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3.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 39(3): e204, sept. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BNUY | ID: biblio-1508732

ABSTRACT

Introducción: las infecciones virales durante el embarazo pueden provocar complicaciones maternas y fetales. Es importante describir las repercusiones maternas y fetales de la enfermedad COVID-19. Objetivos: describir y analizar las características de las pacientes que presentaron infección a SARS-CoV-2 durante la gestación y los resultados maternos y fetales. Material y método: se realizó un estudio de casos y controles. Se incluyeron todas las pacientes embarazadas que presentaron infección por SARS-CoV-2 y que fueran hospitalizadas en una institución de asistencia privada (casos) en el período 1/3/2021 - 31/7/2021. Los controles se tomaron de pacientes embarazadas que estuvieran ingresadas en igual período de tiempo pero que resultaron negativas para las pruebas de SARS-CoV-2. Se incluyeron dos controles por cada caso. Las variables maternas consideradas fueron: trabajo de parto prematuro, diabetes gestacional, estado hipertensivo del embarazo, preeclampsia (severa o no severa), muerte fetal, restricción del crecimiento fetal, abruptio placentae. Las variables neonatales consideradas fueron: estado vital, peso del recién nacido (RN), Apgar al minuto y a los cinco minutos, necesidad de ingreso a una unidad especializada en cuidados neonatales y días de estadía. Se registraron las pruebas para COVID-19 y la condición del RN al alta. Resultados: las características demográficas maternas fueron comparables en ambos grupos. Se observaron 21 (55%) complicaciones obstétricas en el grupo casos y 117 (44,7%) en el grupo controles; OR = 4,2 (IC 95%: 1,9-9,7). Se identificaron 12 (30,8%) complicaciones neonatales en el grupo casos y 3 (3,8%) en el grupo control; OR = 11,2 (IC 95%: 2,9-42,9). El grupo casos estuvo asociado con una menor probabilidad de estar vacunados; OR = 0,3 (IC 95%: 0,13-0,75). Conclusiones: reportamos un riesgo aumentado de resultados maternos y neonatales adversos relacionados con la infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2. La vacunación confirma ser una herramienta valiosa contra esta infección viral.


Introduction: Viral infections during pregnancy can lead to maternal and fetal complications. It is important to describe the maternal and fetal implications of COVID-19 disease. Objetives: To describe and analyze the characteristics of patients who experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection during gestation, and maternal and fetal outcomes. Method: A case-control study was conducted. All pregnant patients who presented SARS-CoV-2 infection and were hospitalized in a private healthcare institution (cases) during the period 1/03/2021 - 31/07/2021 were included in the study. Controls were selected from pregnant patients who were admitted during the same time but tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Two controls were included for each case. The maternal variables considered were preterm labor, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, (severe or non-severe) preeclampsia, fetal death, fetal growth restriction, placental abruption. The neonatal variables considered were vital status, newborn weight, one-minute and five-minute Apgar scores, need for admission to a specialized neonatal care unit, and length of stay in days. COVID-19 tests for the newborn and their condition at discharge were recorded. Results: Maternal demographic characteristics were comparable in both groups. Twenty-one (55%) obstetric complications were observed in the case group, and 117 (44.7%) in the control group; OR= 4.2 (95% CI: 1.9-9.7). Twenty-one (30.8%) neonatal complications were observed in the case group, and 3 (3.8%) in the control group; OR= 11.2 (95% CI: 2.9-42.9). The case group was associated with a lower likelihood of being vaccinated; OR = 0.3 (95% CI: 0.13-0.75). Conclusions: We report an increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Vaccination proves to be a valuable tool against this viral infection.


Introdução: as infecções virais durante a gravidez podem causar complicações maternas e fetais. É importante descrever as repercussões maternas e fetais da COVID-19. Objetivos: descrever e analisar as características das pacientes que apresentaram infecção por SARS-CoV-2 durante a gravidez e os desfechos maternos e fetais. Material e métodos: foi realizado um estudo caso-controle. Foram incluídas todas as gestantes que apresentaram infecção por SARS-CoV-2 e que estiveram internadas em instituição privada (casos) no período de 01 de março a 31 de julho de 2021. Os controles foram pacientes grávidas hospitalizadas durante o mesmo período de tempo, mas com teste negativo para SARS-CoV-2. Dois controles foram incluídos para cada caso. As variáveis maternas consideradas foram: trabalho de parto prematuro, diabetes gestacional, estado hipertensivo da gravidez, pré-eclâmpsia (grave ou não grave), óbito fetal, restrição do crescimento fetal, descolamento prematuro da placenta. As variáveis neonatais consideradas foram: estado vital, peso do recém-nascido (RN), Apgar de um e cinco minutos, necessidade de internação em unidade especializada em cuidados neonatais e dias de internação. Os resultados dos testes para COVID-19 e a condição do recém-nascido na alta foram registrados. Resultados: As características demográficas maternas foram comparáveis em ambos os grupos. 21 (55%) complicações obstétricas foram observadas no grupo caso e 117 (44,7%) no grupo controle; OR= 4,2 (IC 95%: 1,9-9,7). 12 (30,8%) complicações neonatais foram identificadas no grupo caso e 3 (3,8%) no grupo controle; OR = 11,2 (IC 95%: 2,9-42,9). O grupo de casos foi associado a uma menor probabilidade de ser vacinado; OR = 0,3 (IC 95%: 0,13-0,75). Conclusões: Relatamos um risco aumentado de resultados maternos e neonatais adversos relacionados à infecção pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2. A vacinação confirma ser uma ferramenta valiosa contra esta infecção viral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , COVID-19 , Pregnancy
4.
Rev Bras Enferm ; 75(6): e20220046, 2022.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36000597

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the temporal trend of accidents due to percutaneous exposure in a public hospital in Brazil, between 2007 and 2019, according to sociodemographic and professional characteristics. METHODS: analysis of time series of accidents due to percutaneous exposure that occurred in health workers. Sociodemographic and professional variables, accident profile, post-accident behavior and accident incidence rates were evaluated. The Prais Winsten regression was used for trend analysis and calculation of the annual percentage change, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: 761 occupational accidents were recorded. There was a downward trend in the rate of percutaneous injuries among female workers (-0.012%; p=0.009), who had secondary education (-0.011%; p=0.035) and among all health professional categories (-0.010%; p =0.019). There was an increasing trend (0.018%; p= 0.050) among workers with ≥ 61 months of professional experience. CONCLUSIONS: the analysis showed a decreasing incidence of percutaneous accidents, which can be explained by multiple factors.


Subject(s)
Accidents, Occupational , Health Personnel , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Hospitals, Public , Humans , Incidence
5.
Neuroendocrinology ; 112(2): 115-129, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33774638

ABSTRACT

Melatonin, an indolamine mainly released from the pineal gland, is associated with many biological functions, namely, the modulation of circadian and seasonal rhythms, sleep inducer, regulator of energy metabolism, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic. Although several pieces of evidence also recognize the influence of melatonin in the reproductive physiology, the crosstalk between melatonin and sex hormones is not clear. Here, we review the effects of sex differences in the circulating levels of melatonin and update the current knowledge on the link between sex hormones and melatonin. Furthermore, we explore the effects of melatonin on gonadal steroidogenesis and hormonal control in females. The literature review shows that despite the strong evidence that sex differences impact on the circadian profiles of melatonin, reports are still considerably ambiguous, and these differences may arise from several factors, like the use of contraceptive pills, hormonal status, and sleep deprivation. Furthermore, there has been an inconclusive debate about the characteristics of the reciprocal relationship between melatonin and reproductive hormones. In this regard, there is evidence for the role of melatonin in gonadal steroidogenesis brought about by research that shows that melatonin affects multiple transduction pathways that modulate Sertoli cell physiology and consequently spermatogenesis, and also estrogen and progesterone production. From the outcome of our research, it is possible to conclude that understanding the correlation between melatonin and reproductive hormones is crucial for the correction of several complications occurring during pregnancy, like preeclampsia, and for the control of climacteric symptoms.


Subject(s)
Gonadal Steroid Hormones/metabolism , Gonads/metabolism , Melatonin/metabolism , Menopause/metabolism , Placenta/metabolism , Sex Characteristics , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy
6.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 35(2): eabc289, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1400347

ABSTRACT

Background: The combination of doxorubicin (DOX) with paclitaxel (PTX) effectively treats breast cancer (BC). However, DOX-associated cardiotoxicity (CTX) is aggravated by the use of PTX. Consensus is lacking about which drug sequence involves the most CTX. Objectives: To evaluate whether DOX followed by PXT or the reverse sequence has the greatest cardiotoxic potential in the treatment of BC. Methods: Prospective study of women with primary BC who received four cycles of DOX and 12 infusions of PTX. Participants were divided into Group 1 (G1; PXT before DOX) and Group 2 (G2; DOX before PXT) at the discretion of the oncologist. CTX was defined as an absolute reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) > 10% to a value <53%. Patients underwentclinical evaluations and echocardiography before treatment (Phase 1) and one year after treatment (Phase 2). Results: Sixty-nine women were evaluated: 19 in G1 and 50 in G2. The groups had similar clinical characteristics. The doses of radiation, DOX, and PTX used were similar. Eight (11.6%) patients developed CTX: two (10.5%) in G1 and six (12.0%) in G2 (p=0.62). The mean LVEF was similar between groups in Phase 1 (G1=65.1±3.5%; G2=65.2±3.9%; p=0.96), with a significant reduction noted after one year in both groups: G1=61.4±8.1% (p=0.021) and G2=60.8±7.6% (p<0,001). Although lower, mean LVEF remained similar between groups after Phase 2 (p=0.79). Conclusions: In women with BC who underwent chemotherapy, the incidence of CTX at the end of the first year of treatment was similar regardless of whether DOX was used before or after PTX. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Cardiotoxins/radiation effects , Cardiotoxins/toxicity , Stroke Volume/drug effects , Echocardiography/methods , Doxorubicin/toxicity , Paclitaxel/toxicity
7.
Rev. bras. enferm ; Rev. bras. enferm;75(6): e20220046, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1394772

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the temporal trend of accidents due to percutaneous exposure in a public hospital in Brazil, between 2007 and 2019, according to sociodemographic and professional characteristics. Methods: analysis of time series of accidents due to percutaneous exposure that occurred in health workers. Sociodemographic and professional variables, accident profile, post-accident behavior and accident incidence rates were evaluated. The Prais Winsten regression was used for trend analysis and calculation of the annual percentage change, with a significance level of 5%. Results: 761 occupational accidents were recorded. There was a downward trend in the rate of percutaneous injuries among female workers (-0.012%; p=0.009), who had secondary education (-0.011%; p=0.035) and among all health professional categories (-0.010%; p =0.019). There was an increasing trend (0.018%; p= 0.050) among workers with ≥ 61 months of professional experience. Conclusions: the analysis showed a decreasing incidence of percutaneous accidents, which can be explained by multiple factors.


RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar tendencia temporal de accidentes por exposición percutánea en un hospital público brasileño, entre 2007 y 2019, segundo características sociodemográficas y profesionales. Métodos: análisis de series temporales de los accidentes por exposición percutánea ocurridos en trabajadores de salud. Fueron evaluadas las variables sociodemográficas, profesionales, perfil de los accidentes, conductas post-accidentes y tasas de incidencia de los accidentes. La regresión de Prais-Winsten fue empleada para análisis de tendencia y cálculo de la variación porcentual anual, con nivel de significación de 5%. Resultados: fueron registrados 761 accidentes ocupacionales. Hubo tendencia decreciente de la tasa de accidente percutáneo en trabajadores del sexo femenino (-0,012%; p=0,009), que poseían enseñanza media (-0,011%; p=0,035) y entre todas categorías profesionales de salud (-0,010%; p=0,019). Observado tendencia creciente (0,018%; p= 0,050) entre trabajadores con tiempo ≥ 61 meses de experiencia profesional. Conclusiones: el análisis evidenció incidencia decreciente de accidentes percutáneos, que puede ser explicada por múltiples factores.


RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a tendência temporal dos acidentes por exposição percutânea em um hospital público no Brasil, entre 2007 e 2019, segundo características sociodemográficas e profissionais. Métodos: análise de séries temporais dos acidentes por exposição percutânea ocorridos em trabalhadores de saúde. Foram avaliadas as variáveis sociodemográficas, profissionais, perfil dos acidentes, condutas pós-acidentes e as taxas de incidência dos acidentes. A regressão de Prais Winsten foi empregada para análise de tendência e cálculo da variação percentual anual, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: foram registrados 761 acidentes ocupacionais. Houve tendência decrescente da taxa de acidente percutâneo nos trabalhadores do sexo feminino (-0,012%; p=0,009), que possuíam ensino médio (-0,011%; p=0,035) e entre todas as categorias profissionais de saúde (-0,010%; p=0,019). Observou-se tendência crescente (0,018%; p= 0,050) entre trabalhadores com tempo ≥ 61 meses de experiência profissional. Conclusões: a análise evidenciou incidência decrescente de acidentes percutâneos, que pode ser explicada por múltiplos fatores.

8.
HU Rev. (Online) ; 48: 1-9, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1371597

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O diagnóstico precoce e referenciamento ao serviço especializado são essenciais para melhorar as taxas de cura e sobrevida das mulheres acometidas pelo câncer de colo de útero. Assim, a realização deste estudo tornará possível o levantamento de informações que serão essenciais para o desenvolvimento de medidas preventivas, que almejam contribuir com o desenvolvimento de ações de educação em saúde e o diagnóstico precoce para reduzir a morbimortalidade dessa enfermidade. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil dos resultados dos exames citopatológicos do colo do útero de mulheres residentes no estado de Minas Gerais a partir dos dados de exames correspondentes ao ano de 2019, utilizando as variáveis disponibilizadas pelo Sistema de Informação do Câncer. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, exploratório, quantitativo realizado por meio de base de dados secundários. Os dados foram submetidos à análise no software SPSS, versão 20.0. Realizou-se estatística descritiva (frequência absoluta, porcentagem, média e desvio padrão). Para verificar associação entre variáveis qualitativas foi utilizado teste qui-quadrado (x²) e exato de Fisher. A força das associações entre as variáveis foi aferida pelo risco relativo (RR) e intervalos de confiança (IC 95%). Resultados: As principais alterações presentes nos exames foram: alterações por células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado e lesão intraepitelial de baixo grau. Após análises estatísticas, notou-se que algumas alterações possuem risco maior de se desenvolverem no público fora da faixa etária preconizada, ou seja, entre mulheres com idade <25 anos ou >64 anos. Conclusão: O estudo realizado contribui para identificação do perfil atual vivenciado na área da saúde da mulher e possibilita a criação de condutas e ações que visem intervir frente aos resultados obtidos, impactando positivamente na realidade de Minas Gerais


Introduction: Early diagnosis and referral to a specialized service are essential to improve the cure and survival rates of women affected by cervical cancer. Thus, carrying out this study will make it possible to collect information that will be essential for the development of preventive measures, which aim to contribute to the development of health education actions and early diagnosis to reduce the morbidity and mortality of this disease. Objective: Identify the profile of the results of cervical cytopathological examinations of women residing in the State of Minas Gerais from the data of examinations corresponding to the year 2019, using the variables made available by the Cancer Information System.Methods: This is a retrospective, exploratory, quantitative study carried out by means of a secondary database. The data were submitted to analysis using the SPSS software, version 20.0. Descriptive statistics (absolute frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) were performed. To verify the association between qualitative variables, the chi-square test (x²) and Fisher's exact test were used. The strength of the associations between the variables was measured by the relative risk (RR) and confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: The main alterations present in the cytopathological exams performed were: changes due to atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and low- grade intraepithelial lesion. After statistical analysis, it was noted that some changes have a higher risk of developing in the public outside the recommended age range, that is, among women aged <25 years or> 64 years. Conclusion: The study carried out contributes to the identification of the current profile experienced in the area of women's health and enables the creation of conducts and actions that aim to intervene in view of the results obtained, positively impacting the reality of Minas Gerais.


