Antimicrobial efficacy of liquorice against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in various concentrations at time-dependent variables: An in vitro study.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose this study was to evaluate the inhibitory efficacy of liquorice at various concentrations against Enterococcus faecalis and their biofilms at time-dependent variables in 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 120 h, and 168 h. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antienterococcal activity of liquorice and calcium hydroxide was detected employing concentration ranging from 1-4 g and interpreted based on the zone of inhibition. The ability of liquorice to inhibit E. faecalis biofilms during the stages of growth kinetics on microtiter plate was assessed, and the biofilm architecture was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS: Statistically significant antienterococcal was observed at 3 and 4 g of liquorice against 24 and 48 h on microtiter plates. This observation was also complimented by SEM studies of biofilm architecture cultivated in root canals. CONCLUSIONS: E. faecalis biofilms at 24 h and 48 h were highly susceptible to liquorice at concentration of 3 and 4 g.

An in-vivo comparative evaluation of two herbal extracts Emblica officinalis and Terminalia Chebula with chlorhexidine as an anticaries agent: A preliminary study.

AIM: To compare the effect of 20% aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula and Emblica officinallis with chlorhexidine as an anticaries mouthwash - an in vivo study. METHODOLOGY: 20% aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula and Emblica officinalis were prepared. Forty five high caries risk patients were divided into group 1,2,3 [ n=15]and asked to rinse with 20% aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula and Emblica officinalis, 0.2% Chlorhexidine for 40 seconds respectively. Salivary samples were collected for pH, buffering capacity before and after rinsing at repeated intervals of 10, 30,60 and 90 minutes and except for microbial analysis for which it was collected before and 90 minutes after rinsing. The pH and the buffering capacity analysis was done using chairside kit and percentage of reduction of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus were tabulated and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: For salivary pH, Group 2 showed the highest peak value followed by group 1. For salivary buffering capacity, there was no significant difference between any of the groups. For microbial count, highest percentage of reduction was seen in group 2 followed by group 1 and 3. However group 3 was more efficient at 90 minutes followed by group 1 and group 2. CONCLUSION: The aqueous extract of Embilica officinalis extract and Terminalia chebula was more effective anticaries mouthwash but with less time of action than chlorhexidine.