Implementation and Impact of Perinatal Food Is Medicine Programs: A Qualitative Research Study.

BACKGROUND: Improving social determinants of health, such as access to nutritious food, is crucial for achieving health equity. Nutrition insecurity, especially during pregnancy and postpartum, can lead to poor maternal and birth outcomes. Food is Medicine (FIM) programs, which integrate food into the health care system to prevent or manage disease, have the potential to improve nutrition insecurity, but research about perinatal FIM programs is limited. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of public health impacts of perinatal FIM programs from the perspectives of both program implementers and program supporters and implementation strategies used to enhance program adoption, implementation, and maintenance. DESIGN: Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The interview guide was based on the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance framework. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Program implementers (n = 16) and program supporters (n = 20) were recruited across the United States through purposive sampling in 2022 and 2023. ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed using deductive thematic analysis and an iterative feedback loop with the project partner. RESULTS: Interviews were completed with program implementers and program supporters and generated meaning units (n = 1,942), which were coded into themes aligned with each Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance dimension. Perinatal FIM programs reached multiple priority populations who were mainly recruited through health care systems. Effectiveness measures typically included nutrition patterns and practices, as well as return on investment. Motivations for adopting programs primarily included partnerships and connections, financing, and policies and laws. Program components varied and were adapted to meet participants and setting needs. Policy, evidence, funding, and partnerships could lead to program maintenance. Implementation strategies applied by the program supporters included financial strategies and infrastructure changes. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to identify the core functions and adaptable forms of perinatal FIM programs, which could lead to identification of standard evaluation metrics. This could result in greater uptake by potential delivery agents, increased funding and policy support, and enhanced benefits for perinatal population experiencing health disparities.

Resistance and Aerobic Training Were Effective in Activating Different Markers of the Browning Process in Obesity.

Lifestyle changes regarding diet composition and exercise training have been widely used as a non-pharmacological clinical strategy in the treatment of obesity, a complex and difficult-to-control disease. Taking the potential of exercise in the browning process and in increasing thermogenesis into account, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of resistance, aerobic, and combination training on markers of browning of white adipose tissue from rats with obesity who were switched to a balanced diet with normal calorie intake. Different types of training groups promote a reduction in the adipose tissue and delta mass compared to the sedentary high-fat diet group (HS). Interestingly, irisin in adipose tissues was higher in the resistance exercise (RE) and aerobic exercise (AE) groups compared to control groups. Moreover, in adipose tissue, the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), coactivator 1 α (PGC1α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were higher in response to resistance training RE compared with the control groups, respectively. Additionally, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) showed higher levels in response to group AE compared to the HS group. In conclusion, the browning process in white adipose tissue responds differently toward different training exercise protocols, with resistance and aerobic training efficient in activating different biomarkers of the browning process, upregulating irisin, FGF21, PGC1α, PPARγ, and UCP1 in WAT, which together may suggest an improvement in the thermogenic process in the adipose tissue. Considering the experimental conditions of the present investigation, we suggest future research to pave new avenues to be applied in clinical practices to combat obesity.

Anticoagulant Activity of Heparins from Different Animal Sources are Driven by a Synergistic Combination of Physical-chemical Factors.

Heparin has already been found in a variety of animal tissues but only few of them became effective sources for production of pharmaceutical preparations. Here, we correlate physical-chemical features and anticoagulant activities of structurally similar heparins employed in the past (from bovine lung, HBL), in the present (from porcine intestine, HPI) and in development for future use (from ovine intestine, HOI). Although they indeed have similar composition, our physical-chemical analyses with different chromatography and spectrometric techniques show that both HOI and HBL have molecular size notably lower than HPI and that the proportions of some of their minor saccharide components can vary substantially. Measurements of anticoagulant activities with anti-FIIa and anti-FXa assays confirmed that HPI and HOI have potency similar each other but significantly higher than HBL. Such a lower activity of HBL has been attributed to its reduced molecular size. Considering that HOI also has reduced molecular size, we find that its increased anticoagulant potency might result from an improved affinity to antithrombin (three times higher than HBL) promoted by the high content of N ,3,6-trisulfated glucosamine units, which in turn are directly involved in the heparin-antithrombin binding. Therefore, the anticoagulant activity of different heparins is driven by a balance between different physical-chemical components, especially molecular size and fine-tuning composition. Although such minor but relevant chemical differences reinforce the concept that heparins from different animal sources should indeed be considered as distinct drugs, HOI could be approved for interchangeable use with the gold standard HPI and as a suitable start material for producing new LMWHs.