Subject(s)
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Uterus , Cervix Uteri , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Health Education , Survival Rate , Colonic Neoplasms , Disease Prevention , Papanicolaou Test , Atypical Squamous Cells of the Cervix
9.
Rev. APS ; 24(4): 807-814, 20211230.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377565

ABSTRACT

A pandemia trouxe diversas mudanças sociais e econômicas, atingindo diretamente o sistema educacional, sendo necessária a criação de estratégias para a reestruturação do ensino pedagógico e metodológico, por meio de tecnologias digitais de comunicação e informação, para continuação do ensino-aprendizagem. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a vivência dos membros do Projeto de Extensão Sobre o Câncer de Mama e envolvimento dos estudantes universitários nas atividades durante a pandemia. No presente artigo, há abordagem descritiva, do tipo relato de experiência.O período da experiência ocorreu entre os meses de junho a dezembro de 2020. Foram implementa das atividades remotas, que incluíram publicações e lives nas redes sociais Instagram™ e WhatsApp™por acadêmicos e professores.O modelo de Ensino Remoto Emergencial,apesar de ser desafiador, é capaz de oferecer uma aprendizagem contínua e promover a interação entre os alunos e a aprendizagem, bem como entre os alunos.Essas vivências de experiências foram possíveis,diante do cenário atual, devido às ferramentas das redes sociais, que se identificou como um importante aliado no mundo conectando a todos.


The pandemic brought several social and economic changes, directly affecting the educational system, making it necessary to create strategies for restructuring pedagogical and methodological teaching, through digital communication and information technologies, for the continuation of teaching-learning. This study aims to report the experience of members of the Extension Project on Breast Cancer and the adhesion of students toremote activities during this period of pandemic. This is a descriptive study, of the experience report type. The trial period took place between June and December 2020. Remote activities were implemented, which included publications and lives on social networks Instagram™and WhatsApp™by academics and professors. The Emergency Remote Teaching model, despite being challenging, is capable of offering continuous learning and promoting interaction between the student and learning and among students. These experiences were possible, given the current scenario, due to the tools of social networks, which proved to be an important ally in the world, connecting everyone.


Subject(s)
Pandemics , Education, Distance , Education, Continuing , Projects , Information Technology , Social Networking , COVID-19
10.
Online braz. j. nurs. (Online) ; Online braz. j. nurs. (Online);20: e20216503, 05 maio 2021.
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1352727

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: descrever o processo de implementação do programa de prevenção de acidentes com materiais perfurocortantes em um hospital público. MÉTODO: estudo descritivo, com análise retrospectiva documental, desenvolvido a partir da leitura exploratória, seletiva e analítica dos conteúdos presentes em registros do Serviço Especializado em Engenharia de Segurança e em Medicina do Trabalho. A coleta de dados foi realizada com o preenchimento de um formulário semiestruturado e as análises foram baseadas nas adequações do programa às diretrizes da Portaria n° 1.748 do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. RESULTADOS: o processo de implementação do programa foi concluído em oito etapas e atendeu às diretrizes da Portaria. O programa aperfeiçoou as medidas de controle convencionais e levou à adoção de medidas de engenharia. Pela avaliação da Comissão Gestora, o programa contribuiu para a redução dos acidentes. CONCLUSÃO: a implantação do programa foi bem-sucedida, servindo como modelo para outros hospitais brasileiros.


OBJECTIVE: to describe the implementation process of the program to prevent accidents with sharps in a public hospital. METHOD: a descriptive study, with retrospective documentary analysis, developed from the exploratory, selective and analytical reading of the contents present in records of the Specialized Service in Safety Engineering and Occupational Medicine. Data collection was performed by filling out a semi-structured form and the analyses were based on the program's adaptations to the guidelines set forth in Ordinance No.1,748 of the Ministry of Labor and Employment. RESULTS: the program's implementation process was completed in eight stages and met the directives set forth in the Ordinance. The program improved the conventional control measures and led to the adoption of engineering measures. According to the evaluation by the Management Commission, the program contributed to a reduction in the number of accidents. CONCLUSION: implementation of the program was successful, serving as a model for other Brazilian hospitals


OBJETIVO: describir el proceso de implementación del programa de prevención de accidentes con objetos punzocortantes en un hospital público. MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo con análisis documental retrospectivo, llevado a cabo a partir de la lectura exploratoria, selectiva y analítica de los contenidos presentes en los registros del Servicio Especializado en Ingeniería de la Seguridad y Medicina del Trabajo. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la cumplimentación de un formulario semiestructurado y los análisis sebasaron en las adaptaciones del programa a las directrices de la Disposición nro. 1.748 del Ministerio de Trabajo y Empleo. RESULTADOS: el proceso de implementación del programa se completó en ocho etapas y cumplió con las directrices de la Disposición. El programa perfeccionó las medidas de control convencionales y condujo a la adopción de medidas de ingeniería. Según la evaluación del Comité de Gestión, el programa contribuyó a la reducción de accidentes. CONCLUSIÓN: la implementación del programa fue exitosa y sirve de modelo para otros hospitales brasileños.


