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1.
Rev. bras. zootec ; 49: e20200017, 2020. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1443602

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate natamycin, Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), or their combination on the chemical composition, loss, fermentative profile, and aerobic stability as well as gas production and composition of sugarcane silages. The treatments were (wet basis): no additive (control), 10 g t−1 of natamycin (N10), 5 × 104 cfu g−1 of LB, and the combination of 4 g t−1 of natamycin and 2.5 × 104 cfu g−1 of LB (NLB). Sugarcane was chopped (10 mm), treated with the additives, and ensiled in experimental silos (four replicates). The silos remained stored for 51 days. The LB inoculation, alone or in combination with natamycin, increased the acetic acid content (by 105 and 78% respectively) and decreased ethanol content (by 83 and 71% respectively) when compared to N10 treatment and the control. A decrease in both dry matter and gas losses was observed in the LB (by 72 and 78%, respectively) and N10 (by 69 and 77%, respectively) silages compared with the control, but not the combination. The N10 treatment reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emission by 86% compared with the control silage. Control and N10 silages deteriorated to the same extent with aerobic exposure, whereas LB and NLB presented higher aerobic stability. The use of natamycin alone is not recommended when ethanol and aerobic stability are concerns. However, natamycin may be considered for the composition of blend additives to decrease greenhouse gas emission and fermentative loss in silages. Further studies must be carried out to optimize doses of natamycin in blend additives.(AU)


Subject(s)
Silage/analysis , Natamycin/adverse effects , Greenhouse Gases/analysis , Pharmaceutic Aids/analysis , Saccharum/chemistry
2.
Rev. bras. zootec ; 49: e20190214, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1443581

ABSTRACT

Our aim was to assess the mineral composition of corn silages produced in four states of Brazil: Goiás, Minas Gerais, Paraná, and Santa Catarina. In total, seventy-three samples were analyzed. Total element content was extracted by HNO3 and H2 O2 microwave-assisted digestion, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine concentration. Of the 31 elements analyzed (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Se, Sr, Ti, Tl, U, V, and Zn), 21 had concentrations above equipment detection limits. No elements reached the maximum tolerable concentration, but concentrations of Ca (0.14-0.15%), Cu (3.4-5.6 mg kg−1), P (0.13-0.16%), S (0.06-0.08%), and Zn (13-19 mg kg−1) were below the adequate concentration for good nutritional balance. The strong and consistent correlation observed between Fe and Ti in silage samples indicated contamination by soil. Mean concentrations of Cu, Mn, Mo, P, S, and Zn were different among states, and canonic analyses successfully discriminate samples according to their state of origin. Minerals from corn silage should be considered when formulating balanced cattle diets. To ensure silage quality, farmers must adopt strategies that reduce contamination by soil during the ensiling process.(AU)


Subject(s)
Silage/analysis , Zea mays/chemistry , Minerals/toxicity , Brazil
3.
J Anim Sci ; 97(4): 1634-1644, 2019 Apr 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30715358

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus inoculants on fermentation, losses, and aerobic stability of a total mixed ration (TMR) silage. A TMR, formulated to meet the requirements of dairy cows producing 25 kg of milk/d, was applied with the following treatments prior to ensiling: 1) Control (CON), 2) Lactobacillus buchneri (105 cfu/g of fresh forage; LB), and 3) Lactobacillus plantarum (105 cfu/g of fresh forage; LP). TMR silages were ensiled for 15 and 60 d in silos equipped with an apparatus for determination of gravimetric DM, gas, and effluent losses. The experiment was performed in a complete randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of the treatments, with 5 replicates per treatment. Chemical changes, microbial counts, fermentation profile, and aerobic stability were measured after opening the silos. Data were submitted to ANOVA, and means were compared by Tukey and T-test and statistical significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05. After 15 d of ensiling, the inclusion of inoculant decreased NDF (P < 0.05) and butyric acid concentrations (P < 0.05) in TMR. LP had the lowest aerobic stability (P < 0.05) and the greatest loss of DM (P < 0.03). Ensiling for 60 d increased ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), aerobic stability, and concentrations of lactic and acetic acid (P < 0.01) and lowered (P < 0.02) total fermentation losses compared to 15 d across all treatments. After 60 d of ensiling, LP lowered pH to the greatest extent. Treatment had no effect on concentrations of DM, CP, ADF, ash, and EE, as well as in vitro DM digestibility. In conclusion, inoculants containing LP or LB did not improve fermentation profile, did not prolong the aerobic stability, nor reduced losses. Furthermore, the 15-d ensiling period was insufficient for adequate bacterial activity.


Subject(s)
Cattle/physiology , Lactobacillus , Milk/metabolism , Silage/microbiology , Acetic Acid/analysis , Animals , Female , Fermentation , Lactobacillus plantarum
4.
Transl Anim Sci ; 3(4): 1543-1549, 2019 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32704917

ABSTRACT

The ensilage of total mixed ration (TMR) is a technology designed to help farmers with limitations to provide a balanced diet for their herds. Our aim was to evaluate the conservation of TMR ensiled in round bales with or without holes in the wrapping plastic film. Eight round bales of a corn silage-based TMR of 1,000 kg (370 kg DM/m3) were prepared. Ten days (d) after ensiling, four bales were randomly punctured with two holes of 25 cm2 each in opposite sides of the bale. The temperature in the center of the bales was recorded during the storage using dataloggers. After 60 d of storage, bales were weighted to assess dry matter (DM) recovery. Silages were sampled for measuring DM content, chemical composition, pH, lactic acid, and microbial counts. The temperature of the sliced bale face was assessed by infrared thermography. The holes in the plastic affected the DM content, DM recovery, and pH, whereas lactic acid, microbial counts, and temperature were not affected by treatments. The holes in the sealing plastic film should be avoided. However, holes of 25 cm2 each were not capable of causing expressive losses in TMR silage stored in 1,000 kg bales.

5.
Acta Sci. Anim. Sci. ; 35(4): 371-377, Oct.-Dec. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-28232

ABSTRACT

This trial evaluated the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis and Enterococcus faecium combo additive against a control treatment. The silages were made in laboratory silos that were stored for 30, 60, 90 or 120 days before opening. We evaluated the chemical composition of the forage before and after ensiling and the fermentative losses of silages. The additive decreased (p < 0.01) effluent production (11.4 kg ton⁻¹) compared to control silage (14.0 kg ton⁻¹), but it increased (p < 0.01) the Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) from 45.6% and 24.5% to 47.0 and 25.1% for control and additive silages, respectively. The storage periods affected (p < 0.01) effluent production, Dry Matter Losses (DML), NDF, ADF and pH variables. Fermentative losses were very low because of the adequate characteristics of maize for ensilage.(AU)


O presente ensaio experimental avaliou inoculação de aditivo composto por Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis e Enterococcus faecium em relação à silagem sem aditivo (Controle). As silagens foram confeccionadas em silos experimentais e armazenadas por 30, 60, 90 ou 120 dias antes da abertura dos silos. Foi avaliada a composição bromatológica da forragem antes e após a ensilagem, e as perdas fermentativas durante o processo. O aditivo avaliado reduziu (p <0,01) a produção de efluente (11,4 kg t⁻¹) em relação à silagem Controle (14,0 kg t⁻¹). A inoculação com aditivo elevou os teores de Fibra em Detergente Neutro (FDN) e Fibra em Detergente Ácido (FDA), de 45,6 e 24,5% para 47,0 e 25,1% para as silagens controle e com aditivo, respectivamente. Os tempos de armazenamento influenciaram (p < 0,01) a produção de efluente, a perda de matéria seca (PMS), os teores de FDN e FDA, e o pH das silagens. As silagens apresentaram bons parâmetros de qualidade e as perdas fermentativas observadas foram bastante reduzidas, dadas as adequadas características da cultura do milho para a ensilagem.(AU)


Subject(s)
Enterococcus faecium/metabolism , Yeasts/chemistry , Silage , Zea mays/microbiology , Gases/chemistry
6.
Acta sci., Anim. sci ; 35(4): 371-377, Oct.-Dec. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1459492

ABSTRACT

This trial evaluated the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis and Enterococcus faecium combo additive against a control treatment. The silages were made in laboratory silos that were stored for 30, 60, 90 or 120 days before opening. We evaluated the chemical composition of the forage before and after ensiling and the fermentative losses of silages. The additive decreased (p < 0.01) effluent production (11.4 kg ton⁻¹) compared to control silage (14.0 kg ton⁻¹), but it increased (p < 0.01) the Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) from 45.6% and 24.5% to 47.0 and 25.1% for control and additive silages, respectively. The storage periods affected (p < 0.01) effluent production, Dry Matter Losses (DML), NDF, ADF and pH variables. Fermentative losses were very low because of the adequate characteristics of maize for ensilage.


O presente ensaio experimental avaliou inoculação de aditivo composto por Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis e Enterococcus faecium em relação à silagem sem aditivo (Controle). As silagens foram confeccionadas em silos experimentais e armazenadas por 30, 60, 90 ou 120 dias antes da abertura dos silos. Foi avaliada a composição bromatológica da forragem antes e após a ensilagem, e as perdas fermentativas durante o processo. O aditivo avaliado reduziu (p <0,01) a produção de efluente (11,4 kg t⁻¹) em relação à silagem Controle (14,0 kg t⁻¹). A inoculação com aditivo elevou os teores de Fibra em Detergente Neutro (FDN) e Fibra em Detergente Ácido (FDA), de 45,6 e 24,5% para 47,0 e 25,1% para as silagens controle e com aditivo, respectivamente. Os tempos de armazenamento influenciaram (p < 0,01) a produção de efluente, a perda de matéria seca (PMS), os teores de FDN e FDA, e o pH das silagens. As silagens apresentaram bons parâmetros de qualidade e as perdas fermentativas observadas foram bastante reduzidas, dadas as adequadas características da cultura do milho para a ensilagem.


Subject(s)
Enterococcus faecium/metabolism , Yeasts/chemistry , Silage , Zea mays/microbiology , Gases/chemistry
7.
Acta sci., Anim. sci ; 31(4): 373-380, out.-dez. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1459227

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se o efeito do teor de matéria seca, uso de inoculante bacteriano e a redução do tamanho de partículas da silagem de capim-Tanzânia (Panicum maximum), sobre os parâmetros digestivos. Utilizaram-se sete novilhos da raça Nelore, em delineamento experimental Quadrado Latino 7 x 7. Os tratamentos foram: T1: Umidade original, partícula menor, sem inoculante bacteriano; T2: Umidade original, partícula menor, com inoculante bacteriano; T3: Emurchecido, partícula maior, com inoculante bacteriano; T4: Emurchecido, partícula maior, sem inoculante bacteriano; T5: Umidade original, partícula maior, com inoculante bacteriano; T6: Umidade original, partícula maior, sem inoculante bacteriano; T7: Umidade original, partícula maior, sem inoculante bacteriano, com milheto. Os tratamentos não influenciaram as taxas de passagem de sólidos (2,4% hora-1) e de líquidos (3,2% hora-1), o consumo de matéria seca (1,1% do PV) e nem o comportamento ingestivo. Observaram-se os seguintes tempos (minutos dia-1) e taxas (min kg MS-1) de ingestão de MS (293 e 68); de ruminação (432 e 102) e de mastigação (725 e 170), respectivamente. Os valores médios de digestibilidade da MS (61,4%), FDA (59,7%), PB (43,9%) e FDN (60,3%) não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Os procedimentos adotados na ensilagem não resultaram em alterações significativas nos parâmetros avaliados.


The main objective was to study the effect of dry matter content, the addition of bacterial inoculant and particle size reduction on Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum) silage on digestive parameters. Seven ruminally cannulated Nellore beef steers were randomly assigned to a 7 x 7 Latin Square design. Treatments were described as follows: T1: wet forage + small particle; T2: T1 + inoculant; T4: wilting + large particle; T3: T4 + inoculant; T6: wet forage + large particle; T5: T6 + inoculant; T7: T6 + ground pearl millet grain. The ruminal passage rate of solid (2.35% h-1) and liquid (3.17% h-1) phases were similar across treatments. The animal intake behavior was not significantly changed by treatments, averaging 293 (minutes d-1) and 68 (minutes DM kg-1) for time and rate of eating, respectively. For rumination and chewing, the mean values observed were 432 (minutes d-1), 102 (minutes DM kg-1) and 725 (minutes d-1), 170 (minutes DM kg-1), respectively. No significant differences were observed for the DM (61.40%), ADF (59.69%), CP (43.93%) and NDF (60.34%) digestibilities. The mean DM intake (1.1% BW) was not different among treatments. It was concluded that the strategies adopted during the ensiling of Tanzania grass did not result in significant changes on the parameters.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle , Digestion , Panicum , Animal Feed
8.
Acta Sci. Anim. Sci. ; 31(4): 373-380, out.-dez. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-3911

