ABSTRACT
During the last decade, a multitude of epidemiological studies with different designs have been published assessing the association between the use of digital media and psychological well-being, including the incidence of mental disorders and suicidal behaviours. Particularly, available research has very often focused on smartphone use in teenagers, with highly addictive potential, coining the term 'problematic smartphone use' and developing specific scales to measure the addictive or problematic use of smartphones. Available studies, despite some methodological limitations and gaps in knowledge, suggest that higher screen time is associated with impaired psychological well-being, lower self-esteem, higher levels of body dissatisfaction, higher incidence of eating disorders, poorer sleeping outcomes and higher odds of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Moreover, a significant association has also been found between screen time and higher suicide risk. Finally, problematic pornography has been shown to be highly prevalent and it is a strong cause of concern to many public health departments and national governments because it might be eventually associated with aggressive sexual behaviours.
ABSTRACT
Background: Child and adolescent mental health problems have increased after the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to establish the association of the presence and intensity of posttraumatic stress due to COVID-19 with the presence of (1) self-harm and suicide risk, (2) depressive and anxious symptoms, (3) eating disorders and (4) problematic Internet and video game use. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on a sample of second-fourth grade secondary school students (14 to 16 years old) from Navarra and the Canary Islands recruited at the SESSAMO project. Validated questionnaires were used to assess the intensity of posttraumatic stress due to COVID-19, risk of suicide and presence of self-harm, symptoms of mental disorder and problematic use of the Internet and video games. Results: Out of 1423 participants analyzed, those with the highest level of posttraumatic stress showed a significant increase in the risk of suicide (OR = 5.18; 95% CI = 2.96-9.05) and in the presence of eating disorder symptoms (OR = 3.93; 95% CI = 2.21-7.00), and higher anxiety and depression scores (b coefficient for anxiety = 11.1; CI = 9.7-12.5; for depression = 13.0; CI = 11.5-14.5) as compared to those with the lowest level. Participants with a high level of posttraumatic stress were almost 10 times more likely to present problematic video game use (OR = 9.49; 95% CI = 3.13-28.82). Conclusions: Years after the pandemic, posttraumatic stress derived from it continues to impact the mental health of adolescents. Further long-term research is needed, as well as close follow-up and intervention in this population.
ABSTRACT
During last decades, a departure from health-related lifestyles has been observed among adolescents. Evidence reports that healthy lifestyles could be predictors of better mental health status. The aims of the SESSAMO Project are: 1) to assess the association between lifestyles and physical and mental health; 2) to assess how self-concept and stressful life events can modulate these associations; and 3) to establish the role of social determinants in the lifestyle and in adolescents' health. The SESSAMO Project is a prospective cohort carried out in Spain. Students aged 14-16 years (2nd-4th ESO) and their parents are invited to participate. Baseline data are collected through on-line, validated, self-administered questionnaires through a digital platform. Information on lifestyles, stressful life events and self-concept are collected. Screening of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, suicide risk, psychotic experiences and COVID impact is assessed. Every three years, up to age of 25, participants will be contacted again to update relevant information.
