologias como aula invertida, estudo de caso e problematização. Este estudo também analisou o desempenho dos alunos no iRAT egRAT com a aplicação da TBL e discutiu os resultados alcançados. Foi realizado por meio da análise das notas de 240 alunos do primeiro ano do curso de Histologia em 2016, 2017 e 2018. As notas dos alunos, individualmente e em grupos, foram analisadas estatisticamente por meio do teste t-student pareado. As comparações foram feitas entre as atividades iRAT e gRAT sobre gênero e as aulas em período integral e noturno pelo teste ANOVA one waye teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Todos os alunos obtiveram pontuações mais altas do grupo quando comparados aos resultados dos testes individuais (p <0,001). Não houve diferença significativa entre os sexos e o período de estudo. O desempenho do grupo excede o desempenho individual. A partir disso, pode-se inferirque o TBL pode ser uma boa estratégia para uso em odontologia, pois uma interação entre os alunos leva a um maior desempenho e capacidade de resolução de problemas (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Students, Dental , Problem-Based Learning/methods , Education, Dental , Histology , Brazil , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Diffusion of Innovation
4.
J Oral Rehabil ; 47(8): 1007-1022, 2020 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32463923

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the phenotypic features of the masticatory biomechanics in atypical subjects with Down syndrome (DS). Its influence was analysed on sleep disorders, body adiposity and its risks, and some physicochemical properties of saliva. METHODS: Seventy subjects were enrolled to assess masticatory biomechanical function and divided into two groups: DS and control groups. Electrical activities of the masseter and temporal muscles (at rest and in maximum voluntary clench-MVC), maximum bite force-MBF and maximum mouth opening-MMO were investigated. Among the atypical subjects, just 24 participants underwent the anthropometry, the polysomnography II and the saliva testing (salivary flow rate-SFR, buffer capacity-BC and salivary cortisol levels, morning/SC-AM and night/SC-PM). RESULTS: MVC and MBF values showed high statistical significance in the control group (P < .001) than in the DS group of 35. MMO values were slightly increased in the DS group in relation to the control group. Overweight and obesity were found in both genders. Atypical women showed higher risk to develop cardiovascular-metabolic diseases than in atypical men. OSA severe was 20% for atypical women and 42.8% for atypical men, whereas snoring index was present in all genders. SFR was reduced in 100% of atypical subjects (hyposalivation in 10% women and 28.5% men). Furthermore, 100% BC, 66.6% SC-AM and 91.6% SC-PM showed normal patterns. CONCLUSION: Masseter and temporal muscle hypotonia was found in all atypical subjects with DS. This muscle dysfunction strongly was related to overweight/obesity, risks for development of cardiovascular/metabolic diseases, OSA severity, successive snoring episodes and salivary flow reduction in DS.


Subject(s)
Down Syndrome , Sleep Wake Disorders , Adiposity , Electromyography , Female , Humans , Male , Obesity , Polysomnography
5.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 7477, 2020 05 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32366926

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to evaluate intra-day (test) and inter-day (re-test) reliability of surface electromyography (sEMG) signals of the masseter and temporal muscles in patients with Down syndrome (DS). We determined the reliability of sEMG variables in 33 patients with DS. EMG signals were recorded at rest as well as during maximum voluntary clenching and maximum habitual intercuspation (MHI). The signals were analyzed considering the amplitude in the root mean square (RMS), mean frequency (MNF), median frequency (MDF) and approximate entropy (ApEn). The intraclass correlation (ICC2,1) for the three trials recorded during MHI in the two sessions (test and retest) revealed excellent intra-session and inter-session reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.76 to 0.97) for all sEMG variables and muscles. In the rest position, excellent reliability was found for RMS and ApEn (ICC2,1 = 0.75 to 1.00) and good to excellent reliability was found for MDF and MNF (ICC2,1 = 0.64 to 0.93). The intra-session (test) and inter-session (re-test) analyses demonstrated the reliability of nonlinear sEMG variables of the masticatory muscles in adults with Down Syndrome.


