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1.
Sci Total Environ ; 844: 157117, 2022 Oct 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35787899

ABSTRACT

Water is a crucial resource to produce dairy milk and studies are required to identify opportunities for improvements in water management. This study evaluates the water productivity of milk (WPMilk) produced on 67 farms located in southern Brazil and the influence of dairy cattle production systems (pasture-based, 57 farms; semi-confined, 7 farms; confinement, 3 farms) on water productivity. Indirect and direct water flows were taken into account and the dairy milk was the output. Pasture yield was estimated based on a weighted average. Indirect water represented >98 % of water consumption for milk production on farms assessed. In the pasture-based system, the WPMilk ranged from 0.27 to 1.46 kg FPCM (Fat Protein Corrected Milk) m-3 of water; in the semi-confined system it ranged from 0.59 to 1.1 kg FPCM m-3; in the confined system, it ranged from 0.89 to 1.09 kg FPCM m-3. Results show that 20 farms in the pasture-based system presented higher WPMilk than the maximum WPMilk of farms in the semi-confined system. Comparing outcomes of farms in the confined system with pasture-based system, similar results were observed with higher WPMilk on 22 farms in the pasture-based system. Results indicate that, regardless of the type of production system, water productivity is influenced by the dairy productivity indicators of the farm, such as milk yield and feed components. The large variability in the WPMilk was expected and reflects the inherent attributes and conditions affecting this indicator, which underlines the importance of assessing it on a farm scale. Consequently, achieving high dairy productivity indicators should be encouraged in the pasture-based system due to the environmental, economic and social advantages for the farmer. Results advance the knowledge about water flows and WPMilk in different dairy cattle production systems besides defining the first benchmarks for WPMilk produced on farms in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Dairying , Milk , Animals , Brazil , Cattle , Dairying/methods , Farms , Milk/metabolism , Water/metabolism
2.
Sci Total Environ ; 651(Pt 1): 298-308, 2019 Feb 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30240914

ABSTRACT

In this study, total coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli, enterovirus (EV), rotavirus (RV), and human mastadenovirus species C and F (HAdV-C and HAdV-F) were evaluated in water samples from Belo Stream. For HAdV-C and F, the infectivity was assessed by integrated cell culture quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (ICC-qPCR). Samples were collected monthly (May/2015 to April/2016) at four sites. Viral analyses were performed for both ultracentrifuge-concentrated and unconcentrated samples. For site P4 (used for recreational purposes), QMRA was applied to estimate health risks associated with exposure to E. coli and HAdV-C and F. TC and E. coli were present throughout the collection period. EV and RV were not detected. HAdV-C were present in 8.51% (1.89E + 06 to 2.28E + 07 GC (Genomic Copies)/L) and 21.27% (2.36E + 05 to 1.29E + 07 GC/L) for unconcentrated and concentrated samples, respectively. For HAdV-F were 12.76% (2.77E + 07 to 3.31E + 08 GC/L) and 48.93% (1.10E + 05 to 4.50E + 08 GC/L) for unconcentrated and concentrated samples, respectively. For unconcentrated samples, infectivity for HAdV-C was detected in 37.20% (1st ICC-qPCR) and 25.58% (2nd ICC-qPCR). For HAdV-F, infectivity was detected in 6.97% (1st ICC-qPCR) and 6.97% (2nd ICC-qPCR). For concentrated samples, HAdV-C infectious was observed in 17.02% (1st ICC-qPCR) and in 8.51% (2nd ICC-qPCR). For HAdV-F, were present in 8.51% for both 1st and 2nd ICC-qPCR. Statistical analyzes showed significant difference between the collection sites when analyzed the molecular data of HAdV-F, data of TC and E. coli. Correlation tests showed direct correlation between HAdV-F with E. coli and TC. E. coli concentrations translated to the lowest estimates of infection risks (8.58E-05 to 2.17E-03). HAdV-F concentrations were associated with the highest infection risks at 9.99E-01 and for group C, 1.29E-01 to 9.99E-01. These results show that commonly used bacterial indicators for water quality may not infer health risks associated with viruses in recreational freshwaters.


