Mismatch Repair Protein Deficiency Does Not Affect Disease Free Survival in Type I Endometrial Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and mismatch repair (MMR) protein levels in patients with type 1 endometrial carcinoma. Many studies have reported different results regarding the role of MMR in the prognosis of endometrial carcinoma; therefore, we aimed to identify this association in our hospital. METHODS: This observational study employed a historical cohort design and included patients with type 1 endometrial carcinoma who underwent surgery at Dr. Soetomo Hospital between January 2017 and December 2019. Medical records and paraffin blocks meeting these criteria were obtained. MMR proteins (MLH1 and MSH2) were assessed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: A total of 46 patients with type 1 endometrial carcinoma were analyzed. We observed MMR deficiency (dMMR) in 12 patients (26.1%) and MMR proficiency (pMMR) in 34 patients (73.9%). Of the 12 patients with dMMR, nine cases (75%) were diagnosed as stage I and 7 (58.33%) as low grade. The 3-year DFS in patients with dMMR and pMMR was 83.3% and 67.6%, respectively (Hazard Ratio 2.31, 95% CI 0.5135-10.475, p=0.27). Higher stages had a 5.42 times increased risk of recurrence (95% CI 1.3378-21.9358, p=0.018). Higher histopathological grades were also associated with 8.65 times increased risk of recurrence (95% CI 2.5020-29.8738, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Patients with dMMR had a better DFS compared to those with pMMR; however, the difference was not statistically significant. The tumor stage and histopathological grade were independent risk factors for recurrence.

Acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile in BALB/c mice.

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of goat bile in BALB/c mice since some Indonesian people consume raw goat gallbladder to treat malaria and increase stamina. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute toxicity test was done in six groups of BALB/c mice using 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.75% of goat bile and negative control. The death of mice was observed within 14 days. In the subacute toxicity test, the body weight and hematology parameters on day 0 and day 4 post-treatment were evaluated. The mice were closely observed for 28 days before plasma collection for the blood biochemistry evaluation. RESULTS: Mild diarrhea was observed in acute and subacute toxicity tests. No death of mice was observed in acute test. Goat bile did not inhibit the increase of the body weight of mice. A slight reduction in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in mice treated with 25% and 50% goat bile, however, remained normal in mice treated with 100% goat bile. The red and white blood cell count were not affected. Liver and kidney functions were not affected by goat bile treatment as revealed by the plasma level of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine, which remained in the normal range. CONCLUSION: Goat bile treatment in BALB/c mice caused mild toxicity in mice. Hydrophobic bile acids may cause the toxicity of goat bile in mice; therefore, it is recommended that goat bile consumption not to be taken oftenly to avoid its harmful effect.

Communicating Fistula Between Colocutan and Nephrocutan With Renal Stones and Renal Replacement Lipomatosis. A Case Report.

Colocutaneous fistula with nephrocutaneous fistula is a rare condition. Renal replacement lipomatosis is the result of the atrophy and destruction of renal parenchyma. We report a 60-year-old male with intermittent drainage mucus and fluid from ulcer of his right lumbar region. Renal ultrasound and plain abdominal X-ray revealed a chronic parenchymal disease with stone of the right kidney. Fistulography showed a fistula tract connecting the skin and the right pelvicalyceal system and the colon. Computerized tomography demonstrated a renal calculus with a massive fatty proliferation. The patient was planned for right nephrectomy and excision of the sinus tract.