[Risk factors associated with the development of the main subtypes of ischemic stroke in men aged 45 to 74 years]. / Faktory riska, svyazannye s razvitiem osnovnykh podtipov ishemicheskogo insul'ta, u muzhchin v vozraste ot 45 do 74 let.

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors associated with the development of the main subtypes of IS in men aged 45 to 74 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 380 men, aged 45 to 74 years, including 247 inpatients with a diagnosis of IS in the area of the carotid artery (main group) and 133 patients with a diagnosis of chronic cerebral ischemia, stage I-II (comparison group). To build multivariate predictive models to assess the influence of risk factors on the development of the main subtypes of IS, the method of logistic regression with stepwise exclusion of variables according to the Wald algorithm was used. RESULTS: A prognostic model of atherothrombotic stroke revealed that the history of TIA increases the risk of stroke by 14.2 times (OR=14.222; 95% CI [2.911-69.497], p=0.001), atherostenosis of the internal carotid arteries by 13.2 times (OR=13.216; 95% CI [3.092-56.493], p<0.001), an increase in the degree of hypertension by one unit increases the risk of stroke by more than 5 times (OR=5.755; 95% CI [3.326-9.958], p<0.001). When constructing a prognostic model for the development of cardiogenic embolic stroke, it is shown that atrial fibrillation increases the risk of stroke by more than 22 times (OR=22.572; 95% CI [7.061-72.163], p<0.001), the of history TIA by 16.3 times (OR=16.329; 95% CI [1.678-158.862], p=0.016), coronary artery disease by more than 3 times (OR=3.662; 95% CI for [1.159-11.571], p=0.027), an increase in the degree of hypertension by one unit increases the risk of stroke by more than 3 times (OR=3.955; 95% CI [2.228-7.021], p<0.001). When constructing a prognostic model for the development of lacunar stroke, it is shown that an increase in the degree of hypertension by one unit and the history of IS increase the risk of stroke by more than 7 times (OR=7.637; 95% CI [4.092-14.251], p<0.001) and (OR=7.183; 95% CI [1.118-46.137], p=0.038), respectively. CONCLUSION: Differences in the significance of risk factors between groups of patients with the main subtypes of IS were revealed.

[Algorithm for the differential diagnosis of precancerous and regenerative changes in the cervix uteri].

Pretumoral changes in the epithelium of the cervix uteri include cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). CIN III should be differentiated with regenerative changes during epidermization of endocervicoses. Epidermization is proliferation of undifferentiated reserve cells that differentiate towards the squamous epithelium, by superseding the ectopic endocervical glandular epithelium. This process was called immature squamous metaplasia (ISM). The objective of the investigation was to define the significance of different morphological signs in the differential diagnosis of CIN III and ISM. One hundred and twelve cervical, CIN III, and immature squamous metaplasia biopsies were selected for examination. The selected cervical specimens were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of p16 and CK17 expression. The p16+, CK17- cases were taken as true CIN III and the pl 6-, CK17+ as a regenerative process. The basis for this investigation is the signs included by O.K. Khmelnitsky into an algorithm for the differential diagnosis of epidermizing pseudoerosion and intraepithelial cancer of the cervix uteri. The algorithm was reconsidered to objectify. The investigation established great differences in the number of significant mitoses in the study groups. A clear trend was found for differences in the number of acanthotic strands. A new differential diagnostic algorithm for CIN III and ISM, which included the number of significant mitoses and acanthotic strands and p16 and CK17 expression, was proposed.

Electrical nanoprobing of semiconducting carbon nanotubes using an atomic force microscope.

We use an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip to locally probe the electronic properties of semiconducting carbon nanotube transistors. A gold-coated AFM tip serves as a voltage or current probe in three-probe measurement setup. Using the tip as a movable current probe, we investigate the scaling of the device properties with channel length. Using the tip as a voltage probe, we study the properties of the contacts. We find that Au makes an excellent contact in the p region, with no Schottky barrier. In the n region, large contact resistances were found which dominate the transport properties.