Correlation of serum Adenosine Deaminase levels with microbiological parameters in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Accurate diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is largely based on sputum smear microscopy, culture, and GeneXpert MTB/RIF tests; culture being the gold standard. All these diagnostic tests require sputum sample to be positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while many active TB patients often do not present with M. tuberculosis positive sputum. Biochemical markers play an important role in early diagnosis, disease prevention, and drug response in tuberculosis. This study aims to find the association of serum adenosine deaminase (a biomarker) with the various microbiological parameters like sputum smear microscopy, culture and CBNAAT in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. A total of 40 cases were collected from November 2019 to October 2021, and the presumptive cases of pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed by Ziehl-Neelsen staining for acid fast bacilli and/or CBNAAT were recruited. Serum adenosine deaminase levels were estimated.The following variables were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with serum adenosine deaminase levels: age, sputum smear microscopy findings, time to culture positivity, CBNAAT category and Ct value (Mean).This study does witness few significant correlations between serum adenosine deaminase levels and various microbiological parameters used in diagnosis of TB, which can be further explored and utilised in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Assessing Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using Bandim Tuberculosis and Karnofsky Performance Scale Scores with Serum Adenosine Deaminase Levels.

BACKGROUND: Elevated pulmonary serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels signify lung tissue damage and severe tuberculosis (TB). Serum ADA assays can be used as an additional criterion for assessing TB treatment response and as a prognostic marker in patients with pulmonary TB. The Bandim TB and Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) scores were developed based on available clinical data and investigations to allow physicians to evaluate disease treatment and response. This study examined the use of a clinical scoring system (Bandim TB and KPS scores) in the context of serum ADA activity. METHODS: Forty adults (aged >18 years) diagnosed with pulmonary TB by Ziehl-Neelsen staining for acid-fast bacilli and/or cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test were recruited. Standardized questionnaires were used to record Bandim TB and KPS scores. Serum ADA levels were estimated using a commercial kit. RESULTS: The Bandim TB score was positively associated (ρ=0.74, P≤0.001) and the KPS score was negatively associated (ρ=-0.69, P≤0.001) with serum ADA levels. CONCLUSION: Subjective and objective clinical scores of pulmonary TB were strongly correlated with serum ADA levels. Knowledge of clinical scores corresponding to serum ADA levels could help physicians understand stage and progression of the disease which may aid in early detection and better management, and reduce disease transmission in a TB-endemic country.

Detection and in silico characterization of banana bunchy top virus in West Bengal, India: relevance to global genetic diversity and population structure.

Banana bunchy top disease is one of the major prevailing virus diseases associated with banana cultivation, spreading rapidly within a small scale of time. Till date there are only few extensive reports of completely sequenced isolates in India. A study was conducted to detect BBTV infection across 12 districts in West Bengal (WB) where extensive prevalence of the disease was ascertained. In silico characterization of the six genome components were accomplished which showed 84.90-99.86% similarity with other BBTV isolates reported worldwide. The phylogenetic analysis based upon DNA R and DNA S suggested formation of monophyletic cluster of majority of the WB isolates and its close association with Tripura, Manipur, Australia and Africa isolates indicating diversion from geographical differentiation. Dynamics of evolutionary pattern such as genetic diversity including Tajima's D test and Fu Li's Fs test, average number of nucleotide differences (K), Polymorphic sites (S); Fst distance; Mismatch distribution plot; Haplotype network, and selection pressure were performed based upon geographical distribution of the virus. Population genetics analysis of both Pacific Indian Ocean group and South East Asian group of the global BBTV population revealed low nucleotide diversity, high haplotype diversity, high gene flow within the group, and negative or purifying selection constraint indicating recent population expansion. Hence, this study portrays Indian subcontinent as the possible hotspot for rapid demographic expansion from a small virus population size, contributing valuable addition to the currently available information on BBTV worldwide. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-023-00815-0.

Utility of a Clinical Scoring System (Bandim TB Score and Karnofsky Performance Score) to Assess Mycobacterial Burden in Terms of Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT) Cycle Threshold Values Among Pulmonary TB Patients.

AIM: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a global public health problem. Physicians fail to clearly interpret cycle threshold (Ct) values as a measure of mycobacterial burden due to the paucity of literature correlating Ct values with the clinical scoring. This study aims to correlate the clinical scoring parameters (Bandim TB score and Karnofsky Performance score (KPS)) with Ct values obtained by Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study spanned from November 2019 to October 2021, during which a total of 40 cases were recruited. These cases were identified as pulmonary TB patients based on Ziehl-Neelsen staining for acid-fast bacilli and/or the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. Bandim TB scores and KPSs were recorded using standardized questionnaires. RESULTS: There was a strong negative correlation between Bandim TB score and Ct value (mean), and this correlation was statistically significant (rho = -0.82, p < 0.001). There was a moderate positive correlation between KPS and Ct value (mean), and this correlation was statistically significant (rho = 0.57, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: No literature has compared Bandim TB score and KPS with the Ct values obtained by CBNAAT for pulmonary TB. Thus, the knowledge on the proper utilization of CBNAAT cycle threshold values and its correlation with clinical scoring parameters will help clinicians in the early identification and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment.

Colistin Susceptibility Testing by Colistin Broth Disk Elution MIC Method among Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative Blood Culture Clinical Isolates in a Tertiary Care Setting, East Delhi, India.

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern for bloodstream infections (BSIs), especially with the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we aimed to assess the pattern of colistin susceptibility using the colistin broth disc elution (CBDE) method among carbapenem-resistant gram-negative clinical isolates from blood cultures in a high burden tertiary healthcare setting in East Delhi. Methods: A total of 106 carbapenem-resistant gram-negative clinical isolates were tested. The most common isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter species, and Klebsiella oxytoca by CBDE method. Result: All the carbapenem resistant gram-negative bacterial blood culture isolates showed intermediate colistin susceptibility. This was statistically significant by chi-square test (p<0.5). Conclusion: This study highlights the need to monitor colistin resistance trends in the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance. Accurate surveillance of emerging colistin resistance is crucial for effective management of BSIs caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria.