ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a monoarticular fibrohistiocytic benign or locally aggressive soft tissue tumor that originates from the synovium of joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths. It has an inflammatory neoplastic nature, with a clinical presentation ranging from pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited range of movement to joint instability and blockage. Its uncommon incidence leads to a poorly understood pathogenesis. Localized forms of TGCT (LTGCT) can cause significant morbidity, interfere with daily patient activities, and decrease the patient's quality of life in challenging cases. This study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) and P53 in LTGCT to understand the disease better and offer potential therapeutic targets. METHODS: The study is cross-sectional, in which 27 LTGCT cases were collected from the Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Solitary and multiple LTGCT cases retrieved between January 2018 and December 2022 were included, and immunohistochemically stained with anti-PPARγ and P53 antibodies. The TGCT samples were excluded if they were insufficient for sectioning, processing, and interpretation, over-fixed, had process artifacts, or were of the diffuse TGCT type. Scoring of stain expression was performed by ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) analysis using the threshold method and was expressed in percent area/high power field. Clinicopathological correlations were analyzed. RESULTS: All the 27 collected LTGCT cases were located in the small joints of patients' hands. Cases with solitary LGTCTs constituted 55.6% (n = 15), while 44.4% (n = 12) had multiple LTGCTs related to one affected site/case (e.g., multiple tumors in one finger). PPARγ was expressed in the cytoplasm of mononuclear and multinucleated tumor cells and foamy histiocytes, while P53 expression was mainly in mononuclear cells' nuclei. PPARγ significantly correlated with P53 expression (r = 0.9 and P = 0.000). PPARγ (r = 0.4 and P = 0.02) and P53 (r = 0.5 and P = 0.01) were positively correlated with tumor size. Only P53 expression was positively correlated with tumor multiplicity (r = 0.4 and P = 0.03). Using the receiver operating characteristic curve test, the P53 cutoff score detecting the multiplicity of TGCTs was ≥20.5%, with a 75% sensitivity and 80% specificity. CONCLUSION: PPARγ and P53 have a significant role in LTGCT growth, while P53 plays a role in tumor multiplicity. They can be possible targets in LTGCTs unfit for excision.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To assess the antibacterial competence of 650 nm diode laser, Methylene Blue (MB) and Silver Nano-Particles (Ag NPs) on Streptococcus mutans in biofilm-induced caries models. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred eighty specimens were prepared and equally divided into 6 groups. One group was untreated (control), and the others were subjected to either MB, laser, Ag NPs, the combination of MB and Laser or MB, laser and Ag NPs. RESULTS: Comparison of the log10 mean Colony Forming Units per millilitre (CFU/ml) values of each of the treated 5 groups and the control group was found statistically significant (P-value < 0.05). The combination of MB, laser and Ag NPs recorded the greatest reduction (95.28%). MB alone represented the least capable (74.09%). The efficiency differences among the Ag NPs treated group; the Laser treated group and the combined MB/Laser treated group were found statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION: The combination of MB, 650 nm diode laser and Ag NPs may be among the highly effective modern antimicrobial therapeutics in dentistry.