Subject(s)
Down Syndrome/physiopathology , Electromyography , Masseter Muscle/physiopathology , Muscle Contraction , Temporal Muscle/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male
6.
Braz Oral Res ; 32: e61, 2018 Oct 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30379208

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the impact of the GaAlAs diode laser with energy densities of 160 J/cm2, 320 J/cm2, and 640 J/cm2 on the periodontal tissues under continuous orthodontic force application and on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in rats with type-2 diabetes mellitus. The intensity of primary alveolar bone formation was also investigated through the immune-positive osteocytes for OPN antibody. Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups of 5 rats: normoglycemic (N), 160 J-laser-normoglycemic (160 J-LN), 320 J-laser-normoglycemic (320 J-LN), 640 J-laser-normoglycemic (640 J-LN), diabetic (D), 160 J-laser-diabetic (160 J-LD), 320 J-laser-diabetic (320 J-LD), and 640 J-laser-diabetic (640 J-LD) rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intravenous injection of 40 mg/kg monohydrated-alloxan. An orthodontic force magnitude of 20cN was applied. The laser parameters were continuous emission of 780-nm wavelength, output power of 20mW, and fiber probe with a spot size of 0.04 cm in diameter. Radiographic, histomorphological, and immunohistochemical analysis were performed after a period of 21 days. The photobiomodulation using the energy density of 640 J/cm2 strongly stimulated the alveolar bone formation and contributed the reorganization of the soft periodontal tissues, followed by the 320 J/cm2. Extensive alveolar bone loss, intense infiltration of inflammatory cells, and degradation of the PDJ tissue were mainly found in the D and 160 J-LD groups. The rate of orthodontic tooth movement was represented by the interdental distance between the cementoenamel junctions of the right mandibular first and second molars . This distance was larger in the diabetic groups (D: 39.98±1.97, 160 J-LD: 34.84±6.01, 320 J-LD: 29.82±1.73, and 640 J-LD: 35.47±4.56) than in the normoglycemic groups (N: 21.13±1.19; 160 J-LN: 22.69±0.72, 320 J-LN: 22.28±0.78, and 640 J-LN: 24.56±2.11). The number of osteopontin-positive osteocytes was significantly greater in the 640 J-LD (14.72 ± 0.82; p < 0.01) and 640 J-LN (13.62 ± 1.33; p < 0.05) groups than with D (9.82 ± 1.17) and 160 J-LD (9.77 ± 1.10) groups. Therefore, the energy density of 640 J/cm2 provided the best maintenance and integrity of the periodontal tissue microarchitecture under continuous orthodontic force when compared with the other dosages, mainly in the uncontrolled diabetic rats. The interdental distance was greater in the D and 160 J-LD groups due to presence of severe periodontitis caused by diabetes plus the mechanical stress generated by continuous orthodontic forces, implying, thus, an insufficient biostimulatory effect for the dosage of 160 J/cm2.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , Low-Level Light Therapy/methods , Periodontium/radiation effects , Tooth Movement Techniques/methods , Alveolar Bone Loss/pathology , Animals , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Immunohistochemistry , Lasers, Semiconductor/therapeutic use , Male , Orthodontic Appliances , Osteoclasts/radiation effects , Osteocytes/radiation effects , Osteogenesis/radiation effects , Osteopontin/analysis , Periodontium/diagnostic imaging , Periodontium/pathology , Radiation Dosage , Radiography , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results
7.
Case Rep Dent ; 2018: 2409212, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29854479

ABSTRACT

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a rare hereditary disorder affecting the development of ectoderm-derived organs and tissues. The aim of this study was to describe phenotypic features and the therapeutic approach in dentistry among three patients with ED, correlating their data with the literature. Additionally, to investigate the salivary gland disorders and their impacts on oral microbiota, we performed salivary tests, including salivary flow rate, salivary buffering capacity, and concentration levels of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and yeasts. All patients presented oligodontia, resulting in a significant masticatory dysfunction and aesthetic impairment. The counts of mutans streptococci (n=3) and yeasts (n=2) were high; on the other hand, the count of lactobacilli (n=3) was low. Therefore, salivary and microbiological tests showed that the patients with ED, particularly the hypohidrotic type, presented a high risk of enamel caries and susceptibility to oral infections, which may be likely triggered by reduction of salivary flow and/or possible immunological disorders.

