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1.
Rev Neurol ; 58 Suppl 1: S123-7, 2014 Feb 24.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25252658

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The need for effective methods of detection and treatment in the early stages of autism spectrum disorders is something that is currently accepted both by professional societies and by the healthcare authorities alike. Up-to-date comprehensive information about the screening procedures and early care techniques for children with autism spectrum disorders would make it easier to implement better detection devices as well as easing the job of counselling families and professionals about care and intervention at early ages in children. DEVELOPMENT: This study offers an updated review of the procedures for early detection and early care in autism, while reflecting the most relevant aspects that can be deduced from the experiments and studies conducted to date. CONCLUSIONS: The review carried out on trials involving the early detection of autism yields a group of important considerations to be taken into account in carry out critical analyses of screening programmes that are already under way, as well as a set of recommendations for future experiments. The review of the early care programmes provides a promising view because studies on the effectiveness of early care programmes are becoming increasingly more frequent, systematic and methodologically more appropriate.


TITLE: Programas de cribado y atencion temprana en niños con trastornos del espectro autista.Introduccion. La necesidad de la deteccion y de tratamientos eficaces de forma temprana para los trastornos del espectro autista es algo actualmente aceptado tanto por las sociedades profesionales como por la administracion sanitaria. Una informacion actualizada y sintetizada sobre los procedimientos de cribado y las tecnicas de atencion temprana para niños con trastornos del espectro autista facilitara la puesta en marcha de mejores dispositivos de deteccion y la labor de asesoramiento a familias y profesionales sobre la atencion e intervencion a edades tempranas de los niños. Desarrollo. Se proporciona una revision actualizada de los procedimientos de deteccion precoz y de atencion temprana en el autismo, reflejando los aspectos mas relevantes que se deducen de las experiencias y estudios llevados a cabo hasta el momento. Conclusiones. Tras la revision realizada sobre las experiencias de deteccion precoz de autismo, se obtiene un grupo de consideraciones importantes para realizar analisis criticos de programas de cribado en marcha, asi como recomendaciones para experiencias futuras. La revision sobre los programas de atencion temprana proporciona una vision esperanzadora porque cada vez son mas frecuentes, sistematicos y metodologicamente mas apropiados los estudios sobre la eficacia de los programas de atencion temprana.


Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis , Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy , Early Intervention, Educational , Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology , Biomarkers , Child , Child, Preschool , Clinical Trials as Topic , Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Early Diagnosis , Early Intervention, Educational/organization & administration , Humans , Infant , Mass Screening/organization & administration , Parents/education , Parents/psychology , Predictive Value of Tests , Psychological Tests , Psychometrics , Sensitivity and Specificity , Spain/epidemiology
2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 58(11): 481-486, 1 jun., 2014. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-122571

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El tratamiento de las crisis epilépticas prolongadas requiere disponer de una medicación de rescate cómoda, segura y efectiva. Actualmente, el tratamiento estándar en la comunidad es el diacepam rectal. La introducción de una solución bucal de midazolam abre una perspectiva nueva en el tratamiento. Objetivo. Evaluar el coste-efectividad del midazolam bucal respecto al diacepam rectal para los niños con un diagnóstico de epilepsia que presentan crisis convulsivas prolongadas en la comunidad en España. Materiales y métodos. Modelo coste-efectividad desde la perspectiva del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) español, con resultados presentados en términos de costes y años de vida ajustados por calidad. Los datos se obtuvieron de varias fuentes, incluidas las estimaciones de efectividad clínica de un ensayo clínico, de un panel Delphi en España y de una encuesta nacional a padres de niños con epilepsia para determinar las prácticas actuales. Resultados. El tratamiento con midazolam bucal produce un ahorro de costes en comparación con el diacepam rectal. El ahorro para el SNS español es de 5.484 euros por paciente al año. El tratamiento con midazolam bucal ofrece una mejora en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Esto, unido al ahorro de costes, hace que el midazolam bucal sea dominante frente al diacepam rectal en todos los escenarios examinados. Conclusión. Los resultados del modelo muestran que el midazolam bucal es más coste-efectivo que el diacepam rectal debido a una reducción en la necesidad de llamadas a la ambulancia y estancias en el hospital, así como a una mejora en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (AU)