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se o efeito do teor de matéria seca, uso de inoculante bacteriano e a redução do tamanho de partículas da silagem de capim-Tanzânia (Panicum maximum), sobre os parâmetros digestivos. Utilizaram-se sete novilhos da raça Nelore, em delineamento experimental Quadrado Latino 7 x 7. Os tratamentos foram: T1: Umidade original, partícula menor, sem inoculante bacteriano; T2: Umidade original, partícula menor, com inoculante bacteriano; T3: Emurchecido, partícula maior, com inoculante bacteriano; T4: Emurchecido, partícula maior, sem inoculante bacteriano; T5: Umidade original, partícula maior, com inoculante bacteriano; T6: Umidade original, partícula maior, sem inoculante bacteriano; T7: Umidade original, partícula maior, sem inoculante bacteriano, com milheto. Os tratamentos não influenciaram as taxas de passagem de sólidos (2,4% hora-1) e de líquidos (3,2% hora-1), o consumo de matéria seca (1,1% do PV) e nem o comportamento ingestivo. Observaram-se os seguintes tempos (minutos dia-1) e taxas (min kg MS-1) de ingestão de MS (293 e 68); de ruminação (432 e 102) e de mastigação (725 e 170), respectivamente. Os valores médios de digestibilidade da MS (61,4%), FDA (59,7%), PB (43,9%) e FDN (60,3%) não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Os procedimentos adotados na ensilagem não resultaram em alterações significativas nos parâmetros avaliados.(AU)


The main objective was to study the effect of dry matter content, the addition of bacterial inoculant and particle size reduction on Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum) silage on digestive parameters. Seven ruminally cannulated Nellore beef steers were randomly assigned to a 7 x 7 Latin Square design. Treatments were described as follows: T1: wet forage + small particle; T2: T1 + inoculant; T4: wilting + large particle; T3: T4 + inoculant; T6: wet forage + large particle; T5: T6 + inoculant; T7: T6 + ground pearl millet grain. The ruminal passage rate of solid (2.35% h-1) and liquid (3.17% h-1) phases were similar across treatments. The animal intake behavior was not significantly changed by treatments, averaging 293 (minutes d-1) and 68 (minutes DM kg-1) for time and rate of eating, respectively. For rumination and chewing, the mean values observed were 432 (minutes d-1), 102 (minutes DM kg-1) and 725 (minutes d-1), 170 (minutes DM kg-1), respectively. No significant differences were observed for the DM (61.40%), ADF (59.69%), CP (43.93%) and NDF (60.34%) digestibilities. The mean DM intake (1.1% BW) was not different among treatments. It was concluded that the strategies adopted during the ensiling of Tanzania grass did not result in significant changes on the parameters.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle , Digestion , Panicum , Animal Feed
9.
Sci. agric. ; 66(2)2009.
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-440344

ABSTRACT

The use of ensiled sugarcane has been increased lately in Brazil due to the benefits that this technique represents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chemical additives on the nutritive value of sugarcane silages. The trial was carried out in a completely randomized experimental design with four replicates per treatment. The following additives were applied onto the fresh forage before ensiling: L. buchneri, lime or limestone, 1.0 and 1.5% (wet basis) each, and gypsum 1.0% (wet basis), all of them diluted into 40 L of water per ton of fresh weight of forage. The analyzed variables were: ash, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and organic and dry matter digestibility. The addition of lime or limestone before ensiling produced silages with higher nutritive value compared to all other treatments, due to the increase of the ash content and dry matter and organic digestibility, and also by reducing the fiber content. The crude protein content range was similar to the values observed in the fresh forage. The treatments containing L. buchneri or gypsum were ineffective in improving the nutritive value of sugarcane silages and became similar to the control silages. Treatment containing lime or limestone improved the nutritive value of the sugarcane silage.