Habitat loss estimation for assessing terrestrial mammalian species extinction risk: an open data framework.

Terrestrial mammals face a severe crisis of habitat loss worldwide. Therefore, assessing information on habitat loss throughout different time periods is crucial for assessing species' conservation statuses based on the IUCN Red List system. To support the national extinction risk assessment in Brazil (2016-2022), we developed a script that uses the MapBiomas Project 6.0 data source of land cover and land use (annual maps at 30 m scale) within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to calculate habitat loss. We defined suitable habitats from the MapBiomas Project land cover classification for 190 mammalian taxa, according to each species range map and ecological characteristics. We considered a period of three generation lengths to assess habitat loss in accordance with the Red List assessment criteria. We used the script to estimate changes in available habitat throughout the analyzed period within the species' known ranges. The results indicated that habitat loss occurred within 94.3% of the analyzed taxa range, with the Carnivora order suffering the greatest habitat loss, followed by the Cingulata order. These analyses may be decisive for applying criteria, defining categories during the assessment of at least 17 species (9%), enriching discussions, and raising new questions for several other species. We considered the outcome of estimating habitat loss for various taxa when applying criterion A, which refers to population reduction, thus supporting more accurate inferences about past population declines.

Delayed Fluorescence by Triplet-Triplet Annihilation from Columnar Liquid Crystal Films.

Delayed fluorescence (DF) by triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) is observed in solutions of a benzoperylene-imidoester mesogen that shows a hexagonal columnar mesophase at room temperature in the neat state. A similar benzoperylene-imide with a slightly smaller HOMO-LUMO gap, that also is hexagonal columnar liquid crystalline at room temperature, does not show DF in solution, and mixtures of the two mesogens show no DF in solution either, because of collisional quenching of the excited triplet states on the imidoester by the imide. In contrast, DF by TTA from the imide but not from the imidoester is observed in condensed films of such mixtures, even though neat films of either single material are not displaying DF. In contrast to the DF from the monomeric imidoester in solution, DF of the imide occurs from dimeric aggregates in the blend films, assisted by the imidoester. Thus, the close contact of intimately stacked molecules of the two different species in the columnar mesophase leads to a unique mesophase-assisted aggregate DF. This constitutes the first observation of DF by TTA from the columnar liquid crystalline state. If the imide is dispersed in films of polybromostyrene, which provides an external heavy-atom effect facilitating triplet formation, DF is also observed. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) devices incorporating these liquid crystal molecules demonstrated high external quantum efficiency (EQE). On the basis of the literature and to the best of our knowledge, the EQE reported is the highest among nondoped solution-processed OLED devices using a columnar liquid crystal molecule as the emitting layer.

