Gender Asymmetries: An Exploratory Study of Women's Experiences in Portuguese Football Organizations.

The main objective of this exploratory study is to analyze the negative effects associated with the phenomenon of tokenism for Portuguese women in non-playing football roles, as well as their strategies for integration into a context where they are a minority and the social functions are dominated by men. To this end, we carried out semi-structured individual interviews with eight men and eight women, undertaking functions in the fields of coaching, psychology, medical team, planning, refereeing, and management in football organizations, and with their contents then subject to thematic analysis. Our analysis confirms how the football context strongly demarcates gender differences with women being more visible and leads to the stereotypical roles being associated with traditional femininity. The findings also observe how, in order to integrate, women align with the norms imposed by the dominant group (men) and accept being circumscribed to the spaces that hegemonic gender ideologies and practices attribute to them.

The Gender of Retirement in a Double-Ageing Country: Perspectives and Experiences of Retired Women and Men in Portugal.

This article aimed to explore the perspectives and experiences of women and men at the stage in their lives following professional retirement, enriching the present and future of a continuously ageing Portuguese society. In order to better capture the diversity and complexity of each individual's experiences, a qualitative methodology was used. Semi-structured individual interviews were carried out with sixteen retired people, eight women and eight men, aged between 59 and 88 years old. A thematic analysis allowed us to identify five themes in the interviewees' discourses. We concluded that gender may be a source of heterogeneity at this stage of life, suggesting that these findings should be analysed in the scope of a life course perspective, and highlighting the impact that the different trajectories of women and men have, as well as the historical and social context in which they take place.

Canavalia ensiformis lectin induced oxidative stress mediate both toxicity and genotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster.

Mannose/glucose-binding lectin from Canavalia ensiformis seeds (Concanavalin A - ConA) has several biological applications, such as mitogenic and antitumor activity. However, most of the mechanisms involved in the in vivo toxicity of ConA are not well known. In this study, the Drosophila melanogaster model was used to assess the toxicity and genotoxicity of different concentrations of native ConA (4.4, 17.5 and 70 µg/mL) in inhibited and denatured forms of ConA. The data show that native ConA affected: the survival, in the order of 30.6 %, and the locomotor performance of the flies; reduced cell viability to levels below 50 % (4.4 and 17.5 µg/mL); reduced nitric oxide levels; caused lipid peroxidation and increased protein and non-protein thiol content. In the Comet assay, native ConA (17.5 e 70 µg/mL) caused DNA damage higher than 50 %. In contrast, treatments with inhibited and denatured ConA did not affect oxidative stress markers and did not cause DNA damage. We believe that protein-carbohydrate interactions between ConA and carbohydrates of the plasma membrane are probably the major events involved in these activities, suggesting that native ConA activates mechanisms that induce oxidative stress and consequently DNA damage.

Lectins ConA and ConM extracted from Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC and Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC inhibit planktonic Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis.

Lectins participate in the defense against microorganisms and in signaling the damage caused by pathogens to the cell surface and/or intracellular in plants. This study aims to analyze the antifungal potential of lectins extracted from seeds of Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC and Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC, against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The antimicrobial tests were performed by microdilution against Candida spp. The test to verify the combined lectin/fluconazole effect was performed using subinhibitory concentrations of lectins and with antifungal ranging from 0.5 to 512 µg/mL. The ability to inhibit the morphological transition of Candida spp. was evaluated by microcultivation in a moist chamber. The results of the minimum inhibitory concentration revealed no antifungal activity against the tested strains. However, lectins modified the action of fluconazole, reducing the IC50 of the drug against C. albicans. Lectins were also able to discretely modulate the morphological transition of the tested strains.

Trichinella britovi infection in wild boar in Portugal.