Subject(s)
Risk Assessment , Rivers/microbiology , Water Quality , Adenoviruses, Human/isolation & purification , Brazil , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Enterovirus/isolation & purification , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Recreation , Rivers/virology , Rotavirus/isolation & purification
3.
Cien Saude Colet ; 23(11): 3683-3694, 2018 Nov.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30427441

ABSTRACT

The use of health indicators is indispensable for understanding the complex relationship between the environmental and health fields. For the proposition of environmental health indicators, the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MH) recommends using a model proposed by the World Health Organization. This model is composed of the following elements: Driving Force, Pressure, State, Exposure, Effect, and Action; it is called the DPSEEA model. The objective of this study is to propose the application of this model in healthcare waste (HCW) management. This study was performed by documentary research using two data sources: a) technical reports on research on HCW from the last 15 years (outpatient, dental, hospital, veterinary, university, and primary care unit) at the University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil; and b) the MH manual entitled "Environmental Health: Basic Guide for the Construction of Indicators". The results show that the model is relevant because it makes it possible to analyse a particular context, proposing indicators and defining specific actions for the case of this study, to monitor and improve methods of managing HCW. The results also show that the proposed model is an important analytical tool for both medical waste management and planning actions that will minimize risks, particularly chemical and biological, resulting in environmental health and protection.


Para compreender a complexa relação entre o campo ambiental e o da saúde é indispensável o uso de indicadores. Para propor os de Saúde Ambiental, o Ministério da Saúde recomenda um Modelo proposto pela OMS. Este, denominado Modelo FPSEEA, é composto pelos elementos: Força Motriz, Pressão, Situação, Exposição, Efeito, Ações. O objetivo deste artigo é propor a aplicação deste Modelo no Gerenciamento dos Resíduos de Serviço de Saúde (RSS). Trata-se de pesquisa documental utilizando duas fontes de dados: a) relatórios técnicos de pesquisas sobre RSS dos últimos 15 anos (ambulatorial, odontológico, hospitalar, veterinário, universitário e de UBS) na Universidade de Caxias do Sul; b) Manual do MS "Saúde Ambiental: guia básico para construção de indicadores". Os resultados evidenciam que o Modelo é relevante por permitir analisar determinado contexto, propor indicadores e definir ações específicas para, no caso deste estudo, monitorar e aprimorar formas de manejo dos RSS. Evidenciam, ainda, que o modelo proposto constitui uma importante ferramenta de análise, tanto na MWM, como no planejamento de ações que minimizem os riscos, especialmente biológicos e químicos, resultando em saúde e proteção do ambiente.


Subject(s)
Environmental Health , Models, Theoretical , Waste Management/methods , Brazil , Health Status Indicators , Humans , World Health Organization
4.
J Water Health ; 16(1): 102-111, 2018 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29424724

ABSTRACT

Adenoviruses (AdV) are related to respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in animals and human beings. Their wide genetic diversity in water bodies and their resistance to environmental conditions allow the use of AdV as a reliable marker for detection of fecal contamination. In this work, the diversity of AdV along Belo Stream - in the city of Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil - was evaluated. Samples were compared in both concentrated and unconcentrated forms. The identification of different AdV species was performed by amplifying a partial sequence of the DNA polymerase gene. AdV was detected in 24 out of 55 concentrated samples (43.6%) and the following species were identified: human adenovirus (HAdV) species C (4/55; 7.2%), D (6/55; 10.9%), E (2/55; 3.6%), and F (9/55; 16.3%). AdV related to other mammalian hosts, such as bovine adenovirus (1/55, 1.8%) and murine adenovirus (2/55, 3.6%), have also been identified; 23.6% (13/55) of the unconcentrated samples were positive, and identified as HAdV species C (6/55, 10.9%), D (1/55, 1.8%), and F (6/55, 10.9%). Results obtained evidenced the presence and the great diversity of AdV, mainly of human origin, circulating in Belo Stream. As expected, the concentration step performed helped to detect AdV in more samples.