8.
Lasers Med Sci ; 33(7): 1537-1547, 2018 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29704068

ABSTRACT

Many studies have been conducted on the treatment of burns because they are important in morbidity and mortality. These studies are mainly focused on improving care and quality of life of patients. The aim of this study was evaluate the LED phototherapy effects in rats skin full-thickness burns induced by CO2 laser. The animals were divided in NT group that did not received any treatment and LED group that received LED irradiation at 685 nm, 220 mW, and 4.5 J/cm2 during 40 s by burned area. Biopsies were obtained after 7, 14, and 21 days of treatment and submitted to histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The LED phototherapy shows anti-inflammatory effects, improves angiogenesis, and stimulates the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts. The T CD8+ lymphocytes were more common in burned areas compared to T CD4+ lymphocytes since statistically significant differences were observed in the LED group compared to the NT group after 7 days of treatment. These results showed that LED phototherapy performs positive influence in full-thickness burns repair from the healing process modulated by cellular immune response. The obtained results allowed inferring that burns exhibit a characteristic cell immune response and this cannot be extrapolated to other wounds such as incision and wounds induced by punch, among others.


Subject(s)
Burns/etiology , Burns/radiotherapy , Lasers, Gas/adverse effects , Phototherapy/methods , Skin/pathology , Skin/radiation effects , Animals , Burns/pathology , Fibroblasts/pathology , Fibroblasts/radiation effects , Male , Rats, Wistar , T-Lymphocytes/pathology , T-Lymphocytes/radiation effects , Wound Healing/radiation effects
9.
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther ; 21: 246-251, 2018 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29258951

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bovine mastitis is a disease that causes a severe drawback in dairy production. Conventional treatments with antibiotic could leave antibiotic residues in the milk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of bovine subclinical mastitis to develop an in vivo therapeutic protocol that could be used in routine farm practice, favoring the early return to production. METHODS: Forty cows with subclinical mastitis (n = 40) were divided into 4 groups (control, photodynamic therapy - PDT, light irradiation - LED, and photosensitizer - PS). Control group received no treatment, PDT group received application of 1.0 mL of 2.5% toluidine blue photosensitizer followed by LED irradiation at λ = 635 nm, the LED group was treated with LED irradiation alone, and the PS group received only 2.5% toluidine blue dye. LED irradiation was applied to the mammary gland by means of an acrylic light guide coupled to the LED equipment. The PDT and LED groups were irradiated with 200 J/cm2 at three different positions inside the mammary gland. Milk samples were collected at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h after treatment for microbial identification and total bacterial count. RESULTS: The treatment of the PDT group showed significant difference p < 0.05, characterizing the efficiency of this technique with the reduction of the microorganisms Streptococcus dysgalactiae and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. CONCLUSION: Photodynamic therapy was effective when applied in vivo for subclinical bovine mastitis. There was no need to separate the animal from production.


Subject(s)
Mastitis, Bovine/drug therapy , Photochemotherapy/methods , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Tolonium Chloride/therapeutic use , Animals , Bacillus/drug effects , Cattle , Cell Count , Corynebacterium/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Female , Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology , Milk/microbiology , Staphylococcus , Streptococcus/drug effects
10.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 32: e61, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974452