Trichinella spp. infection occurs when a host ingests muscle tissue containing infective larvae (L1 stage). Wild boar meat and its products represent the second largest source of human trichinellosis worldwide. For this reason, and since that in Portugal wild boar is the most hunted large game specie, the laboratory of Technology, Quality and Food Safety (TQFS) from the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro created a free service to test wild boar meat for Trichinella spp. From December 2015 to February 2020, and 857 samples were analysed. From those, the majority (719/857, 83.9%) were tested after October 2018 when a specific national legislation came into force, demanding that meat from wild boar hunted in a defined risk area should be tested for Trichinella spp. Under TQFS laboratory activity, in January 2020, a positive case was identified, being the first molecular confirmation of Trichinella britovi infection in wild boar in Portugal. Additionally to this activity, in 2019, a questionnaire was submitted to 100 hunters to acquire information about wild boar meat usage and consumption behaviours. From the total respondents, 86% declared they intended to use meat for private consumption. Of those, 93% also stated that have sold part of the meat and/or homemade sausages, the majority (80%) without prior testing for Trichinella spp., as required by EU Regulation. These results alert the hunters to a risk for human infection, which could be extended to outside the hunter's household. Given the actual epidemiological situation, it should be emphasized that testing for Trichinella spp. in wild boar meat should be maintained and reinforced, particularly in the risk area. The results presented in this report strongly support the importance of specific national legislation to mitigate the risk of trichinellosis due to consumption of non-tested wild boar meat.

Is the orofacial antinociceptive effect of lectins intrinsically related to their specificity to monosaccharides?

Lectins are proteins of non-immunological origin that may play several biological applications, of which we can highlight the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. In this work, we evaluated the possible effect of orofacial antinociceptive activity of three plant lectins, Dioclea violacea (DVL - Man/Glc-binding), Vatairea macrocarpa (VML - Gal-binding) and PPL (Parkia platycephala - Man/Glc-binding) in adult zebrafish. Acute nociception was induced by menthol (1.2 µM), or capsaicin (4.93 µM) applied into in the upper lip (5.0 µL) of adult wild zebrafish. Zebrafish were pretreated by intraperitoneal injection (20 µL) with vehicle (Control) or lectins (0.025; 0.05 or 0.1 mg/mL) 30 min before induction. The effect of lectins on zebrafish locomotor behavior was evaluated with the open field test. Naive groups (n = 8) were included in all tests. Our results indicate that only PPL presented antinociceptive induced by capsaicin, suggesting the potential clinical application of PPL as inhibitor of orofacial nociception and that this effect may be due to the modulation of TRPV1 channel. In conclusion, lectins that exhibit affinity to the same or different carbohydrates do not necessarily have an antinociceptive effect on the orofacial nociception model, indicating that the glycan carbohydrate binding pattern may be related to the effect on nociception inhibition.

O uso da morfina na gestão da dor crónica: perspetiva dos profissionais de saúde / The use of morphine in chronic pain management: health care professionals' perspective