Subject(s)
Adenoviridae/genetics , Adenoviridae/isolation & purification , DNA, Viral/genetics , DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Genetic Variation , Rivers , Water Microbiology , Animals , Brazil , Humans , Polymerase Chain Reaction
5.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(11): 3683-3694, Oct. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-974738

ABSTRACT

Resumo Para compreender a complexa relação entre o campo ambiental e o da saúde é indispensável o uso de indicadores. Para propor os de Saúde Ambiental, o Ministério da Saúde recomenda um Modelo proposto pela OMS. Este, denominado Modelo FPSEEA, é composto pelos elementos: Força Motriz, Pressão, Situação, Exposição, Efeito, Ações. O objetivo deste artigo é propor a aplicação deste Modelo no Gerenciamento dos Resíduos de Serviço de Saúde (RSS). Trata-se de pesquisa documental utilizando duas fontes de dados: a) relatórios técnicos de pesquisas sobre RSS dos últimos 15 anos (ambulatorial, odontológico, hospitalar, veterinário, universitário e de UBS) na Universidade de Caxias do Sul; b) Manual do MS "Saúde Ambiental: guia básico para construção de indicadores". Os resultados evidenciam que o Modelo é relevante por permitir analisar determinado contexto, propor indicadores e definir ações específicas para, no caso deste estudo, monitorar e aprimorar formas de manejo dos RSS. Evidenciam, ainda, que o modelo proposto constitui uma importante ferramenta de análise, tanto na MWM, como no planejamento de ações que minimizem os riscos, especialmente biológicos e químicos, resultando em saúde e proteção do ambiente.


Abstract The use of health indicators is indispensable for understanding the complex relationship between the environmental and health fields. For the proposition of environmental health indicators, the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MH) recommends using a model proposed by the World Health Organization. This model is composed of the following elements: Driving Force, Pressure, State, Exposure, Effect, and Action; it is called the DPSEEA model. The objective of this study is to propose the application of this model in healthcare waste (HCW) management. This study was performed by documentary research using two data sources: a) technical reports on research on HCW from the last 15 years (outpatient, dental, hospital, veterinary, university, and primary care unit) at the University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil; and b) the MH manual entitled "Environmental Health: Basic Guide for the Construction of Indicators". The results show that the model is relevant because it makes it possible to analyse a particular context, proposing indicators and defining specific actions for the case of this study, to monitor and improve methods of managing HCW. The results also show that the proposed model is an important analytical tool for both medical waste management and planning actions that will minimize risks, particularly chemical and biological, resulting in environmental health and protection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Environmental Health , Waste Management/methods , Models, Theoretical , World Health Organization , Brazil , Health Status Indicators
6.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 22(4): 625-635, jul.-ago. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-891555

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Resíduo de equipamento eletroeletrônico (REEE) é um termo utilizado para abranger diversos equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos que não possuem mais valor para seus proprietários. Este trabalho propôs avaliar a geração de REEEs em uma instituição de ensino superior particular localizada no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para este trabalho foram utilizados dados de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos (EEEs) disponíveis no sistema de informações da universidade, o qual totalizava 51.066 itens, englobando aproximadamente 17 anos de dados. Verificou-se que o principal REEE gerado pela instituição são equipamentos de informática e telecomunicações (48,2%), seguido pelos grandes eletrodomésticos (14,4%), instrumentos de monitoramento (13,3%), ferramentas elétricas e eletrônicas (10,9%) e equipamentos de consumo (9,8%). Foram contabilizados 414 diferentes tipos de EEEs na instituição; porém, observa-se que, com exceção dos instrumentos de monitoramento, os 2 principais EEEs de cada categoria contabilizam sozinhos mais de 50% de suas respectivas categorias. Identificou-se que a maior parte dos REEEs (29,3%) da instituição são gerados no bloco administrativo da universidade, seguido pelas salas de informática (17,3%). Esses dois setores se caracterizam por utilizarem EEEs de rápida obsolescência, enquanto áreas como as Ciências Biológicas e, parcialmente, as Ciências Exatas, devido ao elevado número de equipamentos analíticos utilizados, possuem EEEs com um ciclo de vida maior, reduzindo assim a geração desses resíduos. Todas essas características resultam em uma grande complexidade na gestão de REEEs em unidades de ensino superior, em especial devido à grande variedade encontrada, sendo muitos deles de difícil reciclagem.