ABSTRACT

Abstract To evaluate the impact of the GaAlAs diode laser with energy densities of 160 J/cm2, 320 J/cm2, and 640 J/cm2 on the periodontal tissues under continuous orthodontic force application and on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in rats with type-2 diabetes mellitus. The intensity of primary alveolar bone formation was also investigated through the immune-positive osteocytes for OPN antibody. Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups of 5 rats: normoglycemic (N), 160 J-laser-normoglycemic (160 J-LN), 320 J-laser-normoglycemic (320 J-LN), 640 J-laser-normoglycemic (640 J-LN), diabetic (D), 160 J-laser-diabetic (160 J-LD), 320 J-laser-diabetic (320 J-LD), and 640 J-laser-diabetic (640 J-LD) rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intravenous injection of 40 mg/kg monohydrated-alloxan. An orthodontic force magnitude of 20cN was applied. The laser parameters were continuous emission of 780-nm wavelength, output power of 20mW, and fiber probe with a spot size of 0.04 cm in diameter. Radiographic, histomorphological, and immunohistochemical analysis were performed after a period of 21 days. The photobiomodulation using the energy density of 640 J/cm2 strongly stimulated the alveolar bone formation and contributed the reorganization of the soft periodontal tissues, followed by the 320 J/cm2. Extensive alveolar bone loss, intense infiltration of inflammatory cells, and degradation of the PDJ tissue were mainly found in the D and 160 J-LD groups. The rate of orthodontic tooth movement was represented by the interdental distance between the cementoenamel junctions of the right mandibular first and second molars . This distance was larger in the diabetic groups (D: 39.98±1.97, 160 J-LD: 34.84±6.01, 320 J-LD: 29.82±1.73, and 640 J-LD: 35.47±4.56) than in the normoglycemic groups (N: 21.13±1.19; 160 J-LN: 22.69±0.72, 320 J-LN: 22.28±0.78, and 640 J-LN: 24.56±2.11). The number of osteopontin-positive osteocytes was significantly greater in the 640 J-LD (14.72 ± 0.82; p < 0.01) and 640 J-LN (13.62 ± 1.33; p < 0.05) groups than with D (9.82 ± 1.17) and 160 J-LD (9.77 ± 1.10) groups. Therefore, the energy density of 640 J/cm2 provided the best maintenance and integrity of the periodontal tissue microarchitecture under continuous orthodontic force when compared with the other dosages, mainly in the uncontrolled diabetic rats. The interdental distance was greater in the D and 160 J-LD groups due to presence of severe periodontitis caused by diabetes plus the mechanical stress generated by continuous orthodontic forces, implying, thus, an insufficient biostimulatory effect for the dosage of 160 J/cm2.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Tooth Movement Techniques/methods , Periodontium/radiation effects , Low-Level Light Therapy/methods , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , Orthodontic Appliances , Osteoclasts/radiation effects , Osteocytes/radiation effects , Osteogenesis/radiation effects , Radiation Dosage , Reference Values , Periodontium/pathology , Periodontium/diagnostic imaging , Immunohistochemistry , Radiography , Random Allocation , Reproducibility of Results , Alveolar Bone Loss/pathology , Rats, Wistar , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Osteopontin/analysis , Lasers, Semiconductor/therapeutic use
11.
Lasers Med Sci ; 32(7): 1479-1487, 2017 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28674791

ABSTRACT

The purposes of the present study are to assess the effects of the GaAlAs diode laser on the periodontal tissues and to investigate its action on the alveolar bone remodeling process during orthodontic tooth movement in normoglycemic and diabetic rats. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 15 rats: normoglycemic (N), diabetic (D), laser-normoglycemic (LN), and laser-diabetic (LD) rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intravenous injection of 40 mg/kg monohydrated alloxan. The orthodontically moved tooth underwent a force magnitude of 20 cN. The laser irradiation with a continuous emission of a 780-nm wavelength, an output power of 20 mW, and a fiber probe with a spot size of 0.04 cm in diameter and an area of 0.00126 cm2 were used. Moreover, an energy density of 640 J/cm2 was applied in an exposition time of 40 s. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. The photobiomodulation (PBM) strongly stimulated the periodontal tissue response, establishing mainly the balance between the bone formation and resorption. Intense inflammatory cell infiltration and extensive loss of bone tissue were mainly found in the D group from 14 days. The number of osteopontin-positive osteocytes was significantly greater in the LN group, followed by the LD, especially at 7 and 14 days, whereas osteoprotegerin-positive osteoblasts were significantly higher in the LN and LD groups than in the N and D groups, respectively, in all periods. The PBM strongly stimulated the alveolar bone remodeling and favored the continuous reorganization of the soft periodontal tissues, leading to the maintenance and integrity of the periodontal microstructure under orthodontic force, especially in uncontrolled diabetic rats.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology , Lasers, Semiconductor/therapeutic use , Orthodontics , Periodontium/radiation effects , Periodontium/surgery , Tooth Movement Techniques , Animals , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Osteoblasts/pathology , Osteoblasts/radiation effects , Osteoclasts/pathology , Osteoclasts/radiation effects , Osteopontin/metabolism , Osteoprotegerin/metabolism , Periodontium/pathology , RANK Ligand/metabolism , Rats, Wistar
12.
Lasers Med Sci ; 31(1): 19-26, 2016 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26498452