Influência do estado nutricional e do diagnóstico de diabetes na evolução clínica de pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 / Influence of nutritional status and diagnosis of diabetes in the clinicalevolution of hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Introducción: A fines de 2019 en la ciudad de Wuhan, China, se describieron los primeros casos de síndrome respiratorio causado por la enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). La obesidad o desnutrición, asociadas a comorbilidades como la hipertensión y la diabetes, pueden incrementar significativamente el riesgo de hospitalización y muerte en estos pacientes. Objetivos: evaluar la relación entre el estado nutricional y la presencia de comorbilidades con la duración de la estancia hospitalaria, los parámetros bioquímicos y la evolución clínica de los pacientes con COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: estudio retrospectivo que forma parte de un proyecto multicéntrico de la Universidad Federal de Alagoas y con un centro colaborador de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco, basado en la recolección de datos de historias clínicas de pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19, quienes fueron hospitalizados. en un hospital de Pernambuco y uno en Alagoas de marzo a diciembre de 2020. Los datos se analizaron mediante el software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), versión 20.0, y el nivel de significancia adoptado fue del 5%. Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 97 pacientes, en su mayoría ancianos, donde el 66,9% de los pacientes presentaba hipertensión y el 41,2% diabetes. El grupo con diagnóstico previo de diabetes tuvo una estancia hospitalaria más prolongada en comparación con el grupo sin esta comorbilidad (p = 0,050). El IMC medio fue de 26,2 ± 4,85 kg / m², donde la mayoría de los pacientes tenían sobrepeso (46,2%) y el 8,8% tenían bajo peso. En el análisis de la asociación entre las variables de estudio y el resultado clínico, se observó que la edad y el diagnóstico de diabetes se asociaron con el resultado de la muerte. Conclusión: Se observó peor pronóstico clínico, mayor duración de la estancia hospitalaria y mayor riesgo de mortalidad entre los pacientes diabéticos y ancianos.(AU)

Introdução: Ao final de 2019 na cidade de Wuhan, China,foram descritos os primeiros casos da síndrome respiratóriacausada pela doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). Aobesidade ou desnutrição, associadas a comorbidades comohipertensão e diabetes podem aumentar significativamente orisco de hospitalização e morte desses pacientes. Metas: avaliar a relação entre estado nutricional e pre-sença de comorbidades com o tempo de internamento hospi-talar, parâmetros bioquímicos e desfecho clínico de pacientescom COVID-19. Materiais e métodos: estudo retrospectivo parte inte-grante de um projeto multicêntrico oriundo da UniversidadeFederal de Alagoas e com centro colaborador na UniversidadeFederal de Pernambuco, realizado a partir da coleta de dadosem prontuários de pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19,que estiveram internados em um hospital de Pernambuco eum de Alagoas no período de março a dezembro de 2020. Osdados foram analisados pelo software Statistical Package forthe Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 20.0 e o nível de signifi-cância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 97 pacientes, namaioria idosos, onde 66,9% dos pacientes apresentava hi-pertensão e 41,2% diabetes. O grupo com diagnóstico préviode diabetes apresentou maior tempo de internamento hospi-talar quando comparado àquele sem essa comorbidade (p =0,050). A média do IMC foi de 26,2 ± 4,85 kg/m², onde amaioria dos pacientes apresentaram excesso de peso(46,2%) e 8,8% apresentaram baixo peso. Na análise da as-sociação entre as variáveis do estudo e o desfecho clínico, ob-servou-se que a idade e o diagnóstico de diabetes se asso-ciaram com o desfecho óbito. Conclusão: Observou-se pior prognóstico clínico, aumentode tempo de internamento e maior risco de mortalidade en-tre os pacientes diabéticos e os mais velhos.(AU)

Fatores de risco para lesão por pressão em pacientes com COVID-19 em unidade de terapia intensiva / Risk factors for pressure injury in patients with COVID-19 in intensive care unit / Factores de riesgo de lesión por presión en pacientes con COVID-19 en unidad de cuidados intensivos

Objetivo: identificar e discutir os fatores de risco relacionados à ocorrência de lesão por pressão em pacientes com COVID-19 em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa e retrospectiva que analisou prontuários eletrônicos de um Hospital Militar, no período de abril a dezembro de 2020. Resultados: participaram do estudo 44 (55%) pacientes com idade média de 68,73 anos e predominância do gênero masculino (35%). A região sacra (32%) foi a mais acometida, seguida concomitantemente das regiões sacra e calcâneo (20%) e o estágio 2 (31,8%) se mostrou mais frequente. Observou-se como fatores de risco o tempo de internação, o uso de ventilação mecânica, a pronação, o uso drogas vasoativas e sedativos contínuos, a antibioticoterapia, a permanência de dieta enteral e/ou dieta zero. Conclusão: a implementação de estratégias para prevenção de lesão por pressão é de extrema importância, pois é uma das metas internacionais de segurança do paciente.

Objective: to identify and discuss risk factors related to the occurrence of pressure injuries in patients with COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit. Method: descriptive study with a quantitative and retrospective approach that analyzed electronic medical records of a Military Hospital, from April to December 2020. Results: 44 (55%) patients participated in the study with a mean age of 68.73 years and a predominance of males (35%). The sacral region (32%) was the most affected, followed by the sacral and calcaneal regions (20%) and stage 2 (31.8%) was the most frequent. The risk factors were: length of stay, use of mechanical ventilation, pronation, use of vasoactive drugs and continuous sedatives, antibiotic therapy, permanence of enteral diet and/or zero diet. Conclusion: the implementation of strategies to prevent pressure injuries is extremely important, as it is one of the international goals of patient safety.

Objetivo: identificar y discutir los factores de riesgo relacionados con la ocurrencia de lesiones por presión en pacientes con COVID-19 en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Método: estudio descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo y retrospectivo que analizó historias clínicas electrónicas de un Hospital Militar, de abril a diciembre de 2020. Resultados: Participaron en el estudio 44 (55%) pacientes con una edad media de 68,73 años y predominio del sexo masculino (35%). La región sacra (32%) fue la más afectada, seguida de la región sacra y calcánea (20%) y el estadio 2 (31,8%) fue el más frecuente. Los factores de riesgo fueron: estancia hospitalaria, uso de ventilación mecánica, pronación, uso de fármacos vasoactivos y sedantes continuos, antibioticoterapia, permanencia de dieta enteral y/o dieta cero. Conclusión: la implementación de estrategias para la prevención de las lesiones por presión es de suma importancia, ya que es una de las metas internacionales de seguridad del paciente.

Preclinical Evaluation of Polymeric Nanocomposite Containing Pregabalin for Sustained Release as Potential Therapy for Neuropathic Pain.

This study offers a novel oral pregabalin (PG)-loaded drug delivery system based on chitosan and hypromellose phthalate-based polymeric nanocomposite in order to treat neuropathic pain (PG-PN). PG-PN has a particle size of 432 ± 20 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.238 ± 0.001, a zeta potential of +19.0 ± 0.9 mV, a pH of 5.7 ± 0.06, and a spherical shape. Thermal and infrared spectroscopy confirmed nanocomposite generation. PG-PN pharmacokinetics was studied after a single oral dose in male Wistar rats. PG-PN showed greater distribution and clearance than free PG. The antinociceptive effect of PG-PN in neuropathic pain rats was tested by using the chronic constriction injury model. The parameter investigated was the mechanical nociceptive threshold measured by the von Frey filaments test; PG-PN showed a longer antinociceptive effect than free PG. The rota-rod and barbiturate sleep induction procedures were used to determine adverse effects; the criteria included motor deficit and sedative effects. PG-PN and free PG had plenty of motors. PG-PN exhibited a less sedative effect than free PG. By prolonging the antinociceptive effect and decreasing the unfavorable effects, polymeric nanocomposites with pregabalin have shown promise in treating neuropathic pain.

Exact Solution of Kinetic Analysis for Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials.

The photophysical analysis of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials has become instrumental for providing insights into their stability and performance, which is not only relevant for organic light-emitting diodes but also for other applications such as sensing, imaging, and photocatalysis. Thus, a deeper understanding of the photophysics underpinning the TADF mechanism is required to push materials design further. Previously reported analyses in the literature of the kinetics of the various processes occurring in a TADF material rely on several a priori assumptions to estimate the rate constants for forward and reverse intersystem crossing. In this report, we demonstrate a method to determine these rate constants using a three-state model together with a steady-state approximation and, importantly, no additional assumptions. Further, we derive the exact rate equations, greatly facilitating a comparison of the TADF properties of structurally diverse emitters and providing a comprehensive understanding of the photophysics of these systems.

Erratum: Hindi, N., et al. Trabectedin Plus Radiotherapy for Advanced Soft-Tissue Sarcoma: Experience in Forty Patients Treated at a Sarcoma Reference Center. Cancers 2020, 12, 3740.

The authors noticed that content of "Conflicts of Interest" in the original version [...].

