ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: the purpose of this research was to identify the sociodemographic and microbiological characteristics and antibiotic resistance rates of patients with diabetic foot infections, hospitalized in an emergency reference center. METHODS: it was an observational and transversal study. The sociodemographic data were collected by direct interview with the patients. During the surgical procedures, specimens of tissue of the infected foot lesions were biopsied to be cultured, and for bacterial resistance analysis. RESULTS: the sample consisted of 105 patients. The majority of patierns were men, over 50 years of age, married and with low educational level. There was bacterial growth in 95 of the 105 tissue cultures. In each positive culture only one germ was isolated. There was a high prevalence of germs of the Enterobacteriaceae family (51,5%). Gram-negative germs were isolated in 60% of cultures and the most individually isolated germs were the Gram-positive cocci, Staphylococcus aureus (20%) and Enterococcus faecalis (17,9%). Regarding antibiotic resistance rates, a high frequency of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin (63,0%) and to ciprofloxacin (55,5%) was found; additionally, 43,5% of the Gram-negative isolated germs were resistant to ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: the majority of patients were men, over 50 years of age, married and with low educational level. The most prevalent isolated germs from the infected foot lesions were Gram-negative bacteria, resistant to ciprofloxacin, and the individually most isolated germ was the methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Diabetic Foot/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/microbiology , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Diabetes Complications , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetic Foot/drug therapy , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Female , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Humans , Infections , Male , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Middle Aged , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/epidemiology , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/microbiologyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose: the purpose of this research was to identify the sociodemographic and microbiological characteristics and antibiotic resistance rates of patients with diabetic foot infections, hospitalized in an emergency reference center. Methods: it was an observational and transversal study. The sociodemographic data were collected by direct interview with the patients. During the surgical procedures, specimens of tissue of the infected foot lesions were biopsied to be cultured, and for bacterial resistance analysis. Results: the sample consisted of 105 patients. The majority of patierns were men, over 50 years of age, married and with low educational level. There was bacterial growth in 95 of the 105 tissue cultures. In each positive culture only one germ was isolated. There was a high prevalence of germs of the Enterobacteriaceae family (51,5%). Gram-negative germs were isolated in 60% of cultures and the most individually isolated germs were the Gram-positive cocci, Staphylococcus aureus (20%) and Enterococcus faecalis (17,9%). Regarding antibiotic resistance rates, a high frequency of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin (63,0%) and to ciprofloxacin (55,5%) was found; additionally, 43,5% of the Gram-negative isolated germs were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: the majority of patients were men, over 50 years of age, married and with low educational level. The most prevalent isolated germs from the infected foot lesions were Gram-negative bacteria, resistant to ciprofloxacin, and the individually most isolated germ was the methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o perfil sociodemográfico, microbiológico e de resistência bacteriana em pacientes com pé diabético infectado. Métodos: tratou-se de estudo observacional, transversal que avaliou os perfis sóciodemográfico e microbiológico de pacientes portadores de pé diabético infectado internados em Pronto Socorro de referência. Os dados sociodemográficos foram coletados por meio de entrevista. Foram colhidos, durante os procedimentos cirúrgicos, fragmentos de tecidos das lesões podais infectadas para realização de cultura/antibiograma. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 105 pacientes. O perfil sociodemográfico mais prevalente foi o de pacientes do sexo masculino, acima dos 50 anos, casados e com baixa escolaridade. Das 105 amostras de fragmentos de tecidos colhidos para realização de cultura e antibiograma, 95 foram positivas, com crescimento de um único germe em cada um dos exames. Houve predomínio de germes da família Enterobacteriaceae (51,5%). Germes Gram-negativos foram isolados em 60,0% das culturas e os espécimes mais isolados individualmente foram os cocos Gram-positivos, Staphylococcus aureus (20,0%) e Enterococcus faecalis (17,9%). Considerando-se os perfis de resistência bacteriana, verificou-se alta taxa de Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (63,0%) e à ciprofloxacino (55,5%); verificou-se, também, que 43,5% dos germes Gram-negativos eram resistentes à ciprofloxacino. Conclusões: o perfil sociodemográfico majoritário, foi o de homens, com mais de 50 anos e com baixa escolaridade. Concluímos que os germes mais prevalentes nas lesões podais dos pacientes diabéticos foram os Gram-negativos, resistentes ao ciprofloxacino e que o germe mais isolado individualmente foi o Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/microbiology , Diabetic Foot/microbiology , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/drug therapy , Diabetic Foot/drug therapy , Diabetes Complications , Diabetes Mellitus , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Infections , Middle Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
A trombose venosa profunda (TVP) é doença frequente e importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade, apresentando complicações potencialmente fatais como o tromboembolismo pulmonar. A dificuldade no diagnóstico é um dos aspectos mais problemáticos. Por se tratar de uma doença com sintomas e sinais inespecíficos, a realização de exames complementares é mandatória para o diagnóstico de certeza e início da terapia anticoagulante. Avaliar a eficácia do protocolo de Wells et al. (2003) e do Dímero-D (DD) como métodos diagnósticos para TVP em comparação ao mapeamento dúplex (MD) e analisar alterações da Proteína C Reativa (PCR) comparando ao DD. Foram selecionados 203 pacientes com sintomas e sinais sugestivos de TVP, atendidos no setor de emergência de dois prontos-socorros de referência em Manaus/AM, durante o período de 13 meses. Após serem submetidos a anamnese e exame físico geral para preenchimento da ficha de avaliação e do protocolo de Wells et al e coleta de material para dosagem de DD e PCR, os pacientes foram submetidos ao MD para confirmação ou exclusão da TVP. Dos 203 pacientes estudados, 133 (65,5%) tiveram o diagnóstico de TVP confirmado por MD e os outros 70 (34,5%), o MD Resumo não foi compatível com TVP. No grupo com TVP, 75 (56,4%) eram do sexo feminino e 58 (43,6%) eram do sexo masculino. A média de idade foi de 51,7 (± 17,5) anos. No grupo sem TVP, 36 (51,4%) eram do sexo feminino e 34 (48,6%) eram do sexo masculino. A média de idade foi de 51,8 (±16,2) anos. Não houve diferenças significativas entre sexo e idade nos grupos (p = 0,500 e p = 0,987, respectivamente). A sensibilidade encontrada para o protocolo de Wells foi de 100% (IC 95%: 99,6 100,0) e a especificidade foi de 72,9% (IC 95%: 61,7 84,0)...