Subject(s)
Humans , Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control , Occupational Health , Needlestick Injuries , Guideline Adherence , Accident Prevention , Hospitals, Public
11.
Int J Environ Health Res ; 31(2): 186-201, 2021 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31293171

ABSTRACT

The aquatic environment has received increasing attention regarding the evolution of bacterial resistance, either as a source of resistance genes or as a matrix for the dissemination of these genes. We evaluated the physicochemical, microbiological and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of 160 samples from alternative water well solutions. According to Ordinance 2914/2011 - MS, 44 (27.5%) samples were considered unsafe if at least one physicochemical parameter exceeded permissible limits. Escherichia coli were found in 30.6% of the unregistered housing estates (UHE) and 1.9% of the local sanitary surveillance system (RW). The total of 158 bacterial strains were isolated from 13 (25%) RW and 68 (63%) UHE, 132 of which (83.5%) were obtained from UHE samples. In the investigation of resistance genes, tetA, qnrS and qnrB genes were detected in three, one and eight isolates, respectively. Our results emphasize the importance of constant surveillance and control of the quality of water supplies.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Groundwater/chemistry , Groundwater/microbiology , Water Microbiology/standards , Aeromonas/drug effects , Aeromonas/genetics , Aeromonas/isolation & purification , Brazil , Drug Resistance, Microbial/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Genotype , Groundwater/standards , Phenotype , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification
12.
São Paulo; s.n; 2021.
Thesis in Portuguese | Coleciona SUS, Sec. Munic. Saúde SP, HSPM-Producao, Sec. Munic. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1370024

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A tuberculose (TB) é uma patologia infecciosa crônica endêmica, que se encontra dentre as 10 maiores causas de óbito no mundo. Esta doença pode ser causada por qualquer uma das sete espécies que integram o complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis: M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, M. canetti, M. microti, M. pinnipedi e M. caprae. Em saúde pública, a espécie mais importante é a M. tuberculosis, conhecida também como bacilo de Koch (BK). Pode ser classificada como pulmonar ou extrapulmonar. A tuberculose miliar é resultante da disseminação hematogênica do Mycobacterium tuberculosis, pode surgir como resultado de uma infecção primaria progressiva ou através da reativação de um foco latente com posterior propagação através da corrente sanguínea. Objetivo: Relatar o caso de um paciente jovem, previamente hígido, com diagnóstico inicial de tuberculose miliar em apresentação grave. Relato de caso: Paciente jovem admitido em emergência de Hospital da capital de SP com história de diagnóstico recente de tuberculose, em tratamento ambulatorial com esquema básico, após seu ingresso no hospital foram realizados exames de imagem que confirmavam tuberculose miliar e tuberculose pulmonar associadas, além de importante síndrome consumptiva, lesão hepatotóxica medicamentosa e sugestão de envolvimento neurológico. Durante internação evoluiu com pneumotórax espontâneo em hemitórax direito, seguido de esquerdo e 03 dias após evoluiu com Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório Agudo, necessitando intubação orotraqueal durante 48h. Teve ambos os hemitórax drenados, mudança no esquema terapêutico antituberculínico e evoluiu com melhora clínica progressiva e significativa, recebendo alta da Unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Discussão: Tuberculose miliar tem alta morbidade e mortalidade se não for adequadamente tratada. A apresentação clínica da TB miliar é multifacetada e inespecífica. O diagnóstico tardio e a falta de iniciação do tratamento específico parece ser o fator mais importante responsável pela mortalidade. Palavras-chave: Tuberculose, Tuberculose Miliar, Imunocompetente


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tuberculosis , Tuberculosis, Miliary
14.
R. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 79: e1793, 30 dez. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-32366

ABSTRACT

Essa revisão explorou dois aspectos: a evolução do diagnóstico laboratorial, quantitativamente, com análise de 12.328 dados da produção laboratorial (de 2005 a 2016) e o histórico epidemiológico, com abordagem qualitativa (descritiva). Com o objetivo de traçar um panorama e apresentar as ações laboratoriais, avaliou-se o impacto no diagnóstico com a implantação do teste treponêmico TPHA (2007) e atendimento aos fluxogramas I-A (2011) e I-B (2014), da Portaria nº 3.242/GM/MS/2011(revogada em 2016). Para traçar a trajetória epidêmica do sífilismo no contexto social, do Brasil colonial à atualidade, buscou-se a literatura científica nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, PAHO, BVS, Google Acadêmico, elegendo os descritores isolados/agrupados: sífilis/congênita, sorodiagnóstico da sífilis, saúde pública. Das 200 publicações avaliadas por leitura exploratória, seletiva, analítica e interpretativa, 63 foram selecionadas para descrever a sífilis nos aspectos já mencionados. A ausência de dados laboratoriais e epidemiológicos dificulta o conhecimento das transformações do processo de manifestação da sífilis e adoção de medidas corretivas/preventivas para seu combate. Esse estudo detectou, com originalidade, pontos vulneráveis na execução do ensaio; necessidade de estratégias para melhoria da qualidade do diagnóstico laboratorial e, do ponto de vista epidemiológico, a inserção de políticas públicas específicas para atenção ao grupo de pessoas em idade fértil.(AU)