Prevalência de hipofosfatemia e risco de síndrome de realimentação em idosos internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva / Prevalence of hypophosphatemia and risk of refeeding syndrome in elderly patients admitted to an intensive care unit

Introdução: A presença de hipofosfatemia é fortemente relacionada à ocorrência de síndrome de realimentação em pacientes críticos, na qual um dos principais grupos de risco é a população idosa. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência de hipofosfatemia e o risco de síndrome de realimentação em idosos internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudo observacional prospectivo, realizado numa unidade de terapia intensiva com pacientes idosos de ambos os sexos e em uso de terapia nutricional enteral. Foram coletados dados demográficos, clínicos e exames bioquímicos, e realizadas triagem e avaliação nutricional. As necessidades nutricionais foram calculadas e adotou-se o ponto de corte de 90% para estabelecer a adequação da oferta calórica. Para avaliar o risco e a ocorrência de síndrome de realimentação, foram utilizados os critérios propostos pelo grupo NICE. A análise estatística foi realizada com o auxílio do programa SPSS 13.0, com um intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. Resultados: Foram estudados 44 pacientes, dos quais 34,1% estavam em magreza; 86,4% dos pacientes iniciaram a terapia nutricional enteral em até 48 horas, com 43,2% de adequação calórica em até 72 horas. A hipofosfatemia foi encontrada em 9,1% dos pacientes na admissão e em 29,5% após o início da dieta. Com isso, 88,6% dos pacientes apresentaram algum risco para desenvolver síndrome de realimentação e 40,9% deles manifestaram a síndrome. Conclusão: Foi identificada elevada prevalência de hipofosfatemia após o início da terapia nutricional. Além disso, o risco de desenvolver síndrome de realimentação foi elevado e sua manifestação se assemelha aos dados encontrados na literatura. (AU)

Introduction: The presence of hypophosphatemia is strongly related to the occurrence of refeeding syndrome in critically ill patients, in which one of the main risk groups is the elderly population. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of hypophosphatemia and the risk of refeeding syndrome in elderly patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Methods: Prospective observational study carried out in an intensive care unit with elderly patients of both genders using enteral nutritional therapy. Demographic, clinical and biochemical data were collected, and nutritional screening and assessment were performed. The energy and nutrient requirements were calculated and a cutoff point of 90% was adopted to establish the adequacy of the caloric supply. To assess the risk and occurrence of refeeding syndrome, the criteria proposed by the NICE group were used. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 13.0 program, with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: 44 patients were studied, of which 34.1% were malnourished; 86.4% of patients started enteral nutritional therapy within 48 hours, with 43.2% of caloric adequacy within 72 hours. Hypophosphatemia was found in 9.1% of patients on admission and in 29.5% after starting the diet. Thus, 88.6% of patients had some risk of developing the refeeding syndrome and 40.9% of them manifested the syndrome. Conclusion: A high prevalence of hypophosphatemia was identified after starting nutritional therapy. In addition, the risk of developing refeeding syndrome was high and its manifestation is similar to data found in the literature. (AU)

Self-efficacy of university students in physical education: association with personal, academic and professional characteristics / Autoeficácia de estudantes universitários de educação física: associação com características pessoais, acadêmicas e profissionais

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the perceptions of self-efficacy (SE) of university students of Physical Education from a public institution of higher education, relating the perception to personal, academic and professional characteristics. A total of 246 students undergraduate in courses of Physical Education participated in the study. The results obtained in the characterization form and in the Self-efficacy Scale in Higher Education were analyzed in the SPSS program by means of descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequencies, median) and inferential (Chi-square, Adjusted Residues, Cramer's V). In general, the evidence revealed associations between student (general, academic, regulatory, proactive, social, and management) dimensions and the receipt of research and monitoring scholarships (non-scholarship <scholarship), gender (female> Male) and the presence of an employment relationship (yes> no). The predominance of lower AE scores, regardless of the stage of the student's education, as well as the apparent lack of impact of extension scholarships on student AE levels indicate the need to deepen student development throughout the course , as well as the implementation of the projects and activities of the scholarship extension students in the investigated institution.