O decurso de novos hábitos de vida, de uma maior longevidade do indivíduo e do prolongamento da sobrevida do mesmo e do ambiente em que vivemos parece aumentar a ocorrência de dor, especialmente, a dor crónica. Também os medos associados à utilização de opióides para o tratamento da dor colocam Portugal num dos países da Europa com maior resistência à utilização destes fármacos. O subtratamento da dor crónica continua assim a assumir uma dimensão importante, colocando-a como um problema de saúde pública, cuja gestão tem sido de difícil controlo, com repercussões na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. Face a esta problemática, o objetivo deste estudo foi, precisamente, o de desenvolver um trabalho que nos permita compreender a perspetiva dos profissionais saúde sobre o uso da morfina na gestão da dor crónica. Para uma compreensão mais profunda do fenómeno, delineou-se um conjunto de objetivos específicos, designadamente: identificar situações em que se deve utilizar a morfina na gestão da dor crónica; identificar fatores que interferem na utilização da morfina na gestão da dor crónica e identificar dilemas que se colocam aos profissionais de saúde na utilização da morfina na gestão da dor crónica. Para alcançar estes objetivos, optou-se por uma investigação qualitativa, com caráter descritivo e exploratório. A estratégia escolhida para a recolha dos dados, foi a entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados, recolhidos foram analisados com o recurso à técnica de análise de conteúdo, de L. Bardin (2011). Os resultados demonstram que os profissionais de saúde (PS) admitem que a dor ainda é um problema e muitas vezes é subvalorizada. Reconhecem a importância da morfina e recomendam, assim, a sua utilização. Assumem que o tratamento com morfina privilegia o conforto e a qualidade de vida do doente. Contudo não é o medicamento de eleição, e ainda é visto por muitos, como último recurso. Não obstante, manifestaram que em sua opinião os opiáceos serão um caminho para o controlo a dor e melhoria da qualidade de vida dos doentes. Da análise dos resultados podemos aferir que o medo, muito associado aos efeitos secundários da utilização da morfina, constitui uma das grandes barreiras no controlo da dor. Apesar das limitações subjacentes ao presente estudo, considera-se, no entanto, que foram atingidos os objetivos propostos. Aguarda-se pois, que este trabalho possa constituir-se como um estímulo à reflexão e à produção de futuras investigações acerca da problemática que envolve o uso da morfina para o controlo da dor crónica.

The course of new habits of life, a longer life span of the individual and prolonged survival of the individual and the environment in which we live seems to increase the occurrence of pain, especially chronic pain. Also the fears associated with the use of opioids to treat pain place Portugal in one of the European countries with the highest resistance to the use of these drugs. The undertreatment of chronic pain thus continues to assume an important dimension, placing it as a public health problem, whose management has been difficult to control, with repercussions on individuals' quality of life. Given this problem, the aim of this study was precisely to develop a work that allows us to understand the perspective of health professionals on the use of morphine in the management of chronic pain. For a deeper understanding of the phenomenon, a set of specific objectives were outlined, namely: to identify situations in which morphine should be used in the management of chronic pain; identify factors that interfere with the use of morphine in chronic pain management and identify dilemmas facing health professionals in the use of morphine in chronic pain management. To achieve these objectives, a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research was chosen. The strategy chosen for data collection was the semi-structured interview. The data collected were analyzed using the content analysis technique, by L. Bardin (2011). The results show that health professionals (PS) admit that pain is still a problem and is often undervalued. They recognize the importance of morphine and therefore recommend its use. They assume that morphine treatment favors the patient's comfort and quality of life. However it is not the drug of choice, and is still seen by many as a last resort. However, they stated that in their opinion opioids would be a way to control pain and improve the quality of life of patients. From the analysis of the results we can see that fear, very associated with the side effects of morphine use, is one of the major barriers to pain control. Despite the limitations underlying the present study, it is considered, however, that the proposed objectives were achieved. It is hoped, therefore, that this work can be a stimulus for reflection and the production of future investigations about the problem involving the use of morphine to control chronic pain.

Biocompatibility of a New Dental Glass Ionomer Cement with Cellulose Microfibers and Cellulose Nanocrystals.

Developing new restorative materials should avoid damage to tissue structures. This study evaluated the biocompatibility of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC) mechanically reinforced with cellulose microfibers (GIC+CM) or cellulose nanocrystals (GIC+CN) by implantation of three test specimens in subcutaneous tissue in the dorsal region of 15 Rattus norvegicus albinus rats. Each rat received one specimen of each cement, resulting in the following groups (n=15): Group GIC (Control), Group GIC+CM and Group GIC+NC. After time intervals of 7, 30 and 60 days, the animals were sacrificed and the following aspects were histologically evaluated: type of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, blood vessels, macrophages, giant cells, type of inflammatory reaction and capsule thickness (µm). These events were scored as (-) absent, (+) light, (++) moderate and (+++) intense. The results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney post test. At 7 days, Group GIC+NC showed more favorable tissue repair because quantitatively there were more fibroblasts (p=0.022), fewer macrophages (p=0.008) and mononuclear cells (p=0.033). Polymorphonuclear neutrophils and giant cells were absent in all experimental periods. At 60 days, test specimens in Group GIC+NC were surrounded by a fibrous tissue capsule with reduced thickness (26.72±2.87 µm) in comparison with Group GIC+CM (41.21±3.98 µm) (p=0.025). In general, all biomaterials showed satisfactory biocompatibility, but glass ionomer cement modified with cellulose nanocrystals showed a more advanced tissue repair.

Biocompatibility of a New Dental Glass Ionomer Cement with Cellulose Microfibers and Cellulose Nanocrystals

Resumo Os novos materiais restauradores em desenvolvimento devem evitar danos aos tecidos dentários. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a biocompatibilidade de uma marca comercial de cimento de ionômero de vidro convencional (CIV) modificado com microfibras de celulose (CIV+MC) ou nanocristais de celulose (CIV+NC) através da implantação de três amostras em tecido subcutâneo na região dorsal de 15 ratos Rattus norvegicus albinus. Cada rato recebeu um exemplar de cada cimento, resultando nos seguintes grupos (n=15): Grupo CIV (controle, n=15), Grupo CIV+MC e Grupo CIV+NC. Nos intervalos de 7, 30 e 60 dias os animais foram sacrificados e os seguintes aspectos foram avaliados histologicamente: tipo de células inflamatórias, fibroblastos, vasos sanguíneos, macrófagos, células gigantes, tipo de reação inflamatória e espessura da cápsula (µm). Estes eventos foram quantitativamente classificados conforme os escores: (-) ausente, (+) suave, (++) moderado e (+++) intenso. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste Kruskal-Wallis e pós-teste Mann-Whitney. Aos 7 dias, o Grupo CIV+NC demonstrou um nível mais elevado de reparação tecidual porque havia maior quantidade de fibroblastos (p=0,022) e uma menor quantidade de macrófagos (p=0,008) e células mononucleares (p=0,033). Neutrófilos e células gigantes estavam ausentes em todos os períodos experimentais. Aos 60 dias, o Grupo CIV+NC apresentou cápsula de tecido fibroso com espessura mais reduzida (26,72±2,87 µm) em comparação ao Grupo CIV+MC (41,21±3,98 µm (p=0,025). No geral, todos os materiais apresentaram satisfatória biocompatibilidade, no entanto, o cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado com nanocristais de celulose proveu reparação tecidual mais avançada comparativamente aos demais materiais avaliados.

Developing new restorative materials should avoid damage to tissue structures. This study evaluated the biocompatibility of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC) mechanically reinforced with cellulose microfibers (GIC+CM) or cellulose nanocrystals (GIC+CN) by implantation of three test specimens in subcutaneous tissue in the dorsal region of 15 Rattus norvegicus albinus rats. Each rat received one specimen of each cement, resulting in the following groups (n=15): Group GIC (Control), Group GIC+CM and Group GIC+NC. After time intervals of 7, 30 and 60 days, the animals were sacrificed and the following aspects were histologically evaluated: type of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, blood vessels, macrophages, giant cells, type of inflammatory reaction and capsule thickness (µm). These events were scored as (-) absent, (+) light, (++) moderate and (+++) intense. The results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney post test. At 7 days, Group GIC+NC showed more favorable tissue repair because quantitatively there were more fibroblasts (p=0.022), fewer macrophages (p=0.008) and mononuclear cells (p=0.033). Polymorphonuclear neutrophils and giant cells were absent in all experimental periods. At 60 days, test specimens in Group GIC+NC were surrounded by a fibrous tissue capsule with reduced thickness (26.72±2.87 µm) in comparison with Group GIC+CM (41.21±3.98 µm) (p=0.025). In general, all biomaterials showed satisfactory biocompatibility, but glass ionomer cement modified with cellulose nanocrystals showed a more advanced tissue repair.

Dental glass ionomer cement reinforced by cellulose microfibers and cellulose nanocrystals.

The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). Different amounts of CmF and CNC were previously prepared and then added to reinforce the GIC matrix while it was being manipulated. Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The incorporation of CmF in the GIC matrix did not greatly improve the mechanical properties of GIC. However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. Because the composites presented a considerable increase in mechanical properties, the modification of the conventional GIC with CNC can represent a new and promising dental restorative material.

Addition of mechanically processed cellulosic fibers to ionomer cement: mechanical properties.

In this study, conventional restorative glass ionomer cement (GIC) was modified by embedding it with mechanically processed cellulose fibers. Two concentrations of fibers were weighed and agglutinated into the GIC during manipulation, yielding Experimental Groups 2 (G2; 3.62 wt% of fibers) and 3 (G3; 7.24 wt% of fibers), which were compared against a control group containing no fibers (G1). The compressive strengths and elastic modulus of the three groups, and their diametral tensile strengths and stiffness, were evaluated on a universal test machine. The compressive and diametral tensile strengths were significantly higher in G3 than in G1. Statistically significant differences in elastic modulus were also found between G2 and G1 and between G2 and G3, whereas the stiffness significantly differed between G1 and G2. The materials were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Heterogeneously shaped particles were found on the G2 and G3 surfaces, and the cement matrices were randomly interspersed with long intermingled fibers. The EDS spectra of the composites revealed the elemental compositions of the precursor materials. The physically processed cellulosic fibers (especially at the higher concentration) increased the compressive and diametral tensile strengths of the GIC, and demonstrated acceptable elastic modulus and stiffness.

Addition of mechanically processed cellulosic fibers to ionomer cement: mechanical properties

In this study, conventional restorative glass ionomer cement (GIC) was modified by embedding it with mechanically processed cellulose fibers. Two concentrations of fibers were weighed and agglutinated into the GIC during manipulation, yielding Experimental Groups 2 (G2; 3.62 wt% of fibers) and 3 (G3; 7.24 wt% of fibers), which were compared against a control group containing no fibers (G1). The compressive strengths and elastic modulus of the three groups, and their diametral tensile strengths and stiffness, were evaluated on a universal test machine. The compressive and diametral tensile strengths were significantly higher in G3 than in G1. Statistically significant differences in elastic modulus were also found between G2 and G1 and between G2 and G3, whereas the stiffness significantly differed between G1 and G2. The materials were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Heterogeneously shaped particles were found on the G2 and G3 surfaces, and the cement matrices were randomly interspersed with long intermingled fibers. The EDS spectra of the composites revealed the elemental compositions of the precursor materials. The physically processed cellulosic fibers (especially at the higher concentration) increased the compressive and diametral tensile strengths of the GIC, and demonstrated acceptable elastic modulus and stiffness.

Extraction and characterization of highly purified collagen from bovine pericardium for potential bioengineering applications.

Bovine pericardium is widely used as a raw material in bioengineering as a source of collagen, a fundamental structural molecule. The physical, chemical, and biocompatibility characteristics of these natural fibers enable their broad use in several areas of the health sciences. For these applications, it is important to obtain collagen of the highest possible purity. The lack of a method to produce these pure biocompatible materials using simple and economically feasible techniques presents a major challenge to their production on an industrial scale. This study aimed to extract, purify, and characterize the type I collagen protein originating from bovine pericardium, considered to be an abundant tissue resource. The pericardium tissue was collected from male animals at slaughter age. Pieces of bovine pericardium were enzymatically digested, followed by a novel protocol developed for protein purification using ion-exchange chromatography. The material was extensively characterized by electrophoresis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The results showed a purified material with morphological properties and chemical functionalities compatible with type I collagen and similar to a highly purified commercial collagen. Thus, an innovative and relatively simple processing method was developed to extract and purify type I collagen from bovine tissue with potential applications as a biomaterial for regenerative tissue engineering.

