ABSTRACT
Background: Hematological neoplasms (HNs) are the first and most common childhood cancers globally. Currently, there is a lack of updated population-based data on the incidence of these cancers in the Spanish pediatric population. This study aimed to describe the incidence and incidence trends of HNs in children (0-14 years) in Spain using data from the Spanish Network of Cancer Registries and to compare the results with other southern European countries. Methods: Data were extracted from 15 Spanish population-based cancer registries between 1983 and 2018. Cases were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition, first revision, and grouped according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer, third edition. Crude rates (CRs), age-specific rates, and age-standardized incidence rates using the 2013 European population (ASRE) were calculated and expressed as cases per 1,000,000 child-years. Incidence trends and annual percentage changes (APCs) were estimated. Results: A total of 4,747 HNs were recorded (59.5% boys). Age distribution [n (%)] was as follows: <1 year, 266 (5.6%); 1-4 years, 1,726 (36.4%); 5-9 years, 1,442 (30.4%); and 10-14 years, 1,313 (27.6%). Leukemias were the most common group, with a CR and an ASRE of 44.0 (95%CI: 42.5; 45.5) and 44.1 (95%CI: 42.6; 45.7), respectively. The CR and ASRE of lymphomas were 20.1 (95%CI: 19.1; 21.1) and 20.0 (95%CI: 19.0; 21.1), respectively. The comparable incidence rates between our results and those of other southern European countries were similar for lymphomas, while some differences were observed for leukemias. From 1988 to 2016, the trend in leukemia incidence was stable for both sexes, with an APC of 0.0 (95%CI: -0.5; 0.7), whereas a constant overall increase was observed for lymphoma in both sexes, with an APC of 1.0 (95%CI: 0.4; 1.6). Conclusion: Leukemias are the most common HNs in children, and their incidence has remained stable since 1988, whereas the incidence of lymphomas has increased every year. Lymphoma incidence is like that of other southern European countries, while leukemia incidence is similar only to that of southwestern European countries. Collaborative cancer registry projects allow for assessing epidemiological indicators for cancers such as HNs, which helps health authorities and clinicians provide more knowledge about these malignancies.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: Uno de los elementos abordados desde la Estrategia para la Nutrición, Actividad física y prevención de la Obesidad y Salud (NAOS) es la alimentación en el medio escolar. Objetivo: Evaluar, tomando como referencia el conjunto mínimo de indicadores y recomendaciones de la Estrategia NAOS, una muestra de menús distribuidos en varios comedores escolares de Bizkaia. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal basado en la revisión teórica de los menús basales distribuidos por siete cocinas centrales que abastecen a 324 centros escolares (80.969 alumnos). Se determinó y valoró la frecuencia semanal de varios grupos de alimentos; los documentos de referencia fueron 'Evaluación y Seguimiento de la Estrategia NAOS: Conjunto de Indicadores' y las recomendaciones del 'Documento de Consenso sobre la alimentación en los centros educativos'. Resultados y discusión: El 100% de los comedores cumple con los mínimos relativos a legumbres, pescados y precocinados y con las recomendaciones relativas a carne y productos cárnicos. Si bien se aproximan bastante, ninguno cumple con los mínimos de fruta, verdura o con la información nutricional complementaria. Se han evidenciado diferencias entre las recomendaciones de La Estrategia NAOS y las condiciones exigidas por el Departamento de Educación, así como dificultades en la cuantificación y clasificación de varios alimentos. Conclusiones: Se recomienda incrementar el contenido en frutas, verduras, huevos y pescado azul de los menús escolares, así como ofrecer a las familias una información de los menús más detallada (AU)
Introduction: One of the areas of intervention of the Spanish strategy for nutrition, physical activity and prevention of obesity (NAOS) is school nutrition. Objectives: To evaluate, taking as reference the minimum set of indicators and recommendations of NAOS Strategy, a sample of school lunch menus distributed in several school dining rooms of Biscay. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted, based on the theoretical information of the basal menus distributed by seven catering enterprises to 324 schools (80,969 pupils). Weekly frequency of several types of food groups was determined and evaluated; reference documents were 'Evaluation and Monitoring of NAOS Strategy: set of indicators' and recommendations of the 'Consensus document of feeding in school'. Results and discussion: The 100 per cent of the school dining rooms meets minimums concerning legumes, fish and pre-cooked meals and with the recommendations of meat and meat products. However, although being close to guidelines, none meets the minimum of fruit, vegetables or of additional nutritional information. Differences among NAOS Strategy recommendations and requirements of the Department of Education have been found, and also difficulties in the quantification and classification of several foodstuffs. Conclusions: It is recommended to increase the content of fruits, vegetables, eggs and oily fish in school menus as well as offering more detailed description of menus to families (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Nutritive Value , School Feeding , Food Preferences , Food Analysis , Child Nutrition , Nutritional Requirements , Nutritional FactsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: One of the areas of intervention of the Spanish strategy for nutrition, physical activity and prevention of obesity (NAOS) is school nutrition. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate, taking as reference the minimum set of indicators and recommendations of NAOS Strategy, a sample of school lunch menus distributed in several school dining rooms of Biscay. METHODS: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted, based on the theoretical information of the basal menus distributed by seven catering enterprises to 324 schools (80,969 pupils). Weekly frequency of several types of food groups was determined and evaluated; reference documents were "Evaluation and Monitoring of NAOS Strategy: set of indicators" and recommendations of the "Consensus document of feeding in school". RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The 100 per cent of the school dining rooms meets minimums concerning legumes, fish and pre-cooked meals and with the recommendations of meat and meat products. However, although being close to guidelines, none meets the minimum of fruit, vegetables or of additional nutritional information. Differences among NAOS Strategy recommendations and requirements of the Department of Education have been found, and also difficulties in the quantification and classification of several foodstuffs. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended to increase the content of fruits, vegetables, eggs and oily fish in school menus as well as offering more detailed description of menus to families.
Introducción: Uno de los elementos abordados desde la Estrategia para la Nutrición, Actividad física y prevención de la Obesidad y Salud (NAOS) es la alimentación en el medio escolar. Objetivo: Evaluar, tomando como referencia el conjunto mínimo de indicadores y recomendaciones de la Estrategia NAOS, una muestra de menús distribuidos en varios comedores escolares de Bizkaia. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal basado en la revisión teórica de los menús basales distribuidos por siete cocinas centrales que abastecen a 324 centros escolares (80.969 alumnos). Se determinó y valoró la frecuencia semanal de varios grupos de alimentos; los documentos de referencia fueron "Evaluación y Seguimiento de la Estrategia NAOS: Conjunto de Indicadores" y las recomendaciones del "Documento de Consenso sobre la alimentación en los centros educativos". Resultados y discusión: El 100% de los comedores cumple con los mínimos relativos a legumbres, pescados y precocinados y con las recomendaciones relativas a carne y productos cárnicos. Si bien se aproximan bastante, ninguno cumple con los mínimos de fruta, verdura o con la información nutricional complementaria. Se han evidenciado diferencias entre las recomendaciones de La Estrategia NAOS y las condiciones exigidas por el Departamento de Educación, así como dificultades en la cuantificación y clasificación de varios alimentos. Conclusiones: Se recomienda incrementar el contenido en frutas, verduras, huevos y pescado azul de los menús escolares, así como ofrecer a las familias una información de los menús más detallada.