RESUMO Este estudo buscou analisar as percepções de autoeficácia (AE) de estudantes universitários de Educação Física de uma instituição pública de Ensino Superior, relacionando-as com as características pessoais, acadêmicas e profissionais. Participaram da investigação 246 estudantes regularmente matriculados nos cursos de Licenciatura e de Bacharelado em Educação Física. Os resultados obtidos na ficha de caracterização e na Escala de Autoeficácia no Ensino Superior foram analisados no programa SPSS, por meio de estatística descritiva (frequências absoluta e relativa, mediana) e inferencial (Qui-quadrado, Resíduos Ajustados, V de Cramer). Em geral, as evidências revelaram associações entre as dimensões da AE discente (geral, acadêmica, regulação, proativa, social e gestão) e o recebimento de bolsas de pesquisa e de monitoria (não bolsista<bolsista), o sexo (masculino<feminino) e a presença de vínculo empregatício (sim>não). A predominância de menores escores de AE, independentemente da etapa da formação em que o estudante se encontra e a aparente falta de impacto das bolsas de extensão sobre os níveis de AE discente indicam a necessidade de aprofundar o desenvolvimento dos estudantes ao longo do curso, bem como a implementação dos projetos e atuação dos estudantes bolsistas de extensão na instituição investigada.

Trabectedin Plus Radiotherapy for Advanced Soft-Tissue Sarcoma: Experience in Forty Patients Treated at a Sarcoma Reference Center.

Symptomatic control and tumoral shrinkage is an unmet need in advanced soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) patients beyond first-line. The combination of trabectedin and radiotherapy showed activity in a recently reported clinical trial in this setting. This retrospective series aims to analyze our experience with the same regimen in the real-life setting. We retrospectively reviewed advanced sarcoma patients treated with trabectedin concomitantly with radiotherapy with palliative intent. Growth-modulation index (GMI) was calculated as a surrogate of efficacy. Forty metastatic patients were analyzed. According to RECIST, there was one (2.5%) complete response, 12 (30%) partial responses, 18 (45%) disease stabilizations, and nine (22.5%) progressions. After a median follow-up of 15 months (range 2-38), median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 7.5 months (95% CI 2.8-12.2) and 23.5 months (95% CI 1.1-45.8), respectively. Median GMI was 1.42 (range 0.19-23.76), and in 16 (53%) patients, it was >1.33. In patients with GMI >1.33, median OS was significantly longer than in those with GMI 0-1.33 (median OS 52.1 months (95% CI not reached) vs. 8.9 months (95% CI 6.3-11.6), p = 0.028). The combination of trabectedin plus radiotherapy is an active therapeutic option in patients with advanced STS, especially when tumor shrinkage for symptomatic relief is needed.

Health councils and dissemination of SUS management instruments: an analysis of portals in Brazilian capitals. / Os conselhos de saúde e a publicização dos instrumentos de gestão do SUS: uma análise dos portais das capitais brasileiras.

Coparticipants in the performance, planning, and control of public policies' implementation, Health Councils are public spaces aiming at the participation and social control of health actions concerning the community. Access to information is a crucial condition so that not only advisers but also civil society can propose, monitor, and evaluate the actions taken in health. Based on this understanding and the guidance provided by Law N° 141/2012 on the visibility of SUS management instruments, this study aimed to verify how the municipal portals of Brazilian capitals have disseminated their Health Councils and the necessary instruments for analyzing, monitoring, and following-up on the health policy. While recommended by law, the research showed that dissemination occurs differently between capitals. Only 14% of the investigated portals make SUS management instruments available on the council pages, and 33% do not disclose information about the council or management instruments. The lack of such content can weaken the council's institutionality and, ultimately, participatory democracy itself.