ABSTRACT

The objective of this controlled experimental study was to analyze the changes in the Achilles tendons of rats with experimentally induced tendinitis after treatment with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and/or laser therapies by histometry to quantify fibroblasts and by Raman spectroscopy to determine the biochemical concentration of collagen types I and III. Fifty-four male Wistar rats were divided into six treatment groups: control (G1); PRP only (G2); irradiation with 660 nm laser (G3); irradiation with 830 nm laser (G4); PRP plus 660 nm laser irradiation (G5); and PRP plus 830 nm laser irradiation (G6). Injuries (partial tenotomy) were inflicted in the middle third of the Achilles tendon, with PRP added prior to suture in the appropriate experimental groups. A diode laser (model Laser Flash® III, DMC Equipamentos Ltda, São Carlos, SP, Brazil) that can be operated in two wavelengths 660 and 830 nm was used for irradiation treatments. The irradiation protocol was energy density of 70 J/cm², 20 s irradiation time, and 0.028 cm² spot area, per point in three points in the injured. The histometry was made in micrographical images of the H&E stained sections and evaluated by ImageJ (version 1.46r)®. Raman spectra were collected using a dispersive spectrometer at 830 nm excitation, 200 mW power, and 10 s integration time (P-1 Raman system, Lambda Solutions, Inc. MA, USA). The relative amount of type I collagen was significantly greater in the PRP plus 830 nm laser irradiation group (468 ± 188) than in the control (147 ± 137), 630 nm laser only (191 ± 117), and 830 nm laser only (196 ± 106) groups (p < 0.01), while the quantity of type III collagen was significantly greater in the PRP-only group compared to both irradiated groups without PRP (p < 0.05). Treatment with PRP combined with irradiation at 830 nm resulted in a larger number of fibroblasts and increased concentration of type I collagen, thus accelerating the healing of the injured tendon.


Subject(s)
Laser Therapy , Lasers, Semiconductor/therapeutic use , Platelet-Rich Plasma , Tendinopathy/therapy , Achilles Tendon/injuries , Achilles Tendon/radiation effects , Animals , Collagen Type I/metabolism , Collagen Type III/metabolism , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Spectrum Analysis, Raman , Tendinopathy/metabolism , Tendinopathy/physiopathology , Tendinopathy/surgery , Tenotomy , Wound Healing/radiation effects
13.
Photomed Laser Surg ; 33(3): 145-53, 2015 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25714387

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to investigate the biochemical changes associated with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) using 660 and 780 nm, on a well-established experimental model of osteoarthritis (OA) in the knees of rats with induced collagenase, using histomorphometry and Raman spectroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (GCON, n=9), collagenase without treatment (GCOL, n=9), collagenase with LLLT 660 nm treatment (G660, n=8), and collagenase with LLLT 780 nm treatment (G780, n=10). LLLT protocol was: 30 mW power output, 10 sec irradiation time, 0.04 cm(2) spot size, 0.3 J energy, 0.75 W/cm(2) irradiance, and 7.5 J/cm(2) fluence per session per day, during 14 days. Then, knees were withdrawn and submitted to histomorphometry and Raman spectroscopy analysis. Principal components analysis (PCA) and Mahalanobis distance were employed to characterize the spectral findings. RESULTS: Histomorphometry revealed a significant increase in the amount of collagen III for the group irradiated with 660 nm. The Raman bands at 1247, 1273, and 1453 cm(-1) (from principal component score PC2), attributed to collagen type II, and 1460 cm(-1) (from PC3), attributed to collagen type III, suggested that the LLLT causes acceleration in cellular activity, especially on the cells that repair cartilage, accelerating the breakdown of cartilage destroyed by collagenase and stimulating the fibroblast to synthesize repairing collagen III. CONCLUSIONS: LLLT accelerated the initial breakdown of cartilage destroyed by collagenase and stimulated the fibroblast to synthesize the repairing collagen III, suggesting a beneficial effect of LLLT on OA.