ABSTRACT Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is an expression used to refer to several pieces of equipment that are no longer valuable for their owners. This study evaluated the WEEE generation in a private higher education institution, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In this study, we used data from electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) available in the university information system, which amounted 51.066 items during 17 years. The main WEEE generated by the institution was Information technology (IT) and telecommunications equipment (48.2%), followed by large household appliances (14.4%), monitoring and control instruments (13.3%), electrical and electronic tools (10.9%) and consumer equipment (9.8%). Over 414 EEE classes were identified in the institution, although, except for monitoring and control instruments, the 2 main EEEs in each class correspond to at least 50% of its categories. In addition, it was noticed that the majority of WEEE was generated by the university administration (29.3%), followed by the computer classrooms (17.3%). These two areas feature low life EEEs, while other areas like Biology and Exact Sciences, due to the high number of analytics equipment used, have EEEs with longer life cycle, resulting in smaller waste generation. All these characteristics result in a great complexity in WEEE management in higher education institutions, mostly due to the considerable diversity, increasing the recycling complexity.

7.
Rev. enferm. UFPE on line ; 11(1): 94-101, jan.2017.
Article in Portuguese | BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1031850

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção dos profissionais da equipe multiprofissional em relação ao contato pele apele precoce da mãe com o bebê no momento do nascimento. Método: estudo exploratório e descritivo, comabordagem qualitativa. Participaram 15 profissionais da equipe multiprofissional do centro obstétrico de umhospital público, do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. Utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada com cincoquestões norteadoras e a análise utilizada foi uma das técnicas de Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade AnáliseTemática. Resultados: da análise das informações emergiram cinco categorias temáticas. O contato pele apele na sala de parto constitui uma prática de cuidado humanizado com forte evidencia para a formação devínculo mãe/bebê. Conclusão: essa prática requer mudança de paradigmas no cuidado materno e neonatal. Omodelo de parto e nascimento vigente, constitui um importante balizador nas inconformidades desseprocesso.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Perinatal Care , Obstetric Nursing , Health Personnel , Mother-Child Relations , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Humanizing Delivery
8.
Environ Monit Assess ; 188(11): 617, 2016 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27738896

ABSTRACT

Pig farming is one of the human activities carried out to meet the increasing food demand by the increasing population. South Brazil is the region with most intensive pig farming in the country, exerting pressure on the water and soil environments by the relevant pollutant emissions. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to assess pig farming pollution by monitoring superficial water qualities of the Taquari-Antas Watershed in South Brazil. The study area is about 8062 km2 (south latitude 292,614, 282,624 and west longitude 520,802, 504,554). In 2014, there were 861 pig farmers and 739,858 animals were slaughtered. Samples were collected bimonthly from 13 spots during 2 years of monitoring. The main analysis included the determination of the water quality index (WQI)-a nine physicochemical and microbiological parameter index-and the trophic state index (TSI), which gives a trophic degree based on phosphorous and chlorophyll-α concentration to assess the impacts of the pig farming on superficial water of the region. The results suggest that the regions with high concentration of finishing stage farms present a higher risk to water quality. A distance of 4 km between different spots was enough to detect a significant decrease in the WQI. The WQI was found ranging from "regular" to "good" (62.77 and 78.95). The TSI were found to be mesotrophic at every spot during the entire period of the study.


Subject(s)
Animal Husbandry , Rivers/chemistry , Water Quality , Animals , Brazil , Environmental Monitoring , Sus scrofa
9.
Rev. latinoam. enferm ; 22(6): 942-949, 16/12/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-732935

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the heterogeneity of biomedical waste (BW) using Nightingale charts. METHOD: cross-sectional study consisting of data collection on wastes (direct observation of receptacles, physical characterisation, and gravimetric composition), development of a Management Information System, and creation of statistical charts. RESULTS: the wastes with the greatest degree of heterogeneity are, in order, recyclable, infectious, and organic wastes; chemical waste had the most efficient segregation; Nightingale charts are useful for quick visualisation and systematisation of information on heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: the development of a management information system and the use of Nightingale charts allows for the identification and correction of errors in waste segregation, which increase health risks and contamination by infectious and chemical wastes and reduce the sale and profit from recyclables. .