ABSTRACT
Evaluamos la asociación del consumo de tabaco o su abandono con el riesgo de depresión y determinamos si presentar depresión se asoció al inicio de fumar. Diseño: estudio de cohortes prospectivo de 16.519 graduados universitarios españoles sin depresión al inicio del estudio. El consumo de tabaco se determinó al inicio y tras cuatro años de seguimiento. Los casos incidentes de depresión fueron autoinformados en los cuestionarios de seguimiento. Usamos modelos de regresión de Cox para estimar los Hazard Ratios (HR) de depresión según el nivel de tabaquismo inicial y sus cambios. Se estimaron los Odds Ratios (OR) para la asociación entre prevalencia de tabaquismo a lo largo de la vida y comienzo del hábito con modelos de regresión logística. Se observó un HR (IC 95%) para fumadores de 1,24 (1,05-1,46) en comparación con los que nunca habían fumado. Los participantes con la exposición más alta al tabaco (≥ 20 paquetes-año) tuvieron un incremento relativo del riesgo de depresión de 38%. Dejar de fumar durante los primeros cuatro años de seguimiento se asoció inversamente con la depresión (HR = 0,63; IC 95% = 0,40-0,99). Observamos un incremento significativo del riesgo de aparición de tabaquismo en los participantes con prevalencia de depresión a lo largo de la vida (OR multivariable = 1,44; IC 95% = 1,13-1,83). Encontramos una asociación bidireccional entre el consumo de tabaco y la depresión en la cohorte SUN. El control del tabaco y las campañas sanitarias de abstinencia deberían considerarse estrategias efectivas de salud pública para prevenir y manejar los trastornos depresivos. (AU)
We assessed the association of tobacco use or smoking cessation with depression risk and determined if the presence of a depressive disorder was associated with smoking onset. We conducted a prospective cohort study (SUN Project) based on 16,519 Spanish university graduates without depression at baseline. Tobacco use was determined at baseline and after four years of follow-up. Incident cases of depression were ascertained according to a previously validated report of a clinical diagnosis of depression during follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of depression according to previous smoking status. We used logistic regression models as a secondary analysis to estimate Odds Ratios (OR) of smoking onset during the first four years of follow-up according to lifetime depression prevalence at baseline. The multivariable HR (95% CI) for current smokers was 1.24 (1.05-1.46) as compared to participants who had never smoked. Participants with the highest exposure to tobacco (≥ 20 packsyears) had a significant 38% relative increment in depression risk. Smoking cessation during the first four years of follow-up was inversely associated with depression (HR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.40-0.99). Finally, a significant increment in the risk of smoking onset for participants with lifetime depression prevalence was observed (multivariable OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.13-1.83). A bidirectional association between tobacco use and depression in the SUN cohort was found. Therefore, tobacco control and health promotion campaigns for smoking cessation could be considered as effective strategies of public health for the prevention and management of depressive disorders. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology , Tobacco Use Cessation/psychology , Depression , Cohort Studies , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
During last decades, a departure from health-related lifestyles has been observed among adolescents. Evidence reports that healthy lifestyles could be predictors of better mental health status. The aims of the SESSAMO Project are: 1) to assess the association between lifestyles and physical and mental health; 2) to assess how self-concept and stressful life events can modulate these associations; and 3) to establish the role of social determinants in the lifestyle and in adolescents health. The SESSAMO Project is a prospective cohort carried out in Spain. Students aged 14-16 years (2nd-4th ESO) and their parents are invited to participate. Baseline data are collected through on-line, validated, self-administered questionnaires through a digital platform. Information on lifestyles, stressful life events and self-concept are collected. Screening of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, suicide risk, psychotic experiences and COVID impact is assessed. Every three years, up to age of 25, participants will be contacted again to update relevant information. (AU)