Subject(s)
Low-Level Light Therapy , Osteoarthritis/radiotherapy , Spectrum Analysis, Raman , Animals , Collagenases/analysis , Osteoarthritis/pathology , Rats , Rats, Wistar
14.
Lasers Med Sci ; 29(6): 1849-59, 2014 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24858233

ABSTRACT

Scientific advances have been made to optimize the healing process in spinal cord injury. Studies have been developed to obtain effective treatments in controlling the secondary injury that occurs after spinal cord injury, which substantially changes the prognosis. Low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) has been applied in neuroscience due to its anti-inflammatory effects on biological tissue in the repairing process. Few studies have been made associating LILT to the spinal cord injury. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the LILT (GaAlAs laser-780 nm) on the locomotor functional recovery, histomorphometric, and histopathological changes of the spinal cord after moderate traumatic injury in rats (spinal cord injury at T9 and T10). Thirty-one adult Wistar rats were used, which were divided into seven groups: control without surgery (n = 3), control surgery (n = 3), laser 6 h after surgery (n = 5), laser 48 h after surgery (n = 5), medullar lesion (n = 5) without phototherapy, medullar lesion + laser 6 h after surgery (n = 5), and medullar lesion + laser 48 h after surgery (n = 5). The assessment of the motor function was performed using Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale and adapted Sciatic Functional Index (aSFI). The assessment of urinary dysfunction was clinically performed. After 21 days postoperative, the animals were euthanized for histological and histomorphometric analysis of the spinal cord. The results showed faster motor evolution in rats with spinal contusion treated with LILT, maintenance of the effectiveness of the urinary system, and preservation of nerve tissue in the lesion area, with a notorious inflammation control and increased number of nerve cells and connections. In conclusion, positive effects on spinal cord recovery after moderate traumatic spinal cord injury were shown after LILT.


Subject(s)
Low-Level Light Therapy/methods , Spinal Cord Injuries/physiopathology , Spinal Cord Injuries/radiotherapy , Animals , Inflammation , Male , Neuroglia/radiation effects , Neurons/radiation effects , Phototherapy/methods , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Recovery of Function
15.
Photomed Laser Surg ; 29(4): 217-25, 2011 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21182452

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Raman spectroscopy was employed to evaluate the effect of different swimming intensities on femoral bone composition in an animal model. BACKGROUND DATA: Intense swimming exercise may affect bone mineralization, and Raman technique has been shown to be effective in evaluating tissue composition (phosphate minerals and carbonate apatites - bands at 960 and 1170 cm(-1), as well as collagen matrix - amide I band at 1660 cm(-1)). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen female Swiss Webster mice were separated into three groups (n = 6 per group) of sedentary (SED), and swimming with an intensity of 40% (PT-40) and 80% (PT-80) of the maximum load, with 6 weeks of training. Near-infrared Raman spectra (830 nm wavelength and 80 mW laser power) were obtained with a dispersive Raman spectrometer using a CCD camera and imaging spectrograph with 30-s integration time. Spectra were collected in the medial and lateral diaphysis of the femur and principal components analysis (PCA) was employed to extract features of the Raman bands of bone and to perform quantitative analysis. RESULTS: PC1 vector resembles Raman spectra and carries information about apatite minerals and some contribution from organic matrix. A statistically significant difference was found in the PC1 scores (ANOVA, p < 0.05), indicating lower mineral concentrations in the femur in both the PT-40 and PT-80 groups compared to the SED group. These results corroborated with the radiographic assessment of bone density. CONCLUSION: Raman technique associated with PCA statistics showed that intense swimming exercise may affect bone mineralization and remodeling in a mouse model of training.


