ABSTRACT
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor that is deregulated in obesity. PPARγ exerts diverse antineoplastic effects. Attempting to determine the clinical relevance of the epigenetic mechanisms controlling the expression PPARγ and susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC) in obese subjects, this study investigated the role of some microRNAs and DNA methylation on the deregulation of PPARγ. Seventy CRC patients (34 obese and 36 lean), 22 obese and 24 lean healthy controls were included. MicroRNA levels were measured in serum. PPARγ promoter methylation was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PPARγ level was evaluated by measuring mRNA level in PBMC and protein level in serum. The tested microRNAs (miR-27b, 130b and 138) were significantly upregulated in obese and CRC patients. Obese and CRC patients had significantly low levels of PPARγ. A significant negative correlation was found between PPARγ levels and the studied microRNAs. There was a significant PPARγ promoter hypermethylation in CRC patients that correlated to low PPARγ levels. Our results suggest that upregulation of microRNAs 27b, 130b and 138 is associated with susceptibility to CRC in obese subjects through PPARγ downregulation. Hypermethylation of PPARγ gene promoter is associated with CRC through suppression of PPARγ regardless of BMI.
Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Epigenesis, Genetic , Gene Expression Regulation , Obesity/genetics , PPAR gamma/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Circulating MicroRNA , Colorectal Neoplasms/blood , Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism , DNA Methylation , Humans , MicroRNAs/blood , MicroRNAs/genetics , Obesity/blood , Obesity/metabolism , PPAR gamma/blood , PPAR gamma/metabolism , Promoter Regions, GeneticABSTRACT
In continuation of our research on Salvia triloba, acute and chronic antiinflammatory and ulcerogenic activities of chloroform, ethanol, butanol and water extracts were detected at 25 mg/kg p.o. The chloroform extract showed the highest antiinflammatory activity in both acute and chronic models, while the ulcerogenic effects of all tested extracts were found to be less than that of acetyl salicylic acid.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Anti-Ulcer Agents/pharmacology , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Salvia , Acute Disease , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Anti-Ulcer Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use , Chronic Disease , Edema/chemically induced , Edema/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Male , Plant Components, Aerial , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced , Stomach Ulcer/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Two new flavonoids, 8-hydroxyisoscoparin (1) and luteolin 7-O-glucoside 4''-sulfate (2), along with eight known flavonoids, including luteolin 7-O-glucoside 2''-sulfate, were isolated and identified from Washingtonia filifera. All compounds were characterized by (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, CI-MS, FABMS and UV. The antioxidant activities of various W. filifera extracts were determined.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Arecaceae/chemistry , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Flavonoids/chemistry , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment , Spectrophotometry, UltravioletABSTRACT
Two new flavonoids, takakin 7-O-glucoside (1) and (2) bucegin 7-O-glucoside, and six other known compounds (3-8), takakin, isosctullarien, its 7-O-glucoside, takakin 8-O-glucoside, xanthotoxin and esculetin, were separated and identified from Glossostemon bruguieri. The new compounds were characterized using modern spectroscopic techniques, including UV spectroscopy, proton nuclear resonance (1HNMR), carbon thirteen nuclear resonance (13CNMR), homomolecular quantum coherance (HMQC), heteromolecular bonding connectivity (HMBC) and chemical ionization mass spectra (CI). The effect on rats urine volume of the plant powder, its ethanolic extract, (500 mg kg(-1)) along with four of the purified compounds (1,4-6), (100 mg kg(-1)) are described. Eight groups of albino rats (200-300 g body weight) (n=5 for each group) were used in the tests for a one-time treatment, and other seven groups (150-180 g body weight) (n=5 for each group) were tested using the same dose with repeated administration for 15 days. The rat sera were collected and used to determine liver and kidney functions based on alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) for both single and repeated administration. Levels of urea, creatinine and uric acid were determined for both sets of experiments. The toxic effects of both the powder and its alcoholic extract were also studied on mice to determine their LD50, both materials proved to be non-toxic up to 2500 mg kg(-1) body weight.
Subject(s)
Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Glucosides/isolation & purification , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Quercetin/isolation & purification , Urine/chemistry , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Body Weight , Creatinine , Flavonoids/chemistry , Glucosides/chemistry , Glucosides/toxicity , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney/metabolism , Liver Function Tests , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Quercetin/analogs & derivatives , Quercetin/chemistry , Quercetin/toxicity , Rats , Urea , Uric AcidABSTRACT
Twelve hydrocarbons, four sterols, three triterpenes, nineteen fatty acids, two phenolic acids, and five flavonoids have been detected and identified in Salvia triloba. Among the isolated flavonoids, 8-methoxygenistein 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside 4'-O-beta-D-glucoside (1), is reported for the first time.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids/chemistry , Flavonoids/chemistry , Lamiaceae , Phytotherapy , Sterols/chemistry , Triterpenes/chemistry , Humans , Plant StructuresABSTRACT
A flavonoid trioside and its coumaryl ester together with seven known flavonoids and five phenolic acids were isolated from the leaves of Reseda muricata. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including UV, FAB MS, 1H, 13C and 2D-NMR, DEPT, HMBC and HMQC experiments. The two compounds were identified as kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1''' --> 2'')-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1''' --> 2'')-O-alpha-L rhamnopyranoside 7-O-beta-D-(6''''-O-E-coumarylglucopyranoside), respectively.
Subject(s)
Flavonoids/chemistry , Glycosides/chemistry , Hydroxybenzoates/chemistry , Kaempferols , Magnoliopsida/chemistry , Quercetin/chemistry , Quercetin/isolation & purification , Egypt , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Hydroxybenzoates/isolation & purification , Phytotherapy , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Quercetin/analogs & derivativesABSTRACT
Two new compounds, 2,6-bis-O-digalloyl-3-O-galloylglucose and 2-O-trigalloyl-1,3,4,6-tetrakis-O-galloylglucose, along with four known gallotannins, were isolated and identified from the leaves of Haematoxylon campechianum. In addition, four known flavonoid and three simple phenolic compounds were also detected.