ABSTRACT
Background: Chemical composition analysis of urinary stones is a fundamental part of the metabolic workup of urolithiasis. Aim: To report the chemical composition of urinary stones using infrared spectroscopy. Material and Methods: The chemical composition of rinary stones recovered from 649 patients aged 1 to 97 years (68% males), were analyzed using a Perkin Elmer FTIR Spectrometer, Spectrum Two. Results: Calcium oxalate monohydrate was the most common composition found in 45% of cases, followed by mixed composition, which included three ammonium phosphate stones in 29% of cases. Pure uric acid composition was found in 16% of stones. Three cystine stones were detected. Conclusions: These findings do not differ from those found in developed countries.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Urinary Calculi/chemistry , Uric Acid , Calcium Oxalate/analysisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chemical composition analysis of urinary stones is a fundamental part of the metabolic workup of urolithiasis. AIM: To report the chemical composition of urinary stones using infrared spectroscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The chemical composition of rinary stones recovered from 649 patients aged 1 to 97 years (68% males), were analyzed using a Perkin Elmer FTIR Spectrometer, Spectrum Two. RESULTS: Calcium oxalate monohydrate was the most common composition found in 45% of cases, followed by mixed composition, which included three ammonium phosphate stones in 29% of cases. Pure uric acid composition was found in 16% of stones. Three cystine stones were detected. CONCLUSIONS: These findings do not differ from those found in developed countries.
Subject(s)
Urinary Calculi , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Calcium Oxalate/analysis , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Uric Acid , Urinary Calculi/chemistry , Young AdultABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Emergency drainage of the urinary tract is the first necessary approach in patients with urosepsis secondary to obstructive ureteral calculi. The appropriate waiting time before definitive treatment has not been determined. We hypothesized that early ureteroscopic treatment after the patient has been stabilized is as safe as deferred treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A pilot study was developed between November 2013 and September 2017. Patients with urosepsis associated with ureteral calculi were included. All the patients were initially decompressed with a ureteral stent. Patients were randomized to early ureteroscopic treatment (EUT), who received definitive treatment during the initial hospitalization, or deferred ureteroscopic treatment (DUT), that received definitive treatment in a second hospitalization. The stone location and size, sex distribution, age, APACHE II score, length of hospital stay, days with ureteral catheter and complications were registered. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 12.0. RESULTS: A total of 13 patients were included in the EUT group and 13 in the DUT group. No differences in sex distribution, stone location, APACHE II score, age, stone size and time between admission and urinary drainage were found. Total length of hospital stay and complications were also similar between both groups. A statistically significant difference was found in terms of duration of antibiotic treatment (p = 0.04) and total days with double J catheter (p = 0.0009). CONCLUSIONS: EUT for ureteral stone is as safe as DUT in patients admitted with urosepsis secondary to ureterolithiasis. EUT is associated with a shorter period of ureteral stent and it is not associated with an increase in complications.
ABSTRACT
La progresión del cáncer de próstata (CaP) es regulada por el microentorno tumoral,el cual tiene como principal componente el estroma asociado al carcinoma (CAS). Sin embargo, los métodos experimentales usando cultivos primarios para modelar el comportamiento del estroma tumoral han sido insatisfactorios debido a la dificultad de obtener cultivos primarios de células estromales prostáticas humanas (Hpscs) con alta proporción de CAS. Así, el objetivo de este estudio consistió en estandarizar una metodología que permita ta obtención de cultivos primarios de HPSCs con alta proporción de CAS. Métodos: se recolectaron biopsias prostáticas de 10 pacientes,5 de ellos con CaP localmente avanzado y/o metastásico, y 5 sin evidencia de neoplasia. Se evaluó la proporción estromal por estudios histológicos y se estandarizó la obtención de cultivos primarios de HPScs mediante explantes de tejido. Los culilvos se caracterizaron por curvas de crecimiento y proliferación Resultados: El tejido obtenido desde biopsias prostáticas por punción de pacientes con CaP localmente avanzado y/o metastásico presentan alta proporción de CAS. La técnica explantes de tejido permite la obtención de cultivos primarios de HPSC desde biopsias, indicando además que cultivos primarios de CAS presentan un patrón de crecimiento y proliferación, superior a las células obtenidas de tejido benigno (BAS). Discusión: Nuestro estudio demuestra que a través de la técnica explantes de tejido es posible obtener cultivos primarios de HPSCs con CaP invasor, debido a que estos presentan zonas con alta proporción de CAS...
Tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in the progression of prostate cancer (CaP), which main component ¡s the ®carcinoma associated stroma¼ (CAS).However, the in vitro models utilizing human prostate stroma cells (HPSCs) as primary cultures have failed in recapitulate the human prostate microenvironment due to the unfeasibility to obtain primary cultures of HPSCs with a pure population of CAS. The aim of this study was to standardize a new methodology that allow to obtain primary cultures of HPSCs with high proportion of CAS. Methods: Primary cultures of HPSCs were obtained from explants of human needle biopsies from 5 benign and 5 locally advances and/or metastatic human prostate tissues. The primary cell cultures were characterized by proliferation rates and growth curves. Locally advanced and/or metastatic prostate needle biopsies exhibit a high presence of CAS. The analysis of human primary cultures isolated from benign and malignant prostate tissue explants revealed distinctive populations of HPSCs that can be distinguishable by proliferation rates and growth curves. Discussion: our studies demonstrated for the first time that prostate explants from needle biopsy, represents a feasible technique to obtain primary cultures of stromal cells from benign and malignant tissues, and represents in more accurate way the complexity of the tumor microenvironment...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Biopsy, Needle/methods , Stromal Cells , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Culture Techniques , Neoplasm InvasivenessABSTRACT
El aumento de utilización de imágenes diagnósticas en los últimos años para la evaluación de síntomas abdominales inespecíficos ha aumentado el hallazgo de masas renales asintomáticas. Entre 4 a 12 por ciento de los cánceres renales, corresponde a lesiones quísticas. Se han realizado múltiples estudios descriptivos, siendo el tratamiento de estas lesiones, aún tema en discusión. Objetivos: Los objetivos de este trabajo son: 1) evaluar la correlación de imágenes de tumores renales quísticos, con los resultados en la anatomía patológica; 2) evaluar los resultados y sobrevida en pacientes con cáncer renal quístico y 3) comparar su evolución y pronóstico con un grupo de pacientes con cáncer renal sólido. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de pacientes tratados en el Servicio de Urología del Hospital de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, por sospecha de cáncer renal quístico, entre los años 1999 y 2005. Los pacientes fueron tratados con nefrectomía parcial o radical. Para ello se evaluaron los datos clínicos, evolución y seguimiento de los enfermos. Se comparó etapa, grado de Fuhrman y sobrevida con un grupo de 47 pacientes con cáncer renal sólido, pareados por edad y sexo. Resultados: La serie está compuesta de 51 pacientes, 4 de los cuales, resultaron ser lesiones benignas. De los pacientes que presentaron cánceres renales quísticos (47 pacientes), la edad promedio de presentación fue de 57 años DE 12,3 (30-84). La distribución por sexo fue 72 por ciento hombres y 28 por ciento mujeres. Las formas de presentación fueron: 72,3 por ciento hallazgo por imágenes, 10,6 por ciento dolor abdominal, 6,3 por ciento hematuria, 2,1 por ciento masa palpable y 2,1 por ciento hematuria asociado a dolor. El tamaño tumoral promedio al TAC y anatomía patológica fue 5,4 y 4,9 cm, respectivamente. A los pacientes, se les realizó nefrectomía radical (57 por ciento) y parcial (43 por ciento). El alta quirúrgica fue en promedio a los 6,1 días. Histología: 92 por ciento carcinoma de células renales, variedad células claras, 4 por ciento mixto (células claras y papilar), 2 por ciento liposarcoma mixoideo de grasa perinefrítica y 2 por ciento indiferenciado...