This review explored two aspects: quantitative evolution of the laboratory diagnosis with analysis of 12,328 laboratory data (2005/2016) and, epidemiological history with a qualitative (descriptive) approach. With aim of to draw a panorama and to present the laboratory actions was evaluated the impact from treponemic test (TPHA, 2007) in the diagnosis and attendance to flowcharts IA (2011)/IB (2014), of Ordinance Nº 3,242 /GM/MS/ 2011 (repealed in 2016). For drawing the syphilis epidemic trajectory in the social context, since Brazil colony to the currently scientific literature was searched in the databases PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, PAHO, BVS, Google Scholar, choosing the isolated / grouped descriptors: syphilis / congenital, serodiagnosis, public health. From 200 publications selected 63 evaluated by exploratory, selective, analytical, interpretive reading, to describe syphilis in all aspects mentioned above. The lack of epidemiological and laboratorial data makes it difficult to know the changes in the syphilis manifestation process, and to adopt corrective/preventive measures to combat it. This original study detected vulnerability in the assay execution, need for strategies formulation to improve the laboratory diagnosis quality and, from an epidemiological point of view insertion of specific public policies for attention to childbearing age people group.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Syphilis/diagnosis , Syphilis/epidemiology , Syphilis/history , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/history , Syphilis Serodiagnosis/history , Public Health/history
15.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 23(267): 4452-4458, ago.-2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1130160

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: ava¬liação do nível de conhecimento dos enfermeiros da atenção primária da rede pública de Divinópolis (MG) sobre o câncer de mama. Método: pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, de delineamento transversal com profissionais de enfermagem, que atuavam há pelo menos um ano na rede municipal de saúde. Foi utilizado questionário estruturado, analisada a distribuição das variáveis de interesse e para apresentação dos mesmos, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, média, frequência absoluta e porcentagem. Resultado: Foi identificado o conhecimento pelos entrevistados, sendo a mamografia o exame mais indicado para diagnóstico precoce, porém foi identificado duvidas na idade e periodicidade recomendada para realização do exame, e os fatores limitantes ao rastreamento mais referidos foram o desconhecimento da população e o equipamento insuficiente. Conclusão: Fazem-se necessários a abordagem do tema no período de graduação e de educação continuada, investimento na capacitação dos profissionais e ampliação da prevenção da doença e promoção da saúde.(AU)


Objective: to assess the level of knowledge of nurses in primary care in the public network of Divinópolis (MG) about breast cancer. Method: quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional research with nursing professionals, who had worked for at least one year in the municipal health system. A structured questionnaire was used, the distribution of the variables of interest was analyzed and for their presentation, descriptive statistics, mean, absolute frequency and percentage were used. Result: Knowledge was identified by the interviewees, with mammography being the most suitable exam for early diagnosis, but doubts were identified in the age and recommended periodicity for the exam, and the most mentioned limiting factors for screening were the lack of knowledge of the population and the equipment insufficient. Conclusion: It is necessary to approach the theme in the period of graduation and continuing education, investment in the training of professionals and expansion of disease prevention and health promotion.(AU)


Objetivo: evaluar el nivel de conocimiento de las enfermeras en atención primaria en la red pública de Divinópolis (MG) sobre el cáncer de mama. Método: investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva, transversal con profesionales de enfermería, que habían trabajado durante al menos un año en el sistema de salud municipal. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado, se analizó la distribución de las variables de interés y para su presentación, se utilizó estadística descriptiva, media, frecuencia absoluta y porcentaje. Resultado: los entrevistados identificaron el conocimiento, siendo la mamografía el examen más adecuado para el diagnóstico precoz, pero se identificaron dudas en la edad y la periodicidad recomendada para el examen, y los factores limitantes más mencionados para la detección fueron la falta de conocimiento de la población y el equipo insuficiente. Conclusión: es necesario abordar el tema en el período de graduación y educación continua, inversión en la capacitación de profesionales y expansión de la prevención de enfermedades y promoción de la salud.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Primary Health Care , Breast Neoplasms , Women's Health , Knowledge , Primary Care Nursing , Health Promotion , Early Diagnosis , Disease Prevention
16.
Lancet Infect Dis ; 20(7): 839-850, 2020 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32220283

