ABSTRACT
The genus Xanthomonas is composed of several species that cause severe crop losses around the world. In Latin America, one of the most relevant species is Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, which is responsible for black rot in cruciferous plants. This pathogen causes yield losses in several cultures, including cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli. Although the complete structural genome of X. campestris pv. campestris has been elucidated, little is known about the protein expression of this pathogen in close interaction with the host plant. Recently, a method for in vivo analysis of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri was developed. In the present study, this technique was employed for the characterization of the protein expression of X. campestris pv. campestris in close interaction with the host plant Brassica oleracea. The bacterium was infiltrated into leaves of the susceptible cultivar and later recovered for proteome analysis. Recovered cells were used for protein extraction and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Proteins were analysed by peptide mass fingerprinting or de novo sequencing and identified by searches in public databases. The approach used in this study may be extremely useful in further analyses in order to develop novel strategies to control this important plant pathogen.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Brassica/microbiology , Host-Pathogen Interactions , Proteomics , Xanthomonas campestris/metabolism , Xanthomonas campestris/pathogenicity , Amino Acid Sequence , Bacterial Proteins/chemistry , Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification , Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional , Molecular Sequence Data , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Plant Leaves/microbiology , Sequence Analysis, Protein , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationABSTRACT
This is the first broad proteomic description of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, an endophytic bacterium, responsible for the major fraction of the atmospheric nitrogen fixed in sugarcane in tropical regions. Proteomic coverage of G. diazotrophicus PAL5 was obtained by two independent approaches: 2-DE followed by MALDI-TOF or TOF-TOF MS and 1-DE followed by chromatography in a C18 column online coupled to an ESI-Q-TOF or ESI-IT mass spectrometer. The 583 identified proteins were sorted into functional categories and used to describe potential metabolic pathways for nucleotides, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, cofactors and energy production, according to the Enzyme Commission of Enzyme Nomenclature (EC) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) databases. The identification of such proteins and their possible insertion in conserved biochemical routes will allow comparisons between G. diazotrophicus and other bacterial species. Furthermore, the 88 proteins classified as conserved unknown or unknown constitute a potential target for functional genomic studies, aiming at the understanding of protein function and regulation of gene expression. The knowledge of metabolic fundamentals and coordination of these actions are crucial for the rational, safe and sustainable interference on crops. The entire dataset, including peptide sequence information, is available as Supporting Information and is the major contribution of this work.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Gluconacetobacter/metabolism , Proteome/analysis , Saccharum/growth & development , Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional , Gluconacetobacter/growth & development , Saccharum/microbiology , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methodsABSTRACT
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O diagnóstico e o tratamento da sepse continuam a desafiar a todos; e desenvolver formas mais precisas de abordagem são absolutamente necessárias. O objetivo deste estudo foi empregar técnicas proteômicas, eletroforese bidimensional e espectrometria de massa, para verificar a expressão diferencial de proteínas, em soro de pacientes com sepse comparado com controles saudáveis. MÉTODO: Amostras de soro de 30 pacientes com sepse, causada por vários tipos de microorganismos e de 30 controles saudáveis foram obtidas para análise. A seguir, foram submetidas a 2D-SDS-PAGE, comparação entre géis, seleção de spots para excisão e digestão com tripsina, sendo os peptídeos analisados por MALDI TOF-TOF. Os espectros obtidos foram processados (Mascot-matrixscience) para identificação de proteínas no NCBInr Data Bank. RESULTADOS: A análise das imagens mostrou vários spots com expressão diferencial nos géis dos pacientes com sepse em relação aos controles. A identificação de proteínas em alguns destes spots encontrou: precursor Orosomucoide 1, Apolipoproteína A-IV, precursor Apolipoproteína A-IV, precursor Haptoglobina, Haptoglobina, proteína Zinc finger, Amilóide sérico A-1, Transtiretina, Nebulin, Complemento C4, Alfa1-Antitripsina, produto protéico não nominado e outros. CONCLUSÕES: Soros de pacientes com diferentes tipos de sepse expressam padrão protéico característico por 2D-SDS-PAGE comparado com controles. A maior expressão foi de proteínas de fase aguda e lipoproteínas. É possível que no futuro, com a proteômica, criar painel diagnóstico de proteínas, encontrar novos biomarcadores e alvos para intervenção terapêutica na sepse. Esta é a primeira descrição, com a proteômica, das alterações na expressão protéica, no soro de pacientes com sepse.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The diagnostic and treatment of sepsis continue to challenger all, and, more specific forms to approach are absolutely necessary. The objective of this study was to use proteomics techniques, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, to verify the differential protein expression between serum of patients with sepsis and health controls. METHODS: Samples of serum the 30 patients with sepsis, caused for different types of microorganisms and serum of 30 health controls were obtained for analysis. Next, were submitted to 2D-SDS-PAGE, gels compared, selection of spots for excision and digestion with trypsin, being the peptides analyzed for MALDI TOF-TOF. The obtained spectrums were processed (Mascot-matrix science) for protein identification in NCBInr Data Bank. RESULTS: Image analyses showed several spots with differential expressions in the gels of the patients with sepsis in relation to the controls. The protein identification of some of these spots founded: Orosomucoid 1 precursor, Apolipoprotein A-IV, Apolipoprotein A-IV precursor, Haptoglobin protein precursor, Haptoglobin, Zinc finger protein, Serum amyloid A-1, Transthyretin, Nebulin, Complement C4, Alpha1-Antitrypsin, Unnamed protein product and others. CONCLUSIONS: Serum of the patients with different types of sepsis express characteristic protein profiles by 2D-SDS-PAGE compared with controls. The most expressed were from acute phase proteins and lipoproteins. It is possible in the future, with proteomics, create diagnostic panel of proteins, finding news biomarkers and targets for therapeutic interventions in sepsis. This is a first description, with proteomics, of the alterations in protein expression, in serum of the patients with sepsis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Proteomics/trends , Sepsis/diagnosisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The diagnostic and treatment of sepsis continue to challenger all, and, more specific forms to approach are absolutely necessary. The objective of this study was to use proteomics techniques, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, to verify the differential protein expression between serum of patients with sepsis and health controls. METHODS: Samples of serum the 30 patients with sepsis, caused for different types of microorganisms and serum of 30 health controls were obtained for analysis. Next, were submitted to 2D-SDS-PAGE, gels compared, selection of spots for excision and digestion with trypsin, being the peptides analyzed for MALDI TOF-TOF. The obtained spectrums were processed (Mascot-matrix science) for protein identification in NCBInr Data Bank. RESULTS: Image analyses showed several spots with differential expressions in the gels of the patients with sepsis in relation to the controls. The protein identification of some of these spots founded: Orosomucoid 1 precursor, Apolipoprotein A-IV, Apolipoprotein A-IV precursor, Haptoglobin protein precursor, Haptoglobin, Zinc finger protein, Serum amyloid A-1, Transthyretin, Nebulin, Complement C4, Alpha1-Antitrypsin, Unnamed protein product and others. CONCLUSIONS: Serum of the patients with different types of sepsis express characteristic protein profiles by 2D-SDS-PAGE compared with controls. The most expressed were from acute phase proteins and lipoproteins. It is possible in the future, with proteomics, create diagnostic panel of proteins, finding news biomarkers and targets for therapeutic interventions in sepsis. This is a first description, with proteomics, of the alterations in protein expression, in serum of the patients with sepsis.