Subject(s)
Calcification, Physiologic/physiology , Femur , Physical Conditioning, Animal , Spectrum Analysis, Raman , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Biomechanical Phenomena , Bone Density/physiology , Female , Mice , Models, Animal , Swimming
16.
Lasers Surg Med ; 42(6): 553-8, 2010 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20662032

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the effects of low-level light emitting diode (LED) therapy (880 +/- 10 nm) on inflammatory process in a experimental model of Achilles tendinitis induced by collagenase. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six male Wistar were separated into seven groups (n = 8), three groups in the experimental period of 7 days and four groups in the experimental period of 14 days, the control group (CONT), tendinitis group (TEND), LED therapy group (LEDT) for both experimental periods, and LED therapy group 7th to 14th day (LEDT delay) for 14 days experimental period. The LED parameters was 22 mW CW of optical output power, distributed in an irradiation area of 0.5 cm(2), with an irradiation time of 170 seconds, the applied energy density was 7.5 J/cm(2) in contact. The therapy was initiated 12 hours after the tendinitis induction, with a 48-hour interval between the irradiations. The histological analysis and inflammatory mediators were quantified. RESULTS: Our results showed that LED decreases the inflammatory cells influx and mRNA expression to IL-1 beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in both phase, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) just in initial phase (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory therapy with low-power LED (880 nm) enhanced the tissue response in all groups. We can conclude that the LED was able to reduce signs of inflammation in collagenase-induced tendinitis in rats by reducing the number of inflammatory cells and decrease mRNA expression of cytokines.


Subject(s)
Achilles Tendon/physiopathology , Phototherapy , Tendinopathy/therapy , Achilles Tendon/pathology , Animals , Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics , Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism , Cytokines/genetics , Cytokines/metabolism , Male , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Tendinopathy/pathology , Tendinopathy/physiopathology
17.
Braz Oral Res ; 22(4): 346-51, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19148391

ABSTRACT

Since bovine teeth have been used as substitutes for human teeth in in vitro dental studies, the aim of this study was to compare the radiographic density of bovine teeth with that of human teeth to evaluate their usability for radiographic studies. Thirty bovine and twenty human teeth were cut transversally in 1 millimeter-thick slices. The slices were X-rayed using a digital radiographic system and an intraoral X-ray machine at 65 kVp and 7 mA. The exposure time (0.08 s) and the target-sensor distance (40 cm) were standardized for all the radiographs. The radiographic densities of the enamel, coronal dentin and radicular dentin of each slice were obtained separately using the 'histogram' tool of Adobe Photoshop 7.0 software. The mean radiographic densities of the enamel, coronal dentin and radicular dentin were calculated by the arithmetic mean of the slices of each tooth. One-way ANOVA demonstrated statistically significant differences for the densities of bovine and human enamel (p < 0.05) and for bovine and human coronal dentin (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found for the bovine and human radicular dentin (p > 0.05). Based on the results, the authors concluded that: a) the radiographic density of bovine enamel is significantly higher than that of human enamel; b) the radiodensity of bovine coronal dentin is statistically lower than the radiodensity of human coronal dentin; bovine radicular dentin is also less radiodense than human radicular dentin, although this difference was not statistically significant; c) bovine teeth should be used with care in radiographic in vitro studies.


Subject(s)
Dental Enamel/diagnostic imaging , Dentin/diagnostic imaging , Models, Animal , Radiography, Dental, Digital , Tooth/diagnostic imaging , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Cattle , Dental Enamel/physiology , Humans , X-Rays
18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18061489

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To examine the histomorphologic and histomorphometric features of tissue from 3 unrelated families with hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF). STUDY DESIGN: Twelve affected individuals from 3 HGF families and 3 control subjects were evaluated. Gingival samples were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin for hematoxylin and eosin stain to count the number of fibroblast and inflammatory cells. Sirius red staining was performed to quantitate the amount of collagen present. RESULTS: Histomorphologic analysis of HGF showed extension of epithelial rete ridges into the underlying lamina propria and the presence of collagen bundles in the connective tissue. Analysis of the mean area fraction of collagen showed that there were significant increases in the collagen fraction for all HGF types compared with control subjects (P < .05). There were significant increases in the number of fibroblasts for HGFa and HGFb compared with control subjects (P < .05). The number of fibroblasts for HGFc were similar to that for control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The collagen fraction was significantly greater in all HGF types compared with controls. The number of fibroblasts was significantly increased in 2 of the 3 HGF types compared with controls. These data indicate that different mechanisms may be responsible for tissue enlargement in different forms of HGF.