A utilização da cana-de-açúcar na forma de silagem constitui-se em um tema que vem se destacando nos últimos anos, e que desperta o interesse de produtores e pesquisadores em função dos benefícios que essa técnica representa. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de aditivos químicos no valor nutritivo da silagem de cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi desenvolvido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições por tratamento. Os seguintes aditivos foram utilizados para a confecção das silagens: L. buchneri, cal virgem ou calcário em doses de 1,0 e 1,5% da MV e gesso agrícola a 1,0% da MV, diluídos em 40 litros de água por tonelada de forragem. As variáveis analisadas foram: matéria mineral, proteína bruta, digestibilidade da matéria seca e orgânica, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido. Para as variáveis de valor nutritivo, as silagens tratadas com cal virgem ou calcário apresentaram, no momento da abertura, maior teor de cinzas, menor concentração de componentes fibrosos e maiores coeficientes digestibilidade da matéria seca e orgânica. O teor de proteína bruta encontrado para esses tratamentos está dentro da amplitude preconizada para a forragem fresca. A ensilagem da cana-de-açúcar com L. buchneri ou gesso apresentaram desempenho semelhante ao tratamento controle para as variáveis acima mencionadas. O tratamento com cal virgem ou calcário melhorou o valor nutritivo da silagem de cana-de-açúcar.

10.
Sci. agric ; 66(2)2009.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1496935

ABSTRACT

The use of ensiled sugarcane has been increased lately in Brazil due to the benefits that this technique represents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chemical additives on the nutritive value of sugarcane silages. The trial was carried out in a completely randomized experimental design with four replicates per treatment. The following additives were applied onto the fresh forage before ensiling: L. buchneri, lime or limestone, 1.0 and 1.5% (wet basis) each, and gypsum 1.0% (wet basis), all of them diluted into 40 L of water per ton of fresh weight of forage. The analyzed variables were: ash, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and organic and dry matter digestibility. The addition of lime or limestone before ensiling produced silages with higher nutritive value compared to all other treatments, due to the increase of the ash content and dry matter and organic digestibility, and also by reducing the fiber content. The crude protein content range was similar to the values observed in the fresh forage. The treatments containing L. buchneri or gypsum were ineffective in improving the nutritive value of sugarcane silages and became similar to the control silages. Treatment containing lime or limestone improved the nutritive value of the sugarcane silage.


A utilização da cana-de-açúcar na forma de silagem constitui-se em um tema que vem se destacando nos últimos anos, e que desperta o interesse de produtores e pesquisadores em função dos benefícios que essa técnica representa. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de aditivos químicos no valor nutritivo da silagem de cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi desenvolvido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições por tratamento. Os seguintes aditivos foram utilizados para a confecção das silagens: L. buchneri, cal virgem ou calcário em doses de 1,0 e 1,5% da MV e gesso agrícola a 1,0% da MV, diluídos em 40 litros de água por tonelada de forragem. As variáveis analisadas foram: matéria mineral, proteína bruta, digestibilidade da matéria seca e orgânica, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido. Para as variáveis de valor nutritivo, as silagens tratadas com cal virgem ou calcário apresentaram, no momento da abertura, maior teor de cinzas, menor concentração de componentes fibrosos e maiores coeficientes digestibilidade da matéria seca e orgânica. O teor de proteína bruta encontrado para esses tratamentos está dentro da amplitude preconizada para a forragem fresca. A ensilagem da cana-de-açúcar com L. buchneri ou gesso apresentaram desempenho semelhante ao tratamento controle para as variáveis acima mencionadas. O tratamento com cal virgem ou calcário melhorou o valor nutritivo da silagem de cana-de-açúcar.

11.
Sci. agric. ; 65(6)2008.
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-440292

ABSTRACT

Utilization of sugarcane Saccharum officinarum L. silage is increasing in Brazil but intensive ethanol production during fermentation reduces forage quality. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of additives on fermentation and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages produced in minisilos. Treatments were (fresh basis): untreated silage (control), urea (5.0 g kg-1), sodium benzoate (1.0 g kg-1), potassium sorbate (0.3 g kg-1), Lactobacillus plantarum (1 x 10(6) cfu g-1), and Lactobacillus buchneri (3.64 x 10(5) cfu g-1). At the 94th day after ensilage, ethanol concentration was lower in urea, benzoate, sorbate and L. buchneri supplemented silages and higher in L. plantarum inoculated silage, as compared to control. Urea and benzoate treated silages showed the highest and L. plantarum treated silage the lowest in vitro dry matter digestibility. Effluent production was higher in the urea treated silage. Inoculation with L. buchneri reduced 50% ethanol production as compared to control. Urea and L. buchneri reduced yeast count. Aerobic stability was enhanced by L. buchneri and benzoate. Sodium benzoate and L. buchneri were the most promising additives, improving both silage fermentation and aerobic stability; inoculants containing L. plantarum can be deleterious to fermentation and conservation of sugarcane silages.


