ABSTRACT
Bats provide key ecosystem services such as crop pest regulation, pollination, seed dispersal, and soil fertilization. Bats are also major hosts for biological agents responsible for zoonoses, such as coronaviruses (CoVs). The islands of the Western Indian Ocean are identified as a major biodiversity hotspot, with more than 50 bat species. In this study, we tested 1,013 bats belonging to 36 species from Mozambique, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Reunion Island and Seychelles, based on molecular screening and partial sequencing of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene. In total, 88 bats (8.7%) tested positive for coronaviruses, with higher prevalence in Mozambican bats (20.5% ± 4.9%) as compared to those sampled on islands (4.5% ± 1.5%). Phylogenetic analyses revealed a large diversity of α- and ß-CoVs and a strong signal of co-evolution between CoVs and their bat host species, with limited evidence for host-switching, except for bat species sharing day roost sites. These results highlight that strong variation between islands does exist and is associated with the composition of the bat species community on each island. Future studies should investigate whether CoVs detected in these bats have a potential for spillover in other hosts.
Subject(s)
Animals , Phylogeny , RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics , Zoonoses/epidemiology , Chiroptera/virology , Coronavirus Infections/veterinary , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Alphacoronavirus/genetics , Betacoronavirus/genetics , Social Control, Formal , Genetic Variation , RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase , DNA, Viral/genetics , Zoonoses/virology , Mass Screening , Prevalence , Ecosystem , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Evolution, Molecular , Host Specificity , Phylogeography/methods , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Indian Ocean Islands/epidemiology , MozambiqueABSTRACT
Astroviruses (AstVs) are responsible for infection of a large diversity of mammalian and avian species, including bats, aquatic birds, livestock and humans. We investigated AstVs circulation in bats in Mozambique and Mayotte, a small island in the Comoros Archipelago located between east Africa and Madagascar. Biological material was collected from 338 bats and tested for the presence of the AstV RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase gene with a pan-AstV semi-nested polymerase chain reaction assay. None of the 79 samples obtained from Mayotte bats (Pteropus seychellensis comorensis and Chaerephon pusillus) tested positive; however, 20.1% of bats sampled in Mozambique shed AstVs at the time of sampling and significant interspecific variation in the proportion of positive bats was detected. Many AstVs sequences obtained from a given bat species clustered in different phylogenetic lineages, while others seem to reflect some level of host-virus association, but also with AstVs previously reported from Malagasy bats. Our findings support active circulation of a large diversity of AstVs in bats in the western Indian Ocean islands, including the southeastern African coast, and highlight the need for more detailed assessment of its risk of zoonotic transmission to human populations
Subject(s)
Animals , Chiroptera , Astroviridae , Astroviridae Infections/veterinary , Animal Diseases/virology , Phylogeny , RNA, Viral , Animal Diseases/epidemiology , Animals , Mozambique/epidemiologyABSTRACT
O profissional fonoaudiólogo tem um papel na equipe de incentivo ao aleitamento materno? E nos Hospitais Amigos da Criança? Foi formado um Grupo de Fonoaudiólogos Pró- Amamentação composto por profissionais que atuam na Secretaria Estadual da Saúde de São Paulo e em Secretarias Municipais de Saúde, além dos fonoaudiólogos de serviços filantrópicos do Estado de São Paulo, vinculado a Área Técnica da Saúde da Criança da SES-SP.
Subject(s)
Breast Feeding , Health PromotionABSTRACT
O presente trabalho relata a experiência de um grupo de alunos do 1§ ano dos cinco cursos da área de saúde da Universidade Estadual de Londrina no Projeto PEEPIN. Os alunos conheceram a realidade da Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) do Centro Social Urbano (CSU) da Vila Portuguesa, na regiäo central de Londrina, e de sua área de abrangência, através de visitas à UBS, creches, albergue, escolas, entrevistas com a equipe de saúde, com lideranças da comunidade e com moradores em suas residências. E escolheram o tema da hipertensäo arterial para a realizaçäo de uma campanha e uma tarde recreativa com o objetivo de identificar hipertensos e desenvolver atividades de educaçäo em saúde