Furcation lesion in a mandibular canine.

Morphological changes can complicate dental treatment. This report presents a rare case of a furcation lesion in a mandibular canine with two roots. A 39-year-old man in general good health sought dental care for severe pain in his maxillary anterior teeth. The clinical examination showed localized swelling in the vestibular mucosa close to the mandibular left canine. Radiographic examination revealed two distinct roots and vertical bone resorption in the canine's mesial surface. Periodontal evaluation led to a diagnosis of periodontal abscess associated with furcation lesion. Despite the occurrence in an atypical location, the site of periodontal furcation received conventional therapy for initial decontamination, including tissue debridement and a combination of polyvinylpyrrolidone irrigation and antibiotics. To improve access, the decontamination was completed with surgical techniques and scaling and root planing. Early diagnosis of this rare morphological change helped to determine appropriate, timely treatment planning and optimal patient recovery.

Estudos dos compostos orgânicos voláteis precursores de ozônio na cidade de São Paulo / Studies of the volatile organic compounds precursors of ozone in São Paulo city

O ozônio é o principal problema de poluição do ar na cidade de São Paulo. Este estudo, que foi realizado em uma estação de monitoramento da qualidade do ar da Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental (CETESB), enfoca a elucidação dos principais compostos orgânicos voláteis precursores de ozônio na atmosfera paulistana. Foram coletadas 36 amostras nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2006, nos quais o consumo de etanol era de aproximadamente 50 por cento nesta época. Foram quantificadas 69 espécies de compostos orgânicos voláteis, nos quais os dez compostos mais importantes na formação de O3 foram: 1-buteno (6,8 por cento), eteno (6,5 por cento), formaldeído (6,1 por cento), acetaldeído (5,5 por cento), tolueno (4,8 por cento), 1-etil-4-metilbenzeno (3,7 por cento), trans-2-penteno (3,7 por cento), propeno (3,7 por cento), trans-2-buteno (3,5 por cento) e 1-metilciclopenteno (3,5 por cento). As classes mais abundantes em concentração no ar foram: alcanos (45 por cento), alcenos (26 por cento), aromáticos (14 por cento), aldeídos (13 por cento) e alcadienos (2 por cento).

Ozone is the main problem of air pollution in the city of São Paulo. This study, which was carried out in the Brazilian Basic Sanitation Engineering Company (CETESB, acronym in Portuguese) monitoring station of air quality, focused on the elucidation of the main volatile organic compounds ozone precursors in São Paulo atmosphere. Thirty-six samples were collected in August and September 2006, when the consumption of ethanol was about 50 percent, 69 species of volatile organic compounds were quantified, the ten major urban pollutants compounds in the formation of O3 were: 1-butene (6.8 percent), ethylene (6.5 percent), formaldehyde (6.1 percent), acetaldehyde (5.5 percent), toluene (4.8 percent), 1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene (3.7 percent), trans-2-pentene (3.7 percent), propylene (3.7 percent), trans-2-butene (3.5 percent), and 1-methylcyclopentene (3.5 percent). The most abundant classes of air concentration were: alkanes (45 percent), alkenes (26 percent), aromatics (14 percent), aldehydes (13 percent), and alkadyenes (2 percent).

Avaliação anti-microbiológica do ácido peracético como desinfetante para moldes odontológicos / Anti-microbial evaluation of peracetic acid as a disinfectant for dental impressions

Objetivo: Esse estudo piloto avaliou a atividade desinfetante do ácido peracético a 0,2% em corpos de prova de hidrocolóide irreversível. Materiais e métodos: Sua ação antimicrobiana foi investigada comparativamente à solução de glutaraldeído 2%, à solução de hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% e ao digluconato de clorexidina agregado à fórmula de um hidrocolóide irreversível. Foram selecionadas cepas de quatro microrganismos, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacilus proteus e Candida albicans para inoculação nos meios de cultura. As amostras de hidrocolóide irreversível foram divididas aleatoriamente em cinco grupos...