A utilização de silagem de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) está aumentando no Brasil, mas a intensa produção de etanol durante a fermentação reduz a qualidade da forragem. Este experimento visou avaliar os efeitos de aditivos na fermentação e estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de cana-de-açúcar produzidas em minisilos. Os tratamentos foram (base matéria verde): silagem sem tratamento (controle), uréia (5,0 g kg-1), benzoato de sódio (1,0 g kg-1), sorbato de potássio (0,3 g kg-1), Lactobacillus plantarum (1 x 10(6) ufc g-1) e Lactobacillus buchneri (3,64 x 10(5) ufc g-1). Aos 94 dias após a ensilagem, a concentração de etanol foi mais baixa nos tratamentos uréia, benzoato, sorbato e L. buchneri e mais alta para L. plantarum, em relação ao controle. As silagens dos tratamentos com uréia e benzoato tiveram as mais altas, e o tratamento com L. plantarum a mais baixa digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca. A produção de efluentes foi mais alta no tratamento com uréia. A inoculação com L. buchneri reduziu em 50% o etanol na silagem em relação ao controle. Uréia e L. buchneri reduziram a contagem de leveduras. L. buchneri e benzoato aumentaram a estabilidade aeróbia. O benzoato de sódio e L. buchneri foram os aditivos mais promissores, melhorando a fermentação e a estabilidade aeróbia nas silagens; inoculantes contendo L. plantarum podem ser prejudiciais à fermentação e conservação de silagens de cana-de-açúcar.

12.
Sci. agric ; 65(6)2008.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1496897

ABSTRACT

Utilization of sugarcane Saccharum officinarum L. silage is increasing in Brazil but intensive ethanol production during fermentation reduces forage quality. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of additives on fermentation and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages produced in minisilos. Treatments were (fresh basis): untreated silage (control), urea (5.0 g kg-1), sodium benzoate (1.0 g kg-1), potassium sorbate (0.3 g kg-1), Lactobacillus plantarum (1 x 10(6) cfu g-1), and Lactobacillus buchneri (3.64 x 10(5) cfu g-1). At the 94th day after ensilage, ethanol concentration was lower in urea, benzoate, sorbate and L. buchneri supplemented silages and higher in L. plantarum inoculated silage, as compared to control. Urea and benzoate treated silages showed the highest and L. plantarum treated silage the lowest in vitro dry matter digestibility. Effluent production was higher in the urea treated silage. Inoculation with L. buchneri reduced 50% ethanol production as compared to control. Urea and L. buchneri reduced yeast count. Aerobic stability was enhanced by L. buchneri and benzoate. Sodium benzoate and L. buchneri were the most promising additives, improving both silage fermentation and aerobic stability; inoculants containing L. plantarum can be deleterious to fermentation and conservation of sugarcane silages.


A utilização de silagem de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) está aumentando no Brasil, mas a intensa produção de etanol durante a fermentação reduz a qualidade da forragem. Este experimento visou avaliar os efeitos de aditivos na fermentação e estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de cana-de-açúcar produzidas em minisilos. Os tratamentos foram (base matéria verde): silagem sem tratamento (controle), uréia (5,0 g kg-1), benzoato de sódio (1,0 g kg-1), sorbato de potássio (0,3 g kg-1), Lactobacillus plantarum (1 x 10(6) ufc g-1) e Lactobacillus buchneri (3,64 x 10(5) ufc g-1). Aos 94 dias após a ensilagem, a concentração de etanol foi mais baixa nos tratamentos uréia, benzoato, sorbato e L. buchneri e mais alta para L. plantarum, em relação ao controle. As silagens dos tratamentos com uréia e benzoato tiveram as mais altas, e o tratamento com L. plantarum a mais baixa digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca. A produção de efluentes foi mais alta no tratamento com uréia. A inoculação com L. buchneri reduziu em 50% o etanol na silagem em relação ao controle. Uréia e L. buchneri reduziram a contagem de leveduras. L. buchneri e benzoato aumentaram a estabilidade aeróbia. O benzoato de sódio e L. buchneri foram os aditivos mais promissores, melhorando a fermentação e a estabilidade aeróbia nas silagens; inoculantes contendo L. plantarum podem ser prejudiciais à fermentação e conservação de silagens de cana-de-açúcar.

