ABSTRACT
Introduction: Colombia is a country with overweight and obesity problems, which, in many cases, are due to bad eating habits. Objective: To describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as family, dietary, and physical activity factors in a group of schoolchildren between 6 and 9 years old from socioeconomic level 4 in Cali, Colombia. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 150 children from an educational institution in Cali. To collect the sociodemographic data we used a previously validated instrument; the anthropometric measurements were analyzed to diagnose the nutritional status in the World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro Plus program program. A total of 62 children were identified as overweight and obese. Results: Regarding the nutritional diagnosis, 42 (28%) children were overweight and 20 (13%) were obese; 78% belonged to socioeconomic levels 4 and 5. As for the family characteristics, 47% had only one sibling and 25% were only children; 76% of the mothers and 70% of the fathers were professionals; 95% of the children did not do significant physical activity. Conclusions: Our analysis showed an association between the nutritional status and the number of siblings; schoolchildren with a higher prevalence of overweight or obesity tended to be only children or have just one sibling. We also found associations between mothers' age, especially at ages 41-50 years, parents' schooling and whether they had an occupation or job outside the home, as well as belonging to socioeconomic levels 4 and 5.
Introducción. Colombia es un país con problemas de sobrepeso y obesidad que, en muchas ocasiones, se deben a malos hábitos alimenticios. Objetivos. Describir la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad, así como los factores familiares, dietéticos y de actividad física en un grupo de escolares entre los 6 y los 9 años de edad pertenecientes al estrato socioeconómico 4 en Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 150 niños de una institución educativa. Los datos sociodemográficos se recolectaron con un instrumento validado previamente. Para el diagnóstico del estado nutricional, se tomaron medidas antropométricas y se analizaron con el programa Anthro Plus de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Se detectaron 62 niños con sobrepeso u obesidad. Resultados. En cuanto al diagnóstico nutricional, 42 (28 %) niños tenían sobrepeso y 20 (13 %), obesidad. El 78 % pertenecía a los estratos socioeconómicos 4 y 5. En cuanto a las características familiares, el 47 % tenía un solo hermano y el 25 % correspondía a hijos únicos; el 76 % de las madres y el 70 % de los padres eran profesionales; el 95 % de los niños no hacía actividad física importante. Conclusiones. En el análisis de la asociación entre algunas variables, se evidenció la relación entre el estado nutricional y el número de hermanos; los escolares con mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso u obesidad, con mayor frecuencia eran hijos únicos o tenían solo un hermano. Se estableció asociación con la edad de las madres, especialmente entre los 41 y los 50 años, la escolaridad de los padres, el hecho de tener una ocupación o trabajo fuera del hogar, y la pertenencia a los estratos socioeconómicos 4 y 5.
Subject(s)
Obesity , Overweight , Adult , Child , Colombia/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet , Exercise , Humans , Middle Aged , Obesity/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Introducción. Colombia es un país con problemas de sobrepeso y obesidad que, en muchas ocasiones, se deben a malos hábitos alimenticios. Objetivos. Describir la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad, así como los factores familiares, dietéticos y de actividad física en un grupo de escolares entre los 6 y los 9 años de edad pertenecientes al estrato socioeconómico 4 en Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 150 niños de una institución educativa. Los datos sociodemográficos se recolectaron con un instrumento validado previamente. Para el diagnóstico del estado nutricional, se tomaron medidas antropométricas y se analizaron con el programa Anthro Plus de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Se detectaron 62 niños con sobrepeso u obesidad. Resultados. En cuanto al diagnóstico nutricional, 42 (28 %) niños tenían sobrepeso y 20 (13 %), obesidad. El 78 % pertenecía a los estratos socioeconómicos 4 y 5. En cuanto a las características familiares, el 47 % tenía un solo hermano y el 25 % correspondía a hijos únicos; el 76 % de las madres y el 70 % de los padres eran profesionales; el 95 % de los niños no hacía actividad física importante. Conclusiones. En el análisis de la asociación entre algunas variables, se evidenció la relación entre el estado nutricional y el número de hermanos; los escolares con mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso u obesidad, con mayor frecuencia eran hijos únicos o tenían solo un hermano. Se estableció asociación con la edad de las madres, especialmente entre los 41 y los 50 años, la escolaridad de los padres, el hecho de tener una ocupación o trabajo fuera del hogar, y la pertenencia a los estratos socioeconómicos 4 y 5.
Introduction: Colombia is a country with overweight and obesity problems, which, in many cases, are due to bad eating habits. Objective: To describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as family, dietary, and physical activity factors in a group of schoolchildren between 6 and 9 years old from socioeconomic level 4 in Cali, Colombia. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 150 children from an educational institution in Cali. To collect the sociodemographic data we used a previously validated instrument; the anthropometric measurements were analyzed to diagnose the nutritional status in the World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro Plus program program. A total of 62 children were identified as overweight and obese. Results: Regarding the nutritional diagnosis, 42 (28%) children were overweight and 20 (13%) were obese; 78% belonged to socioeconomic levels 4 and 5. As for the family characteristics, 47% had only one sibling and 25% were only children; 76% of the mothers and 70% of the fathers were professionals; 95% of the children did not do significant physical activity. Conclusions: Our analysis showed an association between the nutritional status and the number of siblings; schoolchildren with a higher prevalence of overweight or obesity tended to be only children or have just one sibling. We also found associations between mothers' age, especially at ages 41-50 years, parents' schooling and whether they had an occupation or job outside the home, as well as belonging to socioeconomic levels 4 and 5.
Subject(s)
Overweight , Pediatric Obesity , Social Class , Exercise , Nutritional StatusABSTRACT
This paper presents a randomized clinical design for evaluating magnetic fields in the consolidation of femoral shaft fractures. The study involved the design and construction of 20 devices (stimulators and placebos) and the development of 3D computer models of stimulated patient's thighs. A total of 64 patients were included in the study. Follow up time was 8 weeks with 1 hour of stimulation a day. The electrical signals estimated in the computer models were magnetic field, current density and voltage for different frequencies and currents. The results revealed 83% consolidated cases, and 7% with nonunion within the stimulation group, and 72% of consolidated cases and 14% with non-union for the control group. The consolidation results of patients who received stimulation were superior in time and number, but were not statistically significant. The values of electrical variables estimated by the computational model were found to be within a range not harmful to the patient (µA/m2, µT, nV).
Subject(s)
Femoral Fractures/physiopathology , Femoral Fractures/therapy , Fracture Healing/radiation effects , Fractures, Malunited/physiopathology , Fractures, Malunited/therapy , Magnetic Field Therapy/methods , Adult , Female , Femoral Fractures/diagnosis , Fractures, Malunited/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
This paper presents the changes in the electrical variables induced in a 3D thigh model with femoral diaphyseal fracture when it is magnetically stimulated. Three cases with particular geometries of the models were considered: skin, muscle, cortical bone (CB), bone marrow, metal pin, and fracture shape. Fracture shape included electric properties for blood, cartilage, trabecular bone (TB), and cortical bone (CB), to represent the consolidation process. A Helmholtz coil was added to the thigh model as stimulation source. The stimulation signal was between 0.5 and 2 mT, and between 5 and 100 Hz. The results shown than induced electric signals were higher for a change in frequency than a change in magnetic field. An important dependence between frequency, magnetic field, fracture shape, and fracture properties was found. The result suggest that the consolidation process could be better if different magnetic stimulation levels were considered.