ABSTRACT
Cat domestication likely initiated as a symbiotic relationship between wildcats (Felis silvestris subspecies) and the peoples of developing agrarian societies in the Fertile Crescent. As humans transitioned from hunter-gatherers to farmers ~12,000 years ago, bold wildcats likely capitalized on increased prey density (i.e., rodents). Humans benefited from the cats' predation on these vermin. To refine the site(s) of cat domestication, over 1000 random-bred cats of primarily Eurasian descent were genotyped for single-nucleotide variants and short tandem repeats. The overall cat population structure suggested a single worldwide population with significant isolation by the distance of peripheral subpopulations. The cat population heterozygosity decreased as genetic distance from the proposed cat progenitor's (F.s. lybica) natural habitat increased. Domestic cat origins are focused in the eastern Mediterranean Basin, spreading to nearby islands, and southernly via the Levantine coast into the Nile Valley. Cat population diversity supports the migration patterns of humans and other symbiotic species.
Subject(s)
Domestication , Microsatellite Repeats , Animals , Cats/genetics , Genotype , Middle EastABSTRACT
Renal diets typically incorporate protein and phosphorus restriction, supplement with potassium and Omega-3 fatty acids, and address metabolic acidosis. Compared to "maintenance" diets, these modifications appear to benefit cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there is limited data in cats justifying the specific amounts of the nutrients used in these diets, and there is little evidence supporting protein restriction in cats with CKD. Energy intake, maintenance of body weight, and muscle and body condition need to be addressed, and may take precedence over special diets. Further research is needed to better define optimum diets for cats with CKD.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed/analysis , Cat Diseases/diet therapy , Diet/veterinary , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/veterinary , Societies, Scientific/organization & administration , Veterinary Medicine/organization & administration , Animals , Cats , Disease Progression , Internationality , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/classification , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diet therapy , Veterinary Medicine/standardsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine associations between oral health status and seropositivity for FIV or FeLV in cats. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. ANIMALS: 5,179 cats. PROCEDURES: Veterinarians at veterinary clinics and animal shelters completed online training on oral conditions in cats and then scored oral health status of cats with no known history of vaccination against FIV. Age, sex, and results of an ELISA for retroviruses were recorded. Results were analyzed by means of standard logistic regression with binary outcome. RESULTS: Of 5,179 cats, 237 (4.6%) and 186 (3.6%) were seropositive for FIV and FeLV, respectively, and of these, 12 (0.2%) were seropositive for FIV and FeLV. Of all 5,179 cats, 1,073 (20.7%) had gingivitis, 576 (11.1%) had periodontitis, 203 (3.9%) had stomatitis, and 252 (4.9%) had other oral conditions (overall oral disease prevalence, 2,104/5,179 [40.6%]). Across all age categories, inflammatory oral disease was associated with a significantly higher risk of a positive test result for FIV, compared with the seropositivity risk associated with other oral diseases or no oral disease. Stomatitis was most highly associated with risk of FIV seropositivity. Cats with any oral inflammatory disease were more likely than orally healthy cats to have a positive test result for FeLV. Increasing age was associated with a higher prevalence of oral disease in retrovirus-seronegative cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Inflammatory oral disease was associated with an increased risk of seropositivity for retroviruses in naturally infected cats. Therefore, retroviral status of cats with oral inflammatory disease should be determined and appropriate management initiated.
Subject(s)
Cat Diseases/virology , Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/isolation & purification , Lentivirus Infections/veterinary , Leukemia Virus, Feline/isolation & purification , Mouth Diseases/veterinary , Retroviridae Infections/veterinary , Animals , Cats , Female , Lentivirus Infections/virology , Male , Mouth Diseases/virology , Odds Ratio , Retroviridae Infections/virology , Risk Factors , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Tumor Virus Infections/veterinary , Tumor Virus Infections/virologyABSTRACT
RATIONALE: This Report was developed by the Feline Vaccination Advisory Panel of the American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP) to provide practical recommendations to help clinicians select appropriate vaccination schedules for their feline patients based on risk assessment. The recommendations rely on published data as much as possible, as well as consensus of a multidisciplinary panel of experts in immunology, infectious disease, internal medicine and clinical practice.