OBJETIVO: avaliar a heterogeneidade dos Resíduos de Serviço de Saúde por meio da aplicação de gráficos nightingaleanos. MÉTODO: estudo transversal, que consiste na coleta de dados sobre resíduos (observação direta dos locais de armazenamento, caracterização física e composição gravimétrica), desenvolvimento de um Sistema de Informação Gerencial e construção de gráficos estatísticos. RESULTADOS: os resíduos que apresentam maior grau de heterogeneidade são os recicláveis, infectantes e orgânicos, respectivamente; o resíduo químico atingiu maior eficiência na segregação; os gráficos nightingaleanos são úteis na visualização rápida e na sistematização das informações sobre a heterogeneidade. CONCLUSÃO: o desenvolvimento de um sistema de informação gerencial e a utilização dos gráficos nigthingaleanos permite identificar e corrigir erros na segregação dos resíduos que impactam tanto no aumento de riscos à saúde e de contaminação por resíduos infectantes e químicos como na redução da comercialização e receita com os recicláveis. .


OBJETIVO: evaluar la heterogeneidad de los residuos sanitarios (RS) usando gráficos Nightingale. MÉTODO: estudio transversal que consiste en la recopilación de datos sobre los residuos (observación directa de los recipientes, caracterización física y composición gravimétrica), desarrollo de un Sistema de Información para la Gestión y creación de gráficos estadísticos. RESULTADOS: los residuos con el mayor grado de heterogeneidad son los reciclables, infecciosos, y los residuos orgánicos, respectivamente; la segregación de los residuos químicos fue la más eficiente; los gráficos Nightingale son útiles para la visualización rápida y sistematización de la información sobre la heterogeneidad. CONCLUSIÓN: el desarrollo de un sistema de información para la gestión y el uso de gráficos Nightingale permiten la identificación y corrección de errores en la separación de los residuos; dichos errores aumentan los riesgos de salud y la contaminación por residuos infecciosos y químicos, y reducen la venta y beneficio obtenible de los materiales reciclables. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Glycerides/poisoning , Medication Errors , Solvents/poisoning , Caprylates , Embolism, Fat/chemically induced , Glycerides/administration & dosage , Glycerides/analysis , Infusions, Intravenous , Lung/analysis , Lung/pathology , Pulmonary Embolism/chemically induced , Solvents/administration & dosage , Solvents/analysis
10.
Cogitare Enferm ; 19(4): 815-822, out.-dez. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-748076

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura que objetivou identificar os cuidados de enfermagem prestados às mulheres com diabetes melito gestacional durante a atenção pré-natal, evidenciados na literatura científica, entre os anos de 2004 e 2013. A coleta de dados foi realizada nas bases de dados LILACS e BDENF, utilizando os descritores "diabetes gestacional", "cuidado pré-natal" e "enfermagem". Foram selecionadas sete publicações. Evidenciou-se a existência de lacunas na atenção prestada às mulheres com diabetes gestacional e a importância do papel desempenhando pelo enfermeiro no contexto de cuidado da gestante, favorecendo a prática do autocuidado. O número restrito de publicações sobre a temática indica a necessidade de investimento em produções voltadas para esse segmento populacional.


This integrative literature review aims to identify the nursing care provided to women with gestational diabetes mellitus during the prenatal care, evidenced in the scientific literature, between 2004 and 2013. Data collection was undertaken in the LILACS AND BDENF databases, using the descriptors "gestational diabetes", "prenatal care", and "nursing". Seven publications were selected. Evidence was found for the existence of gaps in the care given to women with gestational diabetes, and the importance of the role performed by the nurse in the context of care for the pregnant woman, promoting the practice of self-care. The restricted number of publications on this issue points to the need for investment in production focusing on this population segment.