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Butantan Institute has manufactured a lyophilised tetravalent live-attenuated dengue vaccine Butantan-DV, which is analogous to the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) TV003 admixture. We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of Butantan-DV. METHODS: We did a two-step, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled phase 2 trial at two clinical sites in São Paulo, Brazil. We recruited healthy volunteers aged 18-59 years; pregnant women, individuals with a history of neurological, heart, lung, liver or kidney disease, diabetes, cancer, or autoimmune diseases, and individuals with HIV or hepatitis C were excluded. Step A was designed as a small bridge-study between Butantan-DV and TV003 in DENV-naive participants. In step A, we planned to randomly assign 50 dengue virus (DENV)-naive individuals to receive two doses of Butantan-DV, TV003, or placebo, given 6 months apart. In step B, we planned to randomly assign 250 participants (DENV-naive and DENV-exposed) to receive one dose of Butantan-DV or placebo. Participants were randomly assigned, by computer-generated block randomisation (block sizes of five); participants in step A were randomly assigned (2:2:1) to receive Butantan-DV, TV003, or placebo and participants in step B were randomly assigned (4:1) to receive Butantan-DV or placebo. Participants and study staff were unaware of treatment allocation. The primary safety outcome was the frequency of solicited and unsolicited local and systemic adverse reactions within 21 days of the first vaccination, analysed by intention to treat. The primary immunogenicity outcome was seroconversion rates of the DENV-1-4 serotypes measured 91 days after the first vaccination, analysed in the per-protocol population, which included all participants in step A, and all participants included in step B who completed all study visits with serology sample collection. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01696422. FINDINGS: Between Nov 5, 2013, and Sept 21, 2015, 300 individuals were enrolled and randomly assigned: 155 (52%) DENV-naive participants and 145 (48%) DENV-exposed participants. Of the 155 DENV-naive participants, 97 (63%) received Butantan-DV, 17 (11%) received TV003, and 41 (27%) received placebo. Of the 145 DENV-exposed participants, 113 (78%) received Butantan-DV, three (2%) received TV003, and 29 (20%) received placebo. Butantan-DV and TV003 were both immunogenic, well-tolerated, and no serious adverse reactions were observed. In step A, rash was the most frequent adverse event (16 [845] of 19 participants in the Butantan-DV group and 13 [76%] of 17 participants in the TV003 group). Viraemia was similar between the Butantan-DV and TV003 groups. Of the 85 DENV-naive participants in the Butantan-DV group who attended all visits for sample collection for seroconversion analysis and thus were included in the per-protocol analysis population, 74 (87%) achieved seroconversion to DENV-1, 78 (92%) to DENV-2, 65 (76%) to DENV-3, and 76 (89%) to DENV-4. Of the 101 DENV-exposed participants in the Butantan-DV group who attended all visits for sample collection for seroconversion analysis, 82 (81%) achieved seroconversion to DENV-1, 79 (78%) to DENV-2, 83 (82%) to DENV-3, and 78 (77%) to DENV-4. INTERPRETATION: Butantan-DV and TV003 were safe and induced robust, balanced neutralising antibody responses against the four DENV serotypes. Efficacy evaluation of the Butantan-DV vaccine is ongoing. FUNDING: Intramural Research Program US NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Brazilian National Bank for Economic and Social Development, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, and Fundação Butantan.


Subject(s)
Dengue Vaccines/immunology , Dengue Virus/immunology , Immunogenicity, Vaccine , Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology , Adult , Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Brazil , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Seroconversion , Vaccination , Young Adult
17.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz (Online) ; 79: 1-18, 31 mar. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS, Coleciona SUS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-IALPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: biblio-1291341

ABSTRACT

Essa revisão explorou dois aspectos: a evolução do diagnóstico laboratorial, quantitativamente, com análise de 12.328 dados da produção laboratorial (de 2005 a 2016) e o histórico epidemiológico, com abordagem qualitativa (descritiva). Com o objetivo de traçar um panorama e apresentar as ações laboratoriais, avaliou-se o impacto no diagnóstico com a implantação do test treponêmico TPHA (2007) e atendimento aos fluxogramas I-A (2011) e I-B (2014), da Portaria nº 3.242/GM/MS/2011(revogada em 2016). Para traçar a trajetória epidêmica do sífilismo no contexto social, do Brasil colonial à atualidade, buscou-se a literatura científica nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, PAHO, BVS, Google Acadêmico, elegendo os descritores isolados/agrupados: sífilis/congênita, sorodiagnóstico da sífilis, saúde pública. Das 200 publicações avaliadas por leitura exploratória, seletiva, analítica e interpretativa, 63 foram selecionadas para descrever a sífilis nos aspectos já mencionados. A ausência de dados laboratoriais e epidemiológicos dificulta o conhecimento das transformações do processo de manifestação da sífilis e adoção de medidas corretivas/preventivas para seu combate. Esse estudo detectou, com originalidade, pontos vulneráveis na execução do ensaio; necessidade de estratégias para melhoria da qualidade do diagnóstico laboratorial e, do ponto de vista epidemiológico, a inserção de políticas públicas específicas para atenção ao grupo de pessoas em idade fértil. (AU)


This review explored two aspects: quantitative evolution of the laboratory diagnosis with analysis of 12,328 laboratory data (2005/2016) and, epidemiological history with a qualitative (descriptive) approach. With aim of to draw a panorama and to present the laboratory actions was evaluated the impact from treponemic test (TPHA, 2007) in the diagnosis and attendance to flowcharts IA (2011)/IB (2014), of Ordinance Nº 3,242 /GM/MS/ 2011 (repealed in 2016). For drawing the syphilis epidemic trajectory in the social context, since Brazil colony to the currently scientific literature was searched in the databases PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, PAHO, BVS, Google Scholar, choosing the isolated / grouped descriptors: syphilis / congenital, serodiagnosis, public health. From 200 publications selected 63 evaluated by exploratory, selective, analytical, interpretive reading, to describe syphilis in all aspects mentioned above. The lack of epidemiological and laboratorial data makes it difficult to know the changes in the syphilis manifestation process, and to adopt corrective/preventive measures to combat it. This original study detected vulnerability in the assay execution, need for strategies formulation to improve the laboratory diagnosis quality and, from an epidemiological point of view insertion of specific public policies for attention to childbearing age people group. (AU)