Subject(s)
Fibromatosis, Gingival/genetics , Fibromatosis, Gingival/pathology , Gingiva/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Cell Count , Child , Collagen/analysis , Epithelial Cells/pathology , Female , Fibroblasts/pathology , Fibromatosis, Gingival/classification , Genetic Heterogeneity , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Inflammation/pathology , Male , Mucous Membrane/pathology
19.
Braz. oral res ; 22(4): 346-351, 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-502196

ABSTRACT

Since bovine teeth have been used as substitutes for human teeth in in vitro dental studies, the aim of this study was to compare the radiographic density of bovine teeth with that of human teeth to evaluate their usability for radiographic studies. Thirty bovine and twenty human teeth were cut transversally in 1 millimeter-thick slices. The slices were X-rayed using a digital radiographic system and an intraoral X-ray machine at 65 kVp and 7 mA. The exposure time (0.08 s) and the target-sensor distance (40 cm) were standardized for all the radiographs. The radiographic densities of the enamel, coronal dentin and radicular dentin of each slice were obtained separately using the "histogram" tool of Adobe Photoshop 7.0 software. The mean radiographic densities of the enamel, coronal dentin and radicular dentin were calculated by the arithmetic mean of the slices of each tooth. One-way ANOVA demonstrated statistically significant differences for the densities of bovine and human enamel (p < 0.05) and for bovine and human coronal dentin (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found for the bovine and human radicular dentin (p > 0.05). Based on the results, the authors concluded that: a) the radiographic density of bovine enamel is significantly higher than that of human enamel; b) the radiodensity of bovine coronal dentin is statistically lower than the radiodensity of human coronal dentin; bovine radicular dentin is also less radiodense than human radicular dentin, although this difference was not statistically significant; c) bovine teeth should be used with care in radiographic in vitro studies.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Humans , Dental Enamel , Dentin , Models, Animal , Radiography, Dental, Digital , Tooth , Analysis of Variance , Dental Enamel/physiology , X-Rays
20.
Odontol. clín.-cient ; 5(4): 293-298, Out.-Dez 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: lil-509902

ABSTRACT

O mecanismo da fibromatose gengival (FG)induzida pela ciclosporina é desconhecido, no entanto, proliferação de fibroblastos gengivais, síntese protéica e produção de colágeno parecem ser responsáveis por este efeito adverso. Objetivo: foi avaliar características da FG induzida pela ciclosporina, por meio de análise histomorfológica e histomorfométrica. Método: participaram quatro indivíduos usuários de ciclosporina (teste) e quatro periodontalmente saudáveis (controle). Amostras do tecido gengival foram obtidas após procedimento cirúrgico periodontal. Vinte e quatro lâminas foram coradas com Hematoxilina e Eosina para contagem de fibrolastos e 24 coras com Picrosírius para quantificação das fibras colágenas. Resultados: a média dos fibroblastos encontrada nos controles foi de 41,5 mais ou menos 18,7 e os testes de 58,6 mais ou mesnos 27,9. A quantificação da fração de área do colágeno foi determinada pela área ocupada em porcentagem. A médiados controles foi de 57,6 mais ou menos 7,5 e dos testes de 52,7 mais ou menos 12,2. Quando aplicado o teste t para o nível de significância de 95 por cento foi encontrada diferença estatística entre os grupos (p=0,000 e p=0,012) respectivamente. Conclusão: os achados sugerem que o mesmo apresentando uma maior quantidade de células, o volume gengival deve estar relacionado com a produção de outros componentes teciduais diferentes da produção de colágeno.


Subject(s)
Collagen , Cyclosporine/adverse effects , Fibromatosis, Gingival/pathology
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