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is common and important cause of morbidity and mortality, presenting potentially fatal complications such as pulmonary thromboembolism. Diagnosis is one of the most problematic aspects. As disease signs and symptoms are non-specific, complementary exams must be performed to confirm diagnosis and start of anticoagulant treatment. to evaluate the efficacy of the Wells et al. protocol (2003) and D Dimer test (DD) as diagnostic methods for DVT compared to Duplex Mapping (DM) and analyse changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to DD. We selected 203 patients with signs and symptoms suggesting DVT, seen in two reference emergency units in Manaus/AM, Brazil over 13 months. After being submitted to anamnesis and general physical examination to fill out the Wells et al. evaluation protocol card and collection of material for DD and CRP measurements, patients were submitted to DM to confirm or exclude DVT. From the 203 patients studied, 133 (65.5%) had DVT diagnosis confirmed by DM and in the other 70 (345%), DM was not compatible with DVT. In the DVT group, 75 (56.4%) were female and 58 (43.6%) masculine. Mean age was 51.7 ± 17.5 years. In the without DVT group, 36 (51.4%) were female and 34 (48.6%) masculine. Mean age was 51.8 ± 16.2 years. Abstract There were no significant differences between gender and age in the groups (p = 0.500 and p = 0.987, respectively). Wells protocol sensitivity was found to be 100% (IC 95%: 99.6 100.0) and specificity was 72.9% (IC 95%: 61.7 84.0). Positive Predictive Value (PPV) was 87.5% (IC 95%: 81.9 93.1) and Negative Predictive Value (VPN) was 100% (IC 95%: 99.0 100.0). DD sensitivity was 100% (IC 95%: 99.6 100.0) and specificity was 98.6% (IC 95%: 95.1 100.0)...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diagnostic Imaging , Lower Extremity , Venous Thrombosis/diagnosis , Ultrasonography, DopplerABSTRACT
Traumatic amputation of the hand is an incapacitating injury, requiring skilled surgical care. Achieving functional recovery in addition to salvage of the amputated extremity should be the goal of the patient care team, after the life of the patient is secured. This is a report of the first five cases of hand replantation after complete traumatic amputation in Manaus (Amazonas, Brazil), carried out at Hospital Pronto-Socorro Dr. João Lúcio Pereira Machado. The patients were all young males, mean age of 22.8 years, presenting at the emergency room with complete sharp amputation of the hand. After initial procedures according to the ATLS® protocol, the following surgical actions were taken: heparinization of the blood vessels of the amputated extremity, fixation of the bones, wide opening of the carpal tunnel, primary vascular anastomoses and repair of nerves and tendons. In four cases, viability and partial functional recovery of the replanted hands were achieved. The unsuccessful case was due to extensive venous thrombosis.Through this preliminary experience, we can state that hand replantation can be performed successfully in a nonspecialized hospital and that optimal results depend on adequate prehospital care, multidisciplinary surgical treatment and careful postoperative assistance.
A amputação traumática de mão é uma lesão incapacitante, requerendo tratamento cirúrgico hábil. Alcançar recuperação funcional além de salvar a extremidade amputada deve ser o objetivo da equipe médica, depois de resguardada a vida do paciente. Este é o relato dos cinco primeiros casos de reimplante de mão após amputações traumáticas completas na cidade de Manaus (AM), realizados no Hospital Pronto-Socorro Dr. João Lúcio Pereira Machado. Todos os pacientes eram homens jovens, média das idades de 22,8 anos, sendo admitidos na sala de emergência com amputação completa da mão por trauma inciso. Após medidas iniciais de acordo com o protocolo do ATLS®, foram realizados os seguintes tempos cirúrgicos: heparinização dos vasos sangüíneos da extremidade amputada, fixação óssea, abertura ampla do túnel do carpo, anastomoses vasculares primárias e sutura de nervos e tendões. Em quatro casos, ocorreu recuperação parcial dos movimentos das mãos reimplantadas. O caso de insucesso foi devido à extensa trombose venosa.A partir desta experiência inicial, podemos afirmar que o reimplante de mão pode ser realizado com sucesso em um hospital não-especializado e que os resultados ideais dependem de cuidados pré-operatórios adequados, tratamento cirúrgico multidisciplinar e assistência pós-operatória cuidadosa.