[Analysis of rates of fatal blunt and sharp force trauma in the Russian Federation]. / Analiz pokazatelei smertel'noi travmy tupymi i ostrymi predmetami v Rossiiskoi Federatsii.

The objective of the work was to study the incidence of fatal blunt and sharp force trauma in the Russian Federation determined during forensic medical examinations (studies) of corpses over the period from 2003 to 2019. Medical statistics methods were used; percentages were calculated and the epidemiology and the trends of relative indicators of fatal trauma were determined. It was shown that in some regions of the Russian Federation, the relative rates of fatal trauma with blunt and sharp objects were significantly higher than the national averages.

[Dynamics of fatal injuries in Russian Federation from 2003 to 2019]. / Dinamika smertel'nogo travmatizma v Rossiiskoi Federatsii s 2003 po 2019 g.

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of the violent death structure in the Russian Federation; determination of the changes dynamics in indicators of its main types and identification of the most common ones. Currently, there are no studies with the results of a total data analysis on injuries in the Russian Federation. A number of scientific works devoted to the statistical analysis of injuries touch on short-term periods in individual subjects of the Russian Federation and certain types of injuries. The authors present the results of a detailed analysis of violent death's statistical indicators that can contribute to the monitoring of medical and statistical indicators for the implementation of priority and strategic directions in the health sector, improvement of legal regulation and other measures to strengthen public health and prevent risk factors. The dynamics of changes in various injuries types for the indicated period has been established. The most common types of violent death have been identified; the patterns of decrease and increase in certain death types have been established.

[Specifics of conducting forensic medical expertise of traffic accidents victims, in consideration with the modern car security systems]. / Spetsifika provedeniya sudebno-meditsinskikh ekspertiz postradavshikh v dorozhno-transportnykh proisshestviyakh s uchetom sovremennogo razvitiya sistem bezopasnosti avtomobilya.

The aim of this study was to determine the significance of the influence of cars safety systems design features on the nature and mechanism of the injury formation, as well as an analysis of the degree of knowledge of this issue. In order to achieve this goal, authors analyzed special literature related to the study of car injury and studied the literature of XX century and the latest research results presented in modern scientific articles and dissertations. This article includes classification of active and passive safety features in modern cars and the statistics of road accidents at the present time. Understudied aspects of car injury were identified. Authors made the conclusion, that it is necessary to develop new methods of determination of passengers and the driver position inside the car cabin during frontal, side collisions and overturning of the vehicle.

[Overdose deaths from narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in Russia (an analysis of materials for the period 2003 to 2018)]. / Smertel'nye otravleniia narkoticheskimi sredstvami i psikhotropnymi veshchestvami v Rossii (po materialam 2003-2018 gg.).

The purpose of the work is to study the prevalence of overdose deaths from narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in Russia, as determined by forensic autopsies, for the period 2003 to 2018. For the study, medical statistics were processed, the percentages for each indication were calculated, and the changes in the percentages for different types of overdose deaths were noted. It was established in forensic autopsies for the period under study, that the percentage of narcotic overdose deaths ranged from 4.2% to 16.6% of the total number of poisonings, while the percentage of overdose deaths from psychotropic substances ranged from 0.7% to 1.3%.

[The structure of the fatal mechanical injury in Russia (the analysis of the materials for the period from 2003 to 2017)]. / Struktura smertel'noi mekhanicheskoi travmy v Rossii (po materialam 2003-2017 gg.).

The objective of the present work was to analyze the results and efficiency of forensic medical expertises and investigations of the cases of the fatal mechanical injury in Russia carried out during the period from 2003 to 2017. The analysis included the data on the structure and personnel scheduling charts of the departments of forensic medical expertise of the corpses in the state-governed forensic medical expertise institutions. It was shown that the structure of the fatal mechanical injury differs in different regions of the country: some of them are characterized by the predominance of blunt traumas whereas road traffic injuries prevail in others. In addition, the analysis of the regional distribution of the gunshot injuries was carried out.

[Forensic medical expertises and the studies of material evidence of biological origin in Russia (based on the materials collected during the period from 2003 till 2017)]. / Sudebno-meditsinskie ékspertizy i issledovaniia veshchestvennykh dokazatel'stv biologicheskogo proiskhozhdeniia v Rossii (po materialam 2003-2017 gg.).

The objective of the present study was the analysis of expert activities of the forensic biological, forensic cytological, and molecular genetic divisions and laboratories of the state agencies carrying out forensic medical expertise in the Russian Federation during the past 15 year period (2003-2017). We scrutinized the data on the organizational structure and the personnel scheduling chart of the aforementioned units. The study has demonstrated the progressive decrease in the number of forensic biological and forensic cytological investigations versus enhanced activities of the molecular genetic laboratories. The volume of work done by the forensic biological department was reduced by 42% during 2017 in comparison with 2003 whereas that of molecular genetic expertises and investigations increased by 6.9 times within the same period. Simultaneously, the structure of the molecular genetic expertises and investigations underwent appreciable changes. The relative amount of blood studies decreased while that of hair, teeth, bones, and other biological tissues increased. The time spent for the performance of expertises and investigations in the respective departments and laboratories decreased in comparison with 2003.

[Alcohol-associated mortality in Russia (based on the materials for the period from 2011 till 2016)]. / Alkogol'-assotsiirovannaia smertnost' v Rossii (po materialam 2011-2016 gg.).

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of alcoholic drunkenness documented during forensic medical expertises (investigations) of the corpses carried out in this country throughout the period from 2011 till 2016. The investigations were conducted with the use of medical statistics methods by calculating the fractional difference, dynamics, and rates of detection of the cases of alcoholic intoxication depending on the cause of death. The study has demonstrated the high frequency of the cases of alcoholic drunkenness revealed during forensic medical expertises (investigations) of the corpses that amounted to 30.5% [15, 16]. The total number of the corpses examined in 2016 was 8.6% higher than in 2011. The frequency of the documented cases of alcoholic drunkenness during the same period decreased by 19.7%. The frequency of the documented cases of alcoholic drunkenness in the cases of violent death was 2.8 times that in the cases of death from various diseases (52.8 and 19.0% respectively). The enhanced frequency of alcoholic drunkenness in relation to the number of the conducted forensic medical expertises was documented in the cases of death by drowning and from hypothermia whereas the lowest frequency of alcoholic intoxication was recorded for the corpses of the people who had died from malignant tumours and diseases of the nervous system. Various regions of Russia differed in terms of the frequency of alcoholic drunkenness recorded among the recently deceased people.