ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE) has been widely used to assess the motor function of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) older than 2 years, with the ability to sit and/or walk. OBJECTIVE: To translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate the HFMSE to Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: The translation process and cross-cultural adaptation followed international guidelines recommendations. The reliability and applicability of the Brazilian version consisted of the application of the HFMSE (in Brazilian Portuguese) to 20 patients with types 2 and 3 SMA. Two examiners assessed the participants for interrater reliability, through the analysis of Kappa reliability agreement (k) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: The HFMSE was successfully translated and cross culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. Twenty participants with types 2 and 3 SMA were enrolled in the study (type 2 = 6; type 3 = 14). The ICC for the total score showed very high reliability (ICC =1.00), and the reliability of each of the items individually was considered excellent (Kappa > 0.80). CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the HFMSE proved to be valid and reliable for the evaluation of SMA patients older than 2 years with the ability to sit and/or walk.
ANTECEDENTES: A Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE) tem sido amplamente utilizada para avaliar a função motora de pacientes com atrofia muscular espinhal (AME) maiores de dois anos, com capacidade de sentar e/ou andar. OBJETIVO: Traduzir, adaptar transculturalmente e validar a HFMSE para o português brasileiro. MéTODOS: A tradução e a adaptação transcultural seguiram as diretrizes internacionais. A confiabilidade e a aplicabilidade da versão brasileira consistiram na aplicação da HFMSE (em português brasileiro) em 20 pacientes com AME tipos 2 e 3. Dois examinadores avaliaram os participantes quanto à confiabilidade interexaminadores, por meio da análise da concordância de confiabilidade Kappa (k) e do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]). RESULTADOS: O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural da HFMSE para o português brasileiro foi concluído com sucesso. Vinte participantes com AME tipos 2 e 3 foram incluídos no estudo (tipo 2 = 6; tipo 3 = 14). O ICC para o escore total apresentou confiabilidade alta (ICC = 1.00) e a confiabilidade de cada um dos itens individualmente foi considerada excelente (K > 0,80). CONCLUSãO: A HFMSE (PT-BR) mostrou-se válida e confiável para a avaliação de pacientes com AME, com mais de dois anos de idade e com capacidade de sentar-se independentemente e/ou andar.
Subject(s)
Cross-Cultural Comparison , Disability Evaluation , Translations , Humans , Brazil , Reproducibility of Results , Female , Male , Child , Adolescent , Cultural Characteristics , Adult , Young Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/physiopathology , Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/diagnosis , Severity of Illness Index , Language , Child, PreschoolABSTRACT
Abstract Background The Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE) has been widely used to assess the motor function of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) older than 2 years, with the ability to sit and/or walk. Objective To translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate the HFMSE to Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The translation process and cross-cultural adaptation followed international guidelines recommendations. The reliability and applicability of the Brazilian version consisted of the application of the HFMSE (in Brazilian Portuguese) to 20 patients with types 2 and 3 SMA. Two examiners assessed the participants for interrater reliability, through the analysis of Kappa reliability agreement (k) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results The HFMSE was successfully translated and cross culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. Twenty participants with types 2 and 3 SMA were enrolled in the study (type 2 = 6; type 3 = 14). The ICC for the total score showed very high reliability (ICC =1.00), and the reliability of each of the items individually was considered excellent (Kappa > 0.80). Conclusion The Brazilian version of the HFMSE proved to be valid and reliable for the evaluation of SMA patients older than 2 years with the ability to sit and/or walk.
Resumo Antecedentes A Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE) tem sido amplamente utilizada para avaliar a função motora de pacientes com atrofia muscular espinhal (AME) maiores de dois anos, com capacidade de sentar e/ou andar. Objetivo Traduzir, adaptar transculturalmente e validar a HFMSE para o português brasileiro. Métodos A tradução e a adaptação transcultural seguiram as diretrizes internacionais. A confiabilidade e a aplicabilidade da versão brasileira consistiram na aplicação da HFMSE (em português brasileiro) em 20 pacientes com AME tipos 2 e 3. Dois examinadores avaliaram os participantes quanto à confiabilidade interexaminadores, por meio da análise da concordância de confiabilidade Kappa (k) e do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]). Resultados O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural da HFMSE para o português brasileiro foi concluído com sucesso. Vinte participantes com AME tipos 2 e 3 foram incluídos no estudo (tipo 2 = 6; tipo 3 = 14). O ICC para o escore total apresentou confiabilidade alta (ICC = 1.00) e a confiabilidade de cada um dos itens individualmente foi considerada excelente (K > 0,80). Conclusão A HFMSE (PT-BR) mostrou-se válida e confiável para a avaliação de pacientes com AME, com mais de dois anos de idade e com capacidade de sentar-se independentemente e/ou andar.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to report the proportion of homozygous and compound heterozygous variants in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene in a large population of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and to correlate the severity of the disease with the presence of specific intragenic variants in SMN1 and with the SMN2 copy number. METHODS: Four hundred fifty Brazilian patients with SMA were included in a retrospective study, and clinical data were analyzed compared with genetic data; the SMN2 copy number was obtained by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and pathogenic variants in SMN1 by next-generation sequencing. RESULTS: Four hundred two patients (89.3%) presented homozygous exon 7-SMN1 deletion, and 48 (10.7%) were compound heterozygous for the common deletion in one allele and a point mutation in the other allele. Recurrent variants in exons 3 and 6 (c.460C>T, c.770_780dup and c.734_735insC) accounted for almost 80% of compound heterozygous patients. Another recurrent pathogenic variant was c.5C>G at exon 1. Patients with c.770_780dup and c.734_735insC had a clinical phenotype correlated with SMN2 copy number, whereas the variants c.460C>T and c.5C>G determined a milder phenotype independently of the SMN2 copies. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with specific pathogenic variants (c.460C>T and c.5C>G) presented a milder phenotype, and the SMN2 copy number did not correlate with disease severity in this group.