Coparticipantes na atuação, planejamento e controle da execução de políticas públicas, os conselhos de saúde constituem espaços públicos que objetivam a participação e o controle social das ações em saúde que dizem respeito à coletividade. O acesso à informação é uma condição imprescindível para que não só conselheiros, mas a sociedade civil como um todo, possa propor, monitorar e avaliar as ações empreendidas na área da saúde. A partir desse entendimento e da orientação advinda da Lei 141/2012 sobre dar visibilidade aos instrumentos de gestão do SUS, o presente estudo buscou verificar como os portais das prefeituras das capitais brasileiras têm divulgado seus conselhos de saúde e os instrumentos necessários para a análise, o monitoramento e o acompanhamento da política de saúde. Apesar de recomendada por lei, a pesquisa mostrou que a publicidade é dada de distintas maneiras pelas capitais. Apenas 14% dos portais investigados disponibilizam nas páginas dos conselhos os instrumentos de gestão do SUS e 33% deles não divulgam nem informações sobre o conselho nem sobre os instrumentos de gestão. A ausência de tais conteúdos pode levar ao enfraquecimento da institucionalidade do conselho e, com isso, da própria democracia participativa.

Os conselhos de saúde e a publicização dos instrumentos de gestão do SUS: uma análise dos portais das capitais brasileiras / Health councils and dissemination of SUS management instruments: an analysis of portals in Brazilian capitals

Resumo Coparticipantes na atuação, planejamento e controle da execução de políticas públicas, os conselhos de saúde constituem espaços públicos que objetivam a participação e o controle social das ações em saúde que dizem respeito à coletividade. O acesso à informação é uma condição imprescindível para que não só conselheiros, mas a sociedade civil como um todo, possa propor, monitorar e avaliar as ações empreendidas na área da saúde. A partir desse entendimento e da orientação advinda da Lei 141/2012 sobre dar visibilidade aos instrumentos de gestão do SUS, o presente estudo buscou verificar como os portais das prefeituras das capitais brasileiras têm divulgado seus conselhos de saúde e os instrumentos necessários para a análise, o monitoramento e o acompanhamento da política de saúde. Apesar de recomendada por lei, a pesquisa mostrou que a publicidade é dada de distintas maneiras pelas capitais. Apenas 14% dos portais investigados disponibilizam nas páginas dos conselhos os instrumentos de gestão do SUS e 33% deles não divulgam nem informações sobre o conselho nem sobre os instrumentos de gestão. A ausência de tais conteúdos pode levar ao enfraquecimento da institucionalidade do conselho e, com isso, da própria democracia participativa.

Abstract Coparticipants in the performance, planning, and control of public policies' implementation, Health Councils are public spaces aiming at the participation and social control of health actions concerning the community. Access to information is a crucial condition so that not only advisers but also civil society can propose, monitor, and evaluate the actions taken in health. Based on this understanding and the guidance provided by Law N° 141/2012 on the visibility of SUS management instruments, this study aimed to verify how the municipal portals of Brazilian capitals have disseminated their Health Councils and the necessary instruments for analyzing, monitoring, and following-up on the health policy. While recommended by law, the research showed that dissemination occurs differently between capitals. Only 14% of the investigated portals make SUS management instruments available on the council pages, and 33% do not disclose information about the council or management instruments. The lack of such content can weaken the council's institutionality and, ultimately, participatory democracy itself.

Excited State Dynamics of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from an Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer System.

We describe the photophysical processes that give rise to thermally activated delayed fluorescence in the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) molecule, triquinolonobenzene (TQB). Using transient absorption and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, we fully characterize prompt and delayed emission, phosphorescence, and oxygen quenching to reveal the reverse intersystem crossing mechanism (rISC). After photoexcitation and rapid ESIPT to the TQB-TB tautomer, emission from S1 is found to compete with thermally activated ISC to an upper triplet state, T2, very close in energy to S1 and limiting photoluminescence quantum yield. T2 slowly decays to the lowest triplet state, T1, via internal conversion. In the presence of oxygen, T2 is quenched to the ground state of the double proton transferred TQB-TC tautomer. Our measurements demonstrate that rISC in TQB occurs from T2 to S1 driven by thermally activated reverse internal conversion from T1 to T2 and support recent calculations by Cao et al. (Cao, Y.; Eng, J.; Penfold, T. J. Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Dynamics for Triplet Harvesting in Organic Molecules. J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123, 2640-2649).