En las últimas décadas se ha producido un alejamiento de los estilos de vida saludables en adolescentes. Los hábitos saludables pueden predecir una mejor salud mental. El proyecto SESSAMO tiene como objetivos: 1) determinar la asociación entre el estilo de vida y la salud física y mental; 2) determinar cómo el autoconcepto y los acontecimientos vitales estresantes pueden modular dichas asociaciones; y 3) establecer el papel de los determinantes sociales en el estilo de vida y en la salud de los adolescentes. Se trata de un estudio de cohortes prospectivo, dirigido a estudiantes de secundaria de 14-16 años y a sus padres. Los datos basales se recogen con cuestionarios validados y autoadministrados en una plataforma on-line. Se realiza un cribado de depresión, ansiedad, trastornos alimentarios, riesgo de suicidio, experiencias psicóticas e impacto de la COVID-19. Cada 3 años, hasta la edad de 25 años, se les volverá a contactar para actualizar la información relevante. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Healthy Lifestyle , Life Style , Mental Health , Mass Screening , Cohort Studies , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Introducción los ingresos involuntarios por razón de trastorno psíquico se producen con relativa asiduidad en las unidades de internamiento hospitalarias de nuestro país. Este trabajo someterá a estudio las características socio-demográficas y clínicas que se encuentran en relación con este tipo de pacientes, para disponer de más información, tanto clínica como legal, con la que trabajar y desempeñar una mejor función, administración de recursos y desarrollo de habilidades necesarias ante estas situaciones. Material y métodos estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo, en el cual se analizarán diferentes variables, seleccionadas previamente, presentes en la población de pacientes psiquiátricos ingresados involuntariamente en el Hospital Doctor Negrín en un período de tiempo de 2 años, 2019 y 2020, determinando así el grado de prevalencia de cada una de ellas. Resultados entre las variables más asociadas al ingreso involuntario se encuentran: ser varón, en la cuarta década de la vida, soltero, sin hijos ni empleo y con un diagnóstico de trastorno psicótico o afectivo mayor que muy probablemente ha abandonado el tratamiento. Discusión sería conveniente hacer un especial seguimiento a los pacientes que cumplan el perfil anteriormente descrito con el objetivo de minimizar la involuntariedad. Es necesario el desarrollo de programas educacionales, de seguimiento y adherencia al alcance de la población de pacientes psiquiátricos para así poder minimizar la necesidad de ingresos involuntarios en nuestro medio. (AU)
Introduction Involuntary admissions due to mental disorders occur with relative regularity in hospital admission units in our country. This work will study the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics found in relation to this type of patients, in order to have more information, both clinical and legal, with which to work and perform a better function, administration of resources and development of necessary skills in these situations. Material and methods Retrospective descriptive observational study, in which different variables will be analyzed, previously selected, present in the population of psychiatric patients involuntarily admitted to the Doctor Negrín Hospital in a period of 2 years, 2019 and 2020, thus determining, the degree of prevalence of each of them. Results Among the variables most associated with involuntary admission are, being a man, in the fourth decade of life, single, without children, or employment, with a diagnosis of major psychotic or affective disorder who has most likely abandoned treatment. Discussion It would be advisable to carry out a special follow-up of patients who meet the profile described above in order to minimize involuntary occurrence. It is necessary to develop educational, follow-up and adherence programs within the reach of the population of psychiatric patients in order to minimize the need for involuntary admissions in our environment. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Involuntary Treatment, Psychiatric/classification , Involuntary Treatment, Psychiatric/statistics & numerical data , Psychotic Disorders/therapy , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , SpainABSTRACT
The study aimed to prospectively examine the association between different sedentary behaviors and the risk of depression. We included 12,691 Spanish university graduates (mean age: 36.7 year; SD: 11.5), participants of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra cohort (the SUN Project), initially free of depression who were followed-up for a median of 10.9 years. Based on items presented in our baseline questionnaire, time spent in four sedentary behaviors (hours/day) were evaluated: overall sitting time; TV-viewing; computer use; and driving. Participants were classified as incident cases of depression if they reported a physician diagnosis of depression in at least one of the follow-up assessments conducted after the first two years of follow-up. Cox regression models were used to assess the relationship between sedentary behaviors and depression. A total of 560 incident cases of depression were identified during follow-up. We found no significant association between overall sitting time, TV-viewing or driving and risk of depression. On the other hand, computer use was directly associated with the risk of developing depression during the follow-up (p-value for trend = 0.020), with the participants in the highest quartile of computer use (3.64 to 10 hours/week) having a higher risk of developing depression (HR = 1.33; 95%CI: 1.05-1.70) than those in the lowest quartile (0 to 0.25 hours/week) after adjusting for potential confounders. Prolonged use of computer was independently associated with an increased risk of developing depression among young middle-aged adult university graduates from a Spanish cohort.