Effectiveness of chemomechanical preparation with alternating use of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA in eliminating intracanal Enterococcus faecalis biofilm.

INTRODUCTION: The elimination of microorganisms from root canals is a critical step in endodontic treatment. We aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of an alternating irrigation regimen during chemomechanical preparation (CMP). METHODS: During 21 days, root canals of extracted human teeth were infected with Enterococcus faecalis, and colonization was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Canals were irrigated with saline solution (control group), with 5.25% NaOCl followed by a final rinse with 17% EDTA (conventional irrigation group), or with the alternating use of NaOCl and EDTA (alternating irrigation [AI] group). Samples were taken before treatment (S1), after CMP (S2), and during the following 14 days. Two specimens/group were analyzed by SEM. RESULTS: The AI group yielded negative agar and liquid cultures from immediately after CMP and from the 5th day on, respectively. SEM confirmed several bacterium-free sites in the AI group. CONCLUSION: The irrigation regimen based on the alternating use of NaOCl and EDTA seems to be a promising endodontic tool because it promoted the elimination of root canal E. faecalis biofilms throughout the experimental period.

Ata-me: entrelinhas na comunicação de adolescentes e jovens / Tie me: Between the lines of adolescents and young people

Este artigo é resultante de trabalhos de arte-educação realizados em instituições na cidade de São Paulo com adolescentes e jovens em situação de vulnerabilidade. A tônica central desta reflexão é a contribuição da escuta analítica como possibilidade de relembrar histórias e memórias, possibilitando observar outros atributos a partir de palavras que permitam revelar um movimento subjetivo perdido nesses jovens, dando espaço a um movimento capaz de impulsioná-los a falar de suas histórias, mas com marcas de singularidade apropriadas à sua capacidade. A partir dessas experiências, percebemos que, mais do que uma intervenção para atender às necessidades biológicas desses jovens, é necessária uma ação que gere sentido aos atos por eles produzidos. Sendo assim, uma escuta analítica, que considere uma frase ou palavra enunciada pelo participante, pode atribuir luz a alguma marca que tenha a capacidade de conectar esse jovem à sua própria história, algum traço no qual ele possa se reconhecer. Assim, com essas intervenções, pode-se concluir que crianças, adolescentes e jovens que vivem em situações precárias e expostos a diversas violências tentam, aos seus modos, preservar algum fio condutor de saúde psíquica.

Sistematização da assistência de enfermagem como uma estratégia para a autonomia do enfermeiro / Systematization of nursing care as a strategy for the autonomy of nurses

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar e analisar a autonomia profissional construída pelo enfermeiro, com base numa assistência sistematizada. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão de literatura nacional. Os artigos foram localizados através das bases de dados LILACS e SCIELO além de periódicos de enfermagem e livros que trazem uma abordagem histórica e conceitual sobre o processo de enfermagem. A Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem - SAE tem como objetivo realizar um planejamento propício a transformar o trabalho do profissional enfermeiro em uma resposta eficiente às necessidades do paciente, permitindo que o universo dessas respostas seja baseado em princípios científicos dando uma maior credibilidade e autonomia ao enfermeiro na execução das suas atividades.

Amostra citológica: coleta e laudo / Cytologic pattern: collection and report

As lesões intra-epiteliais escamosas do colo do útero são comprovadamente precursoras do carcinoma invasivo cervical. Sua identificação precoce é de grande importância na terapêutica e prognóstico das pacientes. Vários exames são utilizados na avaliação dessas lesões, dentre eles destaca-se o exame citológico. Portanto, recomendam-se a padronização dos métodos de coleta de amostra citológica, coloração das lâminas e liberação de laudos laboratoriais para o clínico. Este estudo tem como objetivo revisar, de acordo com a literatura atual e padronizações vigentes, os métodos mais indicados para coleta de material citológico, coloração da amostras e liberação dos laudos citopatológicos.