Use of Pyrimidine and Pyrazine Bridges as a Design Strategy To Improve the Performance of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light Emitting Diodes.

We present a study of two isomeric thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters 9,9'-(sulfonylbis(pyrimidine-5,2-diyl))bis(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazole) (pDTCz-DPmS) and 9,9'-(sulfonylbis(pyrazine-5,2-diyl))bis(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazole) (pDTCz-DPzS). The use of pyrimidine and pyrazine as bridging units between the electron donor and acceptor moieties is found to be advantageous compared to the phenyl- (pDTCz-DPS) and pyridine-based analogues (pDTCz-3DPyS and pDTCz-2DPyS). Conformational modulation of the donor groups as a function of the bridge results in high photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPL > 68%) and small energy gaps between singlet and triplet excited states (ΔEST < 160 meV). OLEDs using pDTCz-DPmS and pDTCz-DPzS as emitters exhibit blue and green electroluminescence, respectively, with higher maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax of 14% and 18%, respectively) and a reduced efficiency roll-off as compared to the reference devices using pDTCz-DPS, pDTCz-3DPyS, and pDTCz-2DPyS as the emitters. Our results provide a more complete understanding on the impact of the bridge structure in D-A-D TADF systems on the optoelectronic properties of the emitter and how the balance between color purity and EQE in the devices can be controlled, advancing the design strategies for TADF emitters.

Molecular Design Strategies for Color Tuning of Blue TADF Emitters.

New thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) blue emitter molecules based on the known donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D)-type TADF molecule, 2,7-bis(9,9-dimethylacridin-10-yl)-9,9-dimethylthioxanthene-S,S-dioxide (DDMA-TXO2), are reported. The motivation for the present investigation is via the use of rational molecular design, based on DDMA-TXO2, to elevate the organic light emitting diode (OLED) performance and obtain deeper blue color coordinates. To achieve this goal, the strength of the donor (D) unit and acceptor (A) units have been tuned with methyl substituents. The methyl functionality on the acceptor was also expected to modulate the D-A torsion angle in order to obtain a blue shift in the electroluminescence. The effect of regioisomeric structures has also been investigated. Herein, we report the photophysical, electrochemical, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography data to assist with the successful OLED design. The methyl substituents on the DDMA-TXO2 framework have profound effects on the photophysics and color coordinates of the emitters. The weak electron-donating methyl groups alter the redox properties of the D and A units and consequently affect the singlet and triplet levels but not the energy gap (ΔEST). By systematically manipulating all of the aforementioned factors, devices have been obtained with acceptor-substituted III with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 22.6% and Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage coordinates of (0.15, 0.18) at 1000 cd m-2.

Vanillin-Related N-Acylhydrazones: Synthesis, Antischistosomal Properties and Target Fishing Studies.

BACKGROUND: Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease, which affects millions of people in developing countries. Its treatment relies on a single therapeutic alternative, the praziquantel. This situation may lead to drug resistance which, in turn, made urgent the need for new antischistosomal agents. Nacylhydrazones are usually explored as good antimicrobial agents, but the vanillin-related N-acylhydrazones have never been tested by their antiparasitic potential. OBJECTIVE: Herein, we report the synthesis of seven analogues, three of them unpublished, their biological investigation against Schistosoma mansoni and Target Fishing studies. METHODS: The compounds were synthesized following classical synthetical approaches. The anthelmintic potential was assessed as well as their cytotoxicity profile. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and target fishing study were performed to better understand the observed antischistosomal activity. RESULTS: Compound GPQF-407 exhibited good antischistosomal activity (47.91 µM) with suitable selectivity index (4.14). Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that it triggered severe tegumental destruction and tubercle disintegration. Target fishing studies pointed out some probable targets, such as the serine-threonine kinases, dihydroorotate dehydrogenases and carbonic anhydrase II. CONCLUSION: The GPQF-407 was revealed to be a promising antischistosomal agent which, besides presenting the N-acylhydrazone privileged scaffold, also could be easily synthesized on large scales from commercially available materials.