El objetivo del estudio fue examinar prospectivamente la asociación entre diferentes comportamientos sedentarios y el riesgo de depresión. Incluimos a 12.691 graduados universitarios españoles (media de edad: 36,7 años; SD: 11,5), participantes en la cohorte de Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (Proyecto SUN), que no sufrieran depresión inicialmente y a quienes se les realizó un seguimiento durante una mediana de 10.9 años. Basados en los ítems presentados en nuestro cuestionario de línea de base, se evaluó el tiempo transcurrido con cuatro comportamientos sedentarios (horas/día): tiempo sentado en general, tiempo viendo TV, usando el ordenador, y conduciendo. Los participantes se clasificaron como casos incidentes de depresión, si informaban de un diagnóstico médico de depresión, emitido por un doctor en al menos una de las evaluaciones de seguimiento llevadas a cabo tras los dos primeros años de seguimiento. Los modelos de regresión Cox se usaron para evaluar la relación entre comportamientos sedentarios y depresión. Se identificaron un total de 560 casos incidentes de depresión durante el seguimiento. No encontramos ninguna asociación significativa entre el tiempo sentado en general, tiempo viendo TV, o conduciendo y el riesgo de depresión. Por otro lado, el uso del ordenador estuvo directamente asociado con el riesgo de desarrollar depresión durante el seguimiento (valor de p para tendencia = 0,020), con los participantes en el cuartil más alto de uso del ordenador (3,64 a 10 horas/semana) teniendo un riesgo más alto de desarrollar depresión (HR = 1,33; IC95%: 1,05-1,70), respecto a quienes estaban en el cuartil más bajo (0 a 0,25 horas/semana) tras realizar un ajuste para potenciales factores de confusión. El uso prolongado del ordenador estuvo independientemente asociado con el mayor riesgo de desarrollar depresión entre adultos jóvenes de mediana edad, graduados universitarios, procedentes de una cohorte española.
O estudo buscou examinar prospectivamente a associação entre diversos comportamentos sedentários e risco de depressão. Incluímos 12.691 indivíduos espanhóis com nível universitário (média de idade: 36,7 anos; DP: 11,5), participantes da coorte Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (Projeto SUN), inicialmente sem depressão, que foram seguidos por uma mediana de 10,9 anos. Com base nos itens apresentados no questionário da linha de base, foram avaliados os tempos gastos em quatro comportamentos sedentários (horas/dia): total de tempo sentado e tempo assistindo televisão, usando computador e dirigindo. Os participantes eram classificados como casos incidentes de depressão quando relatavam um diagnóstico de depressão feito por médico em pelo menos uma das avaliações de seguimento após os primeiros dois anos de seguimento. Foram usados modelos de regressão Cox para avaliar a relação entre comportamentos sedentários e depressão. Foram identificados 560 casos incidentes de depressão durante o seguimento. Não encontramos associação entre total de tempo sentado, tempo assistindo TV ou dirigindo e risco de depressão. Por outro lado, o uso de computador mostrou associação direta com o risco de desenvolver depressão durante o seguimento (valor de p para tendência = 0,020), no qual os participantes no quartil mais alto de uso de computador (entre 3,64 e 10 horas/semana) tiveram o risco maior de desenvolver depressão (HR = 1,33; IC95%: 1,05-1,70) comparados com aqueles no quartil mais baixo (0 a 0,25 horas/semana), depois de ajustar para potenciais fatores de confusão. O uso prolongado do computador esteve associado de maneira independente com risco aumentado de desenvolver depressão em adultos de meia idade com nível universitário em uma coorte espanhola.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although the third molar is the tooth with the greatest anatomical and developmental variability, some authors consider it important to estimate whether a subject is of legal age or not. The Demirjian's technique is the most widely used tool to estimate dental age and was therefore used in our study to assess possible correlation between the age of majority and the maturational degree of the lower third molars, evaluated through radiographic images. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This observational transversal study was conducted on 180 panoramic radiographs from consecutive patients. The degree of maturation of the lower third molar was independently classified by two observers, according to the Demirjian 's maturational stage method. RESULTS: A total of 180 patients - 65 men (36.12%) and 115 women (63.88%) - were included (mean age 21.6 years; standard deviation 5.2). The age range of our subjects corresponded to maturational stages D to H in the Demirjian's classification. A logistic regression analysis showed that subjects classified into the highest maturational stage H had a significantly higher probability of being considered of legal age by both observers, as compared with subjects in the lowest stage D. Inter-observer agreement was very high. Gender predictive capacity was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that subjects with the lower third molars in the highest maturational stage could be estimated to be older than 18 years and therefore considered of legal age, a finding also reported by other authors. The Demirjian's tooth maturational stage method, applied to the lower third molars, can be reliably used to estimate whether an individual is of legal age (18 years or older). High concordance between different observers using this method can be expected
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Molar, Third/growth & development , Molar, Third/diagnostic imaging , Age Determination by Teeth/methods , Radiography, Panoramic , Radiography, Dental, Digital/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observer Variation , Reference Standards , Reproducibility of Results , Logistic ModelsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the Mediterranean diet (MD) on weight gain and obesity in pregnant women in Gran Canaria. METHODS: Cross sectional study in 170 pregnant women We measured the adherence to the MD before and during pregnancy by a food frequency questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) was determined in the first prenatal visit. Appropriate weight gain was calculated according to the recommendations set by the American Institute of Medicine. We established the association between the degree of compliance with the MD and the increase in BMI (regression coefficients [b] and their confidence intervals (CI) ([95% CI]) and weight gain (Odds ratios [OR] and their 95% CI) during pregnancy. RESULTS: Women with a high baseline adherence to the Mediterranean diet gained less weight during pregnancy (b -1.54; CI 95% -2.53 to -0.56) than women with poor adherence. One point increase in the adherence to this diet during pregnancy was associated with an enhanced probability of appropriate weight gain (OR 1.39; CI 95%1.06 to 1.82).CONCLUSIONS:A high baseline adherence to the MD may protect against overweight and obesity during pregnancy. Intensifying this habit during gestation can increase the probability of an appropriate weight gain (AU)
Objetivo: Estimar el grado de adhesión al Patrón de Dieta Mediterránea (DM) en gestantes de Gran Canaria antes del embarazo y en el tercer trimestre valorando su relación con el incremento ponderal y la ganancia adecuada de peso durante el mismo. Sujetos y método: Estudio transversal en 170 gestantes de Gran Canaria. Se estimó la adhesión a DM al inicio del embarazo y en el tercer trimestre mediante un cuestionario frecuencia de consumo validado. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) se determinó al inicio y en el tercer trimestre a partir de los datos de peso y talla de la historia clínica. Se calculó la ganancia adecuada de peso según las recomendaciones establecidas por el Instituto de Medicina Estadounidense. Se estableció la asociación entre la adhesión a DM y sus cambios durante el embarazo y el incremento en el IMC (coeficientes de regresión (b) y sus intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%)) y una ganancia de peso adecuada (Odds Ratios (OR) y sus IC 95%). Resultados: Las mujeres con muy alta adhesión a la DM antes del embarazo ganaron menos peso durante el mismo (b: -1,54; IC 95%: 95% -2,53 a -0,56) que las mujeres con muy baja adhesión al patrón. El incremento en un punto en la adhesión a la DM durante el embarazo se asoció con una mayor probabilidad de ganancia de peso adecuada (OR: 1,39; IC 95%: 1,06 a 1,82). Conclusiones: Una alta adhesión a la DM antes del embarazo podría proteger frente a estados de sobrepeso y obesidad durante el mismo. Un mayor incremento en la adhesión a la DM durante la gestación puede aumentar la probabilidad de una ganancia adecuada de peso en el embarazo (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Diet, Mediterranean/statistics & numerical data , Overweight/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Weight Gain , Maternal