Subject(s)
Syphilis, Congenital , Syphilis Serodiagnosis , Syphilis/history , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Public Health
18.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz (Online) ; 79: e1793, 31 mar. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1489609

ABSTRACT

Essa revisão explorou dois aspectos: a evolução do diagnóstico laboratorial, quantitativamente, com análise de 12.328 dados da produção laboratorial (de 2005 a 2016) e o histórico epidemiológico, com abordagem qualitativa (descritiva). Com o objetivo de traçar um panorama e apresentar as ações laboratoriais, avaliou-se o impacto no diagnóstico com a implantação do teste treponêmico TPHA (2007) e atendimento aos fluxogramas I-A (2011) e I-B (2014), da Portaria nº 3.242/GM/MS/2011(revogada em 2016). Para traçar a trajetória epidêmica do sífilismo no contexto social, do Brasil colonial à atualidade, buscou-se a literatura científica nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, PAHO, BVS, Google Acadêmico, elegendo os descritores isolados/agrupados: sífilis/congênita, sorodiagnóstico da sífilis, saúde pública. Das 200 publicações avaliadas por leitura exploratória, seletiva, analítica e interpretativa, 63 foram selecionadas para descrever a sífilis nos aspectos já mencionados. A ausência de dados laboratoriais e epidemiológicos dificulta o conhecimento das transformações do processo de manifestação da sífilis e adoção de medidas corretivas/preventivas para seu combate. Esse estudo detectou, com originalidade, pontos vulneráveis na execução do ensaio; necessidade de estratégias para melhoria da qualidade do diagnóstico laboratorial e, do ponto de vista epidemiológico, a inserção de políticas públicas específicas para atenção ao grupo de pessoas em idade fértil.


This review explored two aspects: quantitative evolution of the laboratory diagnosis with analysis of 12,328 laboratory data (2005/2016) and, epidemiological history with a qualitative (descriptive) approach. With aim of to draw a panorama and to present the laboratory actions was evaluated the impact from treponemic test (TPHA, 2007) in the diagnosis and attendance to flowcharts IA (2011)/IB (2014), of Ordinance Nº 3,242 /GM/MS/ 2011 (repealed in 2016). For drawing the syphilis epidemic trajectory in the social context, since Brazil colony to the currently scientific literature was searched in the databases PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, PAHO, BVS, Google Scholar, choosing the isolated / grouped descriptors: syphilis / congenital, serodiagnosis, public health. From 200 publications selected 63 evaluated by exploratory, selective, analytical, interpretive reading, to describe syphilis in all aspects mentioned above. The lack of epidemiological and laboratorial data makes it difficult to know the changes in the syphilis manifestation process, and to adopt corrective/preventive measures to combat it. This original study detected vulnerability in the assay execution, need for strategies formulation to improve the laboratory diagnosis quality and, from an epidemiological point of view insertion of specific public policies for attention to childbearing age people group.


Subject(s)
Humans , Syphilis Serodiagnosis/history , Syphilis/diagnosis , Syphilis/epidemiology , Syphilis/history , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/history , Public Health/history
19.
J Dermatolog Treat ; 31(6): 589-596, 2020 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31751157

ABSTRACT

Background: Residual tumors increase the likelihood of recurrence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC).Objective: We determined the attributes and risk factors for positive surgical margins (+SM) of excised BCC in a university hospital.Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, we reviewed the histologic reports of BCC removed via conventional surgical excision (CSE) by specialists from different fields.Results: Among excised BCCs (n = 864), there was a predominance of nodular BCC (82.64%) in the facial H-area (72.81%; average diameter = 9.12 mm), which had the highest + SM rate (20.17%). Most cephalic (ce-BCC; 69.01%) and non-cephalic (91.11%) BCCs were excised by dermatologists, with low rates of + SM (4.53%; 1.46%, respectively); the overall + SM rate was 12.73%. Men had larger (p < .001) and more ulcerated (p = .04) BCC. An aggressive histologic pattern (Ag-P) (p < .04) and ulceration (p < .001) were correlated with tumor size on multivariate analysis. The risk for + SM increased in ulcerated ce-BCC (p = .02), BCC with Ag-P (p = .02), and in the H-area (p < .001), nasal (p = .007), and labial (p = .05) regions. ce-BCC excised by head-neck surgeons had a high chance of ulceration (p < .001) and Ag-P (p = .002).Conclusions: Ag-P and H-zone remain critical risk factors for + SM. Accordingly appropriate treatment protocols should be used to ensure low + SM rates via CSE.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Basal Cell/surgery , Skin Neoplasms/surgery , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Margins of Excision , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Odds Ratio , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Skin Neoplasms/pathology
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