Introduction. To be able to treat prolonged epileptic crises practical, safe and effective rescue medication is needed. Today, the standard treatment in community healthcare is rectal diazepam. The introduction of a buccal solution of midazolam opens up a new perspective in their treatment. Aims. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of buccal midazolam with respect to rectal diazepam for children diagnosed with epilepsy who present prolonged convulsive seizures in the community setting in Spain. Materials and methods. The study produces a model of its cost-effectiveness from the perspective of the Spanish National Health System (SNS), with the outcomes presented in terms of cost-quality adjusted life years. Data were collected from different sources, including estimations regarding the clinical effectiveness from a clinical trial, from a Delphi panel in Spain and from a national survey carried out on parents of children with epilepsy in order to determine the current practices. Results. Treatment with buccal midazolam produces a saving in costs in comparison to rectal diazepam. The amount saved by the Spanish SNS comes to 5,484 euros per patient per year. Treatment with buccal midazolam offers an improved health-related quality of life. This, together with the savings in costs, means that there is a dominance of buccal midazolam over rectal diazepam in all the settings that have been examined. Conclusions. The results obtained with the model show that buccal midazolam is more cost-effective than rectal diazepam due to a reduction in the need to call out ambulances and for stays in hospital, as well as an improved health-related quality of life (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Seizures/drug therapy , Status Epilepticus/drug therapy , 50303 , Drug Costs/statistics & numerical data , Administration, Oral , Benzodiazepines/administration & dosage , Emergency Treatment/methods
3.
Rev Neurol ; 58(11): 481-6, 2014 Jun 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24861222

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: To be able to treat prolonged epileptic crises practical, safe and effective rescue medication is needed. Today, the standard treatment in community healthcare is rectal diazepam. The introduction of a buccal solution of midazolam opens up a new perspective in their treatment. AIMS: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of buccal midazolam with respect to rectal diazepam for children diagnosed with epilepsy who present prolonged convulsive seizures in the community setting in Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study produces a model of its cost-effectiveness from the perspective of the Spanish National Health System (SNS), with the outcomes presented in terms of cost-quality adjusted life years. Data were collected from different sources, including estimations regarding the clinical effectiveness from a clinical trial, from a Delphi panel in Spain and from a national survey carried out on parents of children with epilepsy in order to determine the current practices. RESULTS: Treatment with buccal midazolam produces a saving in costs in comparison to rectal diazepam. The amount saved by the Spanish SNS comes to 5,484 euros per patient per year. Treatment with buccal midazolam offers an improved health-related quality of life. This, together with the savings in costs, means that there is a dominance of buccal midazolam over rectal diazepam in all the settings that have been examined. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained with the model show that buccal midazolam is more cost-effective than rectal diazepam due to a reduction in the need to call out ambulances and for stays in hospital, as well as an improved health-related quality of life.


TITLE: Coste-efectividad de una solucion bucal de midazolam en el tratamiento de las crisis convulsivas prolongadas en el entorno ambulatorio en España.Introduccion. El tratamiento de las crisis epilepticas prolongadas requiere disponer de una medicacion de rescate comoda, segura y efectiva. Actualmente, el tratamiento estandar en la comunidad es el diacepam rectal. La introduccion de una solucion bucal de midazolam abre una perspectiva nueva en el tratamiento. Objetivo. Evaluar el coste-efectividad del midazolam bucal respecto al diacepam rectal para los niños con un diagnostico de epilepsia que presentan crisis convulsivas prolongadas en la comunidad en España. Materiales y metodos. Modelo coste-efectividad desde la perspectiva del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) español, con resultados presentados en terminos de costes y años de vida ajustados por calidad. Los datos se obtuvieron de varias fuentes, incluidas las estimaciones de efectividad clinica de un ensayo clinico, de un panel Delphi en España y de una encuesta nacional a padres de niños con epilepsia para determinar las practicas actuales. Resultados. El tratamiento con midazolam bucal produce un ahorro de costes en comparacion con el diacepam rectal. El ahorro para el SNS español es de 5.484 euros por paciente al año. El tratamiento con midazolam bucal ofrece una mejora en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Esto, unido al ahorro de costes, hace que el midazolam bucal sea dominante frente al diacepam rectal en todos los escenarios examinados. Conclusion. Los resultados del modelo muestran que el midazolam bucal es mas coste-efectivo que el diacepam rectal debido a una reduccion en la necesidad de llamadas a la ambulancia y estancias en el hospital, asi como a una mejora en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud.


Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/economics , Midazolam/economics , National Health Programs/economics , Status Epilepticus/drug therapy , Administration, Oral , Administration, Rectal , Adolescent , Ambulatory Care/economics , Anticonvulsants/administration & dosage , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Child , Child, Preschool , Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Cost Savings/statistics & numerical data , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Critical Care/economics , Critical Care/statistics & numerical data , Decision Trees , Delphi Technique , Diazepam/administration & dosage , Diazepam/economics , Diazepam/therapeutic use , Drug Costs/statistics & numerical data , Emergency Service, Hospital/economics , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Female , Health Care Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Hospital Costs/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/economics , Humans , Infant , Male , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Midazolam/therapeutic use , Models, Economic , Parents/psychology , Patient Satisfaction , Quality-Adjusted Life Years , Solutions , Spain
4.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 58(supl.1): 123-127, 24 feb., 2014.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-119473

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La necesidad de la detección y de tratamientos eficaces de forma temprana para los trastornos del espectro autista es algo actualmente aceptado tanto por las sociedades profesionales como por la administración sanitaria. Una información actualizada y sintetizada sobre los procedimientos de cribado y las técnicas de atención temprana para niños con trastornos del espectro autista facilitará la puesta en marcha de mejores dispositivos de detección la labor de asesoramiento a familias y profesionales sobre la atención e intervención a edades tempranas de los niños. Desarrollo. Se proporciona una revisión actualizada de los procedimientos de detección precoz y de atención temprana en el autismo, reflejando los aspectos más relevantes que se deducen de las experiencias y estudios llevados a cabo hasta el momento. Conclusiones. Tras la revisión realizada sobre las experiencias de detección precoz de autismo, se obtiene un grupo de consideraciones importantes para realizar análisis críticos de programas de cribado en marcha, así como recomendaciones para experiencias futuras. La revisión sobre los programas de atención temprana proporciona una visión esperanzadora porque cada vez son más frecuentes, sistemáticos y metodológicamente más apropiados los estudios sobre la eficacia de los programas de atención temprana (AU)


Introduction. The need for effective methods of detection and treatment in the early stages of autism spectrum disorders is something that is currently accepted both by professional societies and by the healthcare authorities alike. Up-to-date comprehensive information about the screening procedures and early care techniques for children with autism spectrum disorders would make it easier to implement better detection devices as well as easing the job of counselling families and professionals about care and intervention at early ages in children. Development. This study offers an updated review of the procedures for early detection and early care in autism, while reflecting the most relevant aspects that can be deduced from the experiments and studies conducted to date. Conclusions. The review carried out on trials involving the early detection of autism yields a group of important considerations to be taken into account in carry out critical analyses of screening programmes that are already under way, as well as a set of recommendations for future experiments. The review of the early care programmes provides a promising view because studies on the effectiveness of early care programmes are becoming increasingly more frequent, systematic and methodologically more appropriate (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Early Intervention, Educational , Mass Screening/methods , Early Diagnosis , Prodromal Symptoms
5.
J Autism Dev Disord ; 41(10): 1342-51, 2011 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21161677

ABSTRACT

Early detection and treatment have been shown to be effective in reducing disability severity caused by Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). As Spanish pediatricians have no detection tool, the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) was first translated into and culturally adapted to Spanish. Validity and reliability studies were carried out in two different geographical areas of Spain, where M-CHAT was administered to two different samples, namely: 2,480 high- and low-risk children; and 2,055 low-risk children. The results obtained were similar to those yielded by the original M-CHAT studies. Differences were found in positive predictive value, due to the low ASD frequency observed in this study. M-CHAT is still being studied in a large population-based screening program in Spain.


Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Checklist , Child, Preschool , Early Diagnosis , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Mass Screening/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Spain
6.
Ther Drug Monit ; 30(4): 483-9, 2008 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18641550

ABSTRACT

This study develops a population pharmacokinetic model for lamotrigine (LTG) in Spanish and German patients diagnosed with epilepsy. LTG steady-state plasma concentration data from therapeutic drug monitoring were collected retrospectively from 600 patients, with a total of 1699 plasma drug concentrations. The data were analyzed according to a one-compartment model using the nonlinear mixed effect modelling program. The influences of origin (Germany or Spain), sex, age, total body weight, and comedication with valproic acid (VPA), levetiracetam, and enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (phenobarbital [PB], phenytoin [PHT], primidone [PRM], and carbamazepine [CBZ]) were investigated using step-wise generalized additive modelling. The final regression model for LTG clearance (CL) was as follows: CL(L/h) = 0.028*total body weight*e(-0.713*VPA)*e0.663*PHT*e0.588*(PB or PRM)*e0.467*CBZ*e0.864*IND, where IND refers to two or more inducers added to LTG treatment; this factor as well as VPA, PHT, PB, PRM, and CBZ take a value of zero or one according to their absence or presence, respectively. The administration of inducers led to a significant increase in mean LTG CL (values of 0.045-0.070 L/h/kg vs. 0.028 L/h/kg being reached in monotherapy), whereas VPA led to a significant decrease in CL (0.014 L/h/kg). Thus, comedication with these analyzed drugs can partly explain the interindividual variability in population LTG CL, which decreased from the basic model by more than 40%. The proposed model may be very useful for clinicians in establishing initial LTG dosage guidelines. However, the interindividual variability remaining in the final model (clearance coefficient of variation close to 30%) make these a priori dosage predictions imprecise and justifies the need for LTG plasma level monitoring to optimize dosage regimens. Thus, this final model allows easy implementation in clinical pharmacokinetic software and its application in dosage individualization using the Bayesian approach.


Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/pharmacokinetics , Epilepsy/metabolism , Triazines/pharmacokinetics , Adult , Bayes Theorem , Drug Monitoring , Female , Germany/epidemiology , Humans , Lamotrigine , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Statistical , Nonlinear Dynamics , Population , Retrospective Studies , Spain/epidemiology
7.
Interv. psicosoc ; 15(1): 29-47, ene. -abr. 2006. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-70864

ABSTRACT

El autismo es un trastorno grave del desarrollo de origen prenatal, que afecta a la persona durante toda su vida. Durante la pasada década numerosas investigaciones han aportado información y experiencia sobre las posibilidades de los sistemas asistencialespara detectar precozmente el autismo. Este movimiento hacia la identificación de signos de sospecha ha llevado a un reconocimiento de que hoy es posible detectar antes los casos, lo que está mejorando el pronóstico del autismo. En el artículo se revisan las ventajasde la detección precoz y la atención temprana, se exponen los signos precoces del autismo y se analizan los instrumentos de mayor interés para la detección precoz en nuestro entorno. El artículo finaliza con una exposición breve sobre el estado actual del programa de cribado en Castilla y León, concluyéndose que la coordinación interprofesional, la sensibilización y la implicación social son aspectos clave para avanzar en la detección precoz del autismo en nuestro país


Autism is a serious disorder of child growth, stemming from the pre-natal stage and enduring the whole life. During the past decade a lot of studies have provided information about how to detect autism at an early stage. There is a growing acknowledgment thattoday’s early detection improves autism prognosis. This paper reviews the advantages of early detection and assistance; outlines early autism signs and describes early detection tools. Finally, the paper addresses the screening schedule undertaken in Castille andLeon, concluding that coordination between professionals and social sensitization and involvement are among the key aspects to improve autism detection in our country


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Early Diagnosis , Autistic Disorder/therapy , Mass Screening , Family Relations
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