13.
Acta sci., Anim. sci ; 28(4): 393-400, 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1459030

ABSTRACT

The objective was to study the e ffect of particle size, dry matter content and the addition of bacterial inoculant to the ensiling of Tanzania grass ( Panicum maximum, Jacq. cv. Tanzânia) on the physical characteristics and losses occurred during silo unloading. Dry matter intake, live we ight gain and feed conversion of beef heifers fed TMR containing grass silage were measured. The small particle size in the forage did not increase either wet or DM silages bulk densities, did not reduce the porosity and did not change the unloading losses. The forage wilting was not enough to reduce the DM density due to the compensatory effect established by the higher DM content, which presented the highest losses. No significant differences were observed for treatments on animal DM intake (2.4%BW), body weight gain (1.03 kg animal-1 day-1) and feed conversion (7.91 kg MS kg-1 BWG). Treatments in the ensiling of Tanzania grass did not prevent unloading losses and did not improve animal performance.


O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tamanho de partícula, do teor de MS e do uso de inoculante bacteriano sobre as propriedades físicas e perdas por deterioração da silagem de capim Tanzânia. Também foram avaliados a ingestão de MS (IMS), o ganho de peso vivo (GPV) e a conversão alimentar (CA) de novilhas alimentadas com rações completas contendo essa silagem. A redução no tamanho da partícula não aumentou as densidades de matéria seca (DMS) e de massa verde (DMV), não reduziu a porosidade e nem as perdas durante a ensilagem. O emurchecimento não reduziu a DMS devido ao maior teor de MS, ocasionando maiores perdas. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre a IMS (2,36% PV), o GPV (1,03 kg animal-1 dia-1) e a CA (7,91 kg MS kg-1 GPV). Os procedimentos adotados na ensilagem de capim Tanzânia não foram eficientes em evitar perdas e não provocaram melhoria no desempenho dos animais.

14.
Acta Sci. Anim. Sci. ; 28(4): 393-400, 2006.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-725274

ABSTRACT

The objective was to study the e ffect of particle size, dry matter content and the addition of bacterial inoculant to the ensiling of Tanzania grass ( Panicum maximum, Jacq. cv. Tanzânia) on the physical characteristics and losses occurred during silo unloading. Dry matter intake, live we ight gain and feed conversion of beef heifers fed TMR containing grass silage were measured. The small particle size in the forage did not increase either wet or DM silages bulk densities, did not reduce the porosity and did not change the unloading losses. The forage wilting was not enough to reduce the DM density due to the compensatory effect established by the higher DM content, which presented the highest losses. No significant differences were observed for treatments on animal DM intake (2.4%BW), body weight gain (1.03 kg animal-1 day-1) and feed conversion (7.91 kg MS kg-1 BWG). Treatments in the ensiling of Tanzania grass did not prevent unloading losses and did not improve animal performance.


O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tamanho de partícula, do teor de MS e do uso de inoculante bacteriano sobre as propriedades físicas e perdas por deterioração da silagem de capim Tanzânia. Também foram avaliados a ingestão de MS (IMS), o ganho de peso vivo (GPV) e a conversão alimentar (CA) de novilhas alimentadas com rações completas contendo essa silagem. A redução no tamanho da partícula não aumentou as densidades de matéria seca (DMS) e de massa verde (DMV), não reduziu a porosidade e nem as perdas durante a ensilagem. O emurchecimento não reduziu a DMS devido ao maior teor de MS, ocasionando maiores perdas. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre a IMS (2,36% PV), o GPV (1,03 kg animal-1 dia-1) e a CA (7,91 kg MS kg-1 GPV). Os procedimentos adotados na ensilagem de capim Tanzânia não foram eficientes em evitar perdas e não provocaram melhoria no desempenho dos animais.

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