Nutrition , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Fundamento y objetivo: Describir la composición de la dieta en una muestra de embarazadas sanas de Canarias y estimar la calidad de ésta utilizando el HEI (Healthy Eating Index índice de alimentación saludable). Pacientes y método: Estudio transversal de 103 mujeres entre los 18 y los 40 años que dieron a luz en el Hospital Universitario Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria. Se estimó el consumo de alimentos, macronutrientes y micronutrientes mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, utilizado en la Encuesta Nutricional de Canarias. Se calculó el HEI que incluye 10 componentes, la puntuación máxima posible del índice es de 100. Resultados: La puntuación del índice fue de 54,9. Esta puntuación se aleja de la óptima de ≥80 requerida para calificar como buena la calidad de la dieta de las embarazadas de esta población de estudio. La puntuación media de los 5 primeros componentes del índice mostró que el consumo de cereales fue inferior al número de raciones diarias recomendadas, mientras que el consumo de vegetales, frutas, lácteos y carnes superó las recomendaciones. Además, se observó que un importante porcentaje de gestantes no alcanzaron el 50% de la ingesta recomendada de hierro, folatos y vitamina D (36,9, 26 y 38,8% respectivamente). Sin embargo, más de un 30% de la población superó el 200% de la ingesta recomendada para las proteínas, tiamina, niacina, riboflavina y vitaminas A y C. Conclusiones: Es necesario el consejo dietético para mejorar la calidad de la dieta durante el embarazo y la suplementación principalmente con hierro y folatos (AU)
Background and objective: To describe the composition of the diet of healthy pregnant women of the Canary Islands and to estimate the nutritional quality using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Patients and method: Cross-sectional study based on 103 women aged 18-40 years, who gave birth at the University Hospital Materno-Infantil of Gran Canaria. Food consumption and macro and micronutrient intake were estimated using a food frequency questionnaire used in the Canary Island Nutrition Survey (ENCA) and the HEI was calculated. This index includes 10 components and the maximum possible score of the index is 100 points. Results: The score of the index was 54,9. This result remains below the optimum score of ≥80, which is considered a diet of good quality of pregnant women in our study population. The average score of the first 5 components of the index showed that cereal consumption was below the daily portions recommended for pregnant women, whereas vegetables, fruit, milk and meat consumption surpassed the recommendations. A significant number of pregnant women did not reach the 50% of the recommendations for iron, folate and vitamin D intake (36,9, 26,2 and 38,8% respectively). At least 30% of the population exceeded 200% of the recommendations for proteins, thiamine, niacin, riboflavin, vitamin C and vitamin A. Conclusions: Dietary advice for improving the diet quality during pregnancy and the supplementation of mainly iron and folate are necessary (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Prenatal Nutrition , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritive Value , Cross-Sectional Studies , SpainABSTRACT
Fundamentos: El trabajo a turnos induce hábitos de vida anómalos, lo cual se asocia a mayor morbilidad en los trabajadores. En este estudio se realiza una valoración de los hábitos nutricionales durante la semana laboral según el turno de trabajo en un grupo de trabajadores del Ayuntamiento de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Métodos: La población de estudio estuvo compuesta por 255 peones de limpieza viaria, 28 recolectores de recogida de residuos sólidos y 18 trabajadores del servicio de limpieza; sometidos a turnos de trabajo (mañanas, tardes, noches y rotatorio), que representan el 87% del colectivo municipal en estudio. El número de encuestas estudiadas ha sido 262. Se determinó la ingesta dietética mediante cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos autoadministrado con ochenta y dos alimentos, junto a una valoración del turno de trabajo, estilos de vida, actividad física, hábitos de consumo de las comidas principales, actividad física, hábitos tabáquicos, formas de vivir, categoría profesional, edad y sexo. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS Base v. 15.0 para entorno Windows. Se calculó el consumo medio de alimentos (gr. /día) según turnicidad. La proporción de la distribución de las variables categóricas se realizó mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado. Resultados: Se observa que sólo un 34% desayunan en casa al levantarse, y un 76% hacen una comida a media mañana. Los postres en la comida son fruta (50%) y pasteles o lácteos (50%), y en la cena son mayoritariamente lácteos y pasteles (70%) y en menor proporción fruta (30%). Existen pocas diferencias en función del turno, a excepción del hábito de comer entre horas o snacks. Un 30% de la población cena un vaso de leche con galletas. Conclusiones: El hábito de tomar determinados alimentos tiene relación con el turno laboral. Es necesario mejorar localidad nutricional de la totalidad del colectivo estudiado mejorando el desayuno y la cena, y disminuyendo las comidas entre horas y los picoteos. Educar tanto al colectivo en estudio como a todos los trabajadores sometidos a turnicidad, mediante estudios previos al comenzar los cambios de turnos y con Guías adaptadas a cada turno de trabajo es una necesidad a corto plazo(AU)
Background. Shift work induces anomalous life styles, associated to increased morbidity in the workers. In this study and assessment of nutritional habits is made (breakfast, meals, outer suppers and exits) during the labour week according to the work turn in a group of workers of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Town Council. Methods: Descriptive observational study cross-sectional character. The study population was composed by 255 shiftworkers of road cleaning, 28 workers collecting of solid residues and 18 workers of the service of cleaning; put under work turns (mornings, afternoons, nights and rotator), that represent 87% of the municipal group in study. The number of studied surveys has been 262. Dietary intakes was assessed by a self registered food frequency questionnaire with eighty and two foods, next to a valuation of the work turn (shift workers), styles of life, physical activity, habits of consumption of the main meals, physical activity, tobacco habits, forms to live, professional category, age and sex. The data were analyzed by means of statistical package SPSS Base v.15.0 for surroundings Windows. The food mean consumption calculated (gr./day) according to shift work. The proportion of the distribution of the categorical variables was made by means of the test of Chi-square. Results: In this group it is observed that only a 34% have breakfast in house when rising, and a 76% make a food to mid-morning. The desserts in the food are milky fruit (50%) and pies (70%) and in smaller proportion fruit (30%). Few differences based on the turn exist, with the exception of the habit to eat between hours or snacks. A 30% of the population have supper a milk glass with cakes. Conclusions: the habit to take certain foods has relation with the labour turn. It is necessary to improve nutritional quality of the totality of the studied group being improved the breakfast and the supper, and diminishing the meals between hours and the snacks. To as much educate to the group in study like a all the submissive shift workers, by means of previous studies when beginning the changes of turns and with Guides adapted to each turn of work is a necessity in the short term(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Feeding Behavior , Shift Work Schedule , Life Style , Eating , Modalities, Hourly , Food and Nutrition Education , Nutrition SurveysABSTRACT
Fundamento y objetivo: Numerosos estudios, en su mayoría transversales, han analizado la asociación entre hábito tabáquico y depresión, pero hasta el momento no hay evidencias suficientes para establecer el sentido de esta posible asociación. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido realizar un análisis prospectivo de la asociación entre hábito tabáquico e incidencia de depresión en la cohorte SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra). Sujetos y método: Se ha realizado un estudio de cohortes dinámico (reclutamiento permanentemente abierto), basado en 8.556 participantes universitarios, en quienes se valoró la incidencia de depresión en un período de 6 años de seguimiento prospectivo. La depresión se definió por el diagnóstico médico y/o consumo de antidepresivos referidos por el propio participante en al menos uno de los cuestionarios de seguimiento realizados a los 2, 4 y 6 años. La asociación entre el hábito tabáquico y la incidencia de depresión se estimó calculando los cocientes de riesgos (hazard ratios [HR]) y sus intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95% mediante modelos de regresión de Cox (riesgos proporcionales). Resultados: El tiempo medio de seguimiento de los participantes fue de 47,4 meses. Durante el seguimiento 190 participantes inicialmente exentos de depresión refirieron un diagnóstico médico de depresión. Se encontró un riesgo significativamente superior en fumadores (HR = 1,39; IC del 95%, 1,00-1,93) comparados con no fumadores, mientras que la relación era inversa en exfumadores que hacía más de 10 años que habían dejado el tabaco (HR = 0,42; IC del 95%, 0,19-0,94). Conclusiones: Este estudio indica una relación directa entre el consumo de tabaco y la incidencia de depresión
Background and objective: Several investigations, most of them cross-sectional, have analyzed the association between smoking and depression, but there are not enough evidences to establish the direction of the association. Our objective was to prospectively assess the association between smoking habit and depression incidence in the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) cohort. Subjects and method: Dynamic cohort study (recruitment permanently open) based on 8,556 graduate participants where depression incidence was ascertained during 6 years of follow-up. Depression was defined as the presence of a self-reported physician diagnosis and/or use of antidepressant medication in at least one of the 2-year, 4-year or 6-year follow-up questionnaires. The association between smoking and depression incidence was estimated through the calculation of hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Cox regression models (proportional hazards). Results: The mean follow-up period was 47.4 months. One hundred and ninety participants initially free of depression reported a physician diagnosis of depression during follow-up. A significantly higher risk was found for smokers (HR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.00-1.93) when they were compared to non smokers, whereas an inverse association was found for ex-smokers who had quit smoking more than 10 years ago (HR = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19-0.94). Conclusions: This study supports, with a prospective design, an increased risk of depression associated to smoking
Subject(s)
Humans , Depression/epidemiology , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Tobacco Use Cessation/statistics & numerical data , Cohort Studies , Follow-Up StudiesABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Shift Work Schedule/physiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm/physiopathology , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Life Style , Feeding Behavior , Body Mass IndexABSTRACT
FUNDAMENTO: La dieta y el estilo de vida sedentario son considerados los principales factores que pueden explicar el incremento actual en la obesidad. Aunque en ciertos países se haya registrado un descenso en la ingestión de grasas, el porcentaje de sobrepeso y obesidad ha aumentado en los últimos tiempos. Se piensa que la ingestión de grasa no tiene por qué ser el principal factor que determine la creciente prevalencia de obesidad. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el papel que desempeñan una vida sedentaria y el hábito de comer entre horas como determinantes en un cambio de peso reciente (en los últimos 5 años). MÉTODO: Se han analizado de forma transversal los datos basales del proyecto SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) un estudio prospectivo de cohortes basado en cuestionarios enviados por correo. A partir de estos datos, se ajustaron modelos de regresión logística no condicional para estimar las odds ratio (OR) de ganar peso ajustando por edad, actividad física durante el tiempo libre, horas dedicadas a ver la televisión, dormir la siesta, hábito tabáquico, hábito de comer entre horas e ingestión de diversos nutrientes. RESULTADOS: Se encontró una asociación negativa entre el incremento del ejercicio físico y la probabilidad de ganar peso, que sólo resultó significativa para varones (OR = 0,93; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 per cent, 0,88-0,98) pero se aproximó a la significación estadística entre las mujeres. El hábito de comer entre horas se asoció con una mayor probabilidad de ganar peso en varones (OR = 1,88; IC del 95 per cent, 1,40-2,53) y en mujeres (OR = 1,38; IC del 95 per cent, 1,101,73). CONCLUSIONES: Se encontraron evidencias que apoyan la hipótesis de que comer entre horas es un importante determinante en la ganancia de peso en edades medias de la vida (AU)