Early experience in tracheostomy and tracheostomy tube management in Covid-19 patients.

In Italy, we have experienced Europe's first and largest coronavirus outbreak. Based on our preliminary experience, we discuss the challenges in performing tracheotomy and tracheostoma care in the setting of a new pathogen.

Chronic non-allergic rhinitis with neutrophils is associated with higher acid exposure time: A pH-impedance monitoring study.

BACKGROUND & AIM: Chronic rhinitis, a diffuse disease with a prevalence of 40%, can be classified in allergic (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR). Nasal cytology allows for the identification of different NAR sub-types according to the inflammatory cell infiltrate. NAR etiopathogenesis is not well clarified and, for NARNE (non-allergic rhinitis with neutrophils) subtype, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been suggested as one of the etiopathogenetic factors. Aim of this study is to evaluate the role of GERD in patients with NARNE. METHODS: Fifty-one consecutive patients referred to our Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) unit with nasal symptoms and cytology suggestive for NAR, were enrolled in the study. All the patients performed a gastroenterological evaluation, high resolution esophageal manometry and a 24-h pH-Impedance monitoring. RESULTS: Twenty-five (49%) patients tested positive at nasal cytology for NARNE. A pathologic pH-impedance was identified in seven patients (28%) with NARNE, as opposed to only one (4%) with different NAR subtypes. Statistical analysis showed that higher acid exposure time (AET) and weaker post nasal drainage were more common in NARNE vs. other NAR patients. CONCLUSIONS: NARNE strongly correlates with higher AET and refluxes number; thus, NARNE patients should be tested with pH-impedance monitoring in addition to nasal cytology.

Intraoperative intermittent neuromonitoring of inferior laryngeal nerve and staged thyroidectomy: our experience.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the reliability of intermittent intraoperative neuromonitoring (I-IONM) through recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) stimulation and laryngeal palpation in predicting postoperative vocal cord palsy and to examine the reliability of this technique in providing useful information in the decision to perform a staged surgery in initially planned total thyroidectomy. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent thyroid surgery at the ENT Department of the University of Bologna from January 2014 to June 2017. In all cases, preoperative and postoperative laryngoscopy was performed. All surgeries were conducted with I-IONM and RLN simultaneous laryngeal palpation (NSLP) to detect contraction (laryngeal twitch) of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscle. The incidence of vocal cord palsy was calculated for nerves at risk. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated with a confidence interval determined at 95% level. RESULTS: Seven hundred and sixteen patients were enrolled in the study. The incidence of vocal cord palsy was 3.16%. Specificity of I-IONM in predicting vocal cord paralysis was 99.1% and sensitivity was 90%. The NPV was 99.7% and PPV 78.3%. Two-stage thyroidectomy (ST) was performed in 22 cases (22/570: 3.85%). Six patients (27.3%) were false positive and 16 true positive (72.7%) at I-IONM. CONCLUSION: High sensitivity and specificity values confirm the validity of I-IONM with NSLP in predicting postoperative normal vocal cord function. Our results confirm that I-IONM may safely guide an ST overall in benign thyroid diseases and in low-grade malignancies.