Es una revisión integrativa de la literatura cuya finalidad fue identificar los cuidados de enfermería prestados a las mujeres con diabetes melito gestacional durante la atención prenatal, evidenciados en la literatura científica, entre los años de 2004 y 2013. Los datos fueron obtenidos en las bases LILACS y BDENF, utilizando los descriptores "diabetes gestacional", "cuidado prenatal" y "enfermería". Fueron seleccionadas siete publicaciones. Se evidenció la existencia de huecos en la atención prestada a las mujeres con diabetes gestacional y la importancia del papel desempeñado por el enfermero en el contexto de cuidado de la gestante, favoreciendo la práctica del autocuidado. El número restricto de publicaciones sobre la temática apunta la necesidad de inversiones en producciones referentes a ese segmento de población.


Subject(s)
Humans , Prenatal Care , Nursing , Diabetes, Gestational , Pregnancy, High-Risk
11.
Rev Lat Am Enfermagem ; 22(6): 942-9, 2014.
Article in English, Portuguese, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25591088

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the heterogeneity of biomedical waste (BW) using Nightingale charts. METHOD: cross-sectional study consisting of data collection on wastes (direct observation of receptacles, physical characterisation, and gravimetric composition), development of a Management Information System, and creation of statistical charts. RESULTS: the wastes with the greatest degree of heterogeneity are, in order, recyclable, infectious, and organic wastes; chemical waste had the most efficient segregation; Nightingale charts are useful for quick visualisation and systematisation of information on heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: the development of a management information system and the use of Nightingale charts allows for the identification and correction of errors in waste segregation, which increase health risks and contamination by infectious and chemical wastes and reduce the sale and profit from recyclables.


Subject(s)
Medical Waste/classification , Medical Waste/statistics & numerical data , Waste Management/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitals , Information Systems , Waste Management/statistics & numerical data
12.
Saúde Soc ; 17(2): 220-228, abr.-jun. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-486339

ABSTRACT

Esta pesquisa foi uma intervenção com grupos de sujeitos soropositivos, realizada na cidade de São Leopoldo/RS, município da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre que apresenta a terceira prevalência de Hiv/Aids no Estado. O objetivo da pesquisa foi organizar oficinas de contadores de histórias e motivar os participantes a atuar como multiplicadores. A oficina de que trata este artigo foi realizada na ONG Apoio, Solidariedade e Prevenção à Aids (ASPA), desenvolvida em cinco encontros, nos quais os sujeitos contaram as histórias de vida e inventaram um ritual ancorado na religiosidade popular. O grupo era composto por oito usuários e dois trabalhadores voluntários, todos soropositivos; com predomínio de mulheres de baixa renda e chefes de família. Foi utilizado o referencial das práticas discursivas para analisar o material produzido na oficina. No percurso do trabalho emergiram dois temas principais: o preconceito a que estão submetidos os sujeitos soropositivos e a religiosidade como estratégia de resistência usada pela população na luta contra a Aids. Enfatiza-se a importância de atividades como a de contar histórias na promoção da saúde da população.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , HIV , Health Education , Narration , Health Promotion , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Brazil
13.
São Paulo; CLR Balieiro Editores; 2001. 173 p.
Monography in Portuguese | Sec. Munic. Saúde SP, HSPM-Acervo | ID: sms-2641

ABSTRACT

A saúde do homem e dos ecossistemas está na dependência dos valores econômicos, sociais e ambientais. Tratar a saúde de forma integrada com os fatores ambientais e as questões econômicas traduz-se na busca da qualidade da saúde ambiental, a qual, necessariamente, está ligada ao desenvolvimento de processos ecologicamente sustentáveis. O gerenciamento dos resíduos gerados pela sociedade moderna é uma necessidade que se apresenta como incontestável e requer não apenas a organização e a sistematização das fontes geradoras, mas fundamentalmente o despertar de uma consciência coletiva quanto às responsabilidades individuais no trato com esta questão


Subject(s)
Solid Waste , Medical Waste , Toxic Wastes , Hazardous Waste Disposal
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