ABSTRACT
In this paper, chitosan was used as protective agent for dual temperature-/pH-sensitive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-itaconic acid-co-ethylene- glycol dimethacrylate)- based hydrogel nanoparticles (poly(NVCL-co-IA-co-EGDMA)) aiming avoid their undesirable colloidal destabilization at different conditions of body human tissues. Thus, poly(NVCL-co-IA-co-EGDMA) was embedded into chitosan and a new solid dispersion was prepared via spray-drying and ketoprofen was used as carrier. Two different sizes of hydrogel nanoparticles (120.6 nm and 185.9 nm) were evaluated and they exhibited a drug encapsulation efficiency of the 39.6% and 57.8%, respectively. The smaller nanoparticles showed to be faster for releasing of ketoprofen at pH 7.4 and 37 °C due to their larger surface area and higher swelling ability. Chitosan played a role of a secondary barrier for the ketoprofen diffusion, extending its release compared to hydrogel nanoparticles alone. Among two concentrations (40 wt% and 70 wt%) of hydrogel nanoparticles related to chitosan, the first one induced higher percentages of ketoprofen release: 74.2% against 64.6%. In addition, the interactions between chitosan matrix and poly(NVCL-co-IA-co-EGDMA) did not change the multi-responsive behavior of hydrogels, suggesting the chitosan was efficient for keeping integrity of nanoparticles hydrogels. Chitosan/poly(NVCL-co-IA-co-EGDMA) hybrid microparticles seems to be a promising new carrier for release of hydrophobic drugs, such as ketoprofen.
Subject(s)
Chitosan/chemistry , Drug Delivery Systems/methods , Hydrogels/chemistry , Ketoprofen/administration & dosage , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Polymers/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacokinetics , Caprolactam/analogs & derivatives , Caprolactam/chemistry , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Drug Liberation , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , Ketoprofen/chemistry , Ketoprofen/pharmacokinetics , Methacrylates/chemistry , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Nanoparticles/ultrastructure , Polymers/chemical synthesis , Succinates/chemistry , TemperatureABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar como a criança menos favorecida avalia e se relaciona com a escola. Foram sujeitos, 93 crianças, moradoras de uma favela de S. Paulo, sendo 41 meninas e 52 meninos. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário com 108 perguntas, abordando o perfil social e familiar, a auto-avaliaçao do desempenho escolar e preferências por matérias. O procedimento caracterizou-se pela aplicaçao individual do instrumento. Os resultados indicam que a maioria dos sujeitos estabelece relaçao afetiva adequada com a escola, nao percebendo sua importância, e sem apoio familiar para a sua manutençao no sistema educacional.
