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1.
Vaccine ; 30(39): 5714-20, 2012 Aug 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22819720

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: We estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) to prevent laboratory-confirmed influenza-related hospitalizations in patients 18 years old or older during the 2010-2011 influenza season. METHODS: We conducted a prospective case-control study in five hospitals, in Valencia, Spain. Study subjects were consecutive emergency hospitalizations for predefined conditions associated with an influenza-like illness episode <8 days before admission. Patients were considered immunized if vaccinated ≥14 days before influenza-like illness onset. Cases were those with a real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive for influenza and controls were RT-PCR positive for other respiratory viruses. Adjusted IVE was estimated as 100×(1-adjusted odds ratio). To account for indication bias we computed adjusted IVE for respiratory syncytial virus related hospitalizations. RESULTS: Of 826 eligible hospitalized patients, 102 (12%) were influenza positive and considered cases, and 116 (14%) were positive for other respiratory viruses and considered controls. Adjusted IVE was 54% (95% confidence interval, 11-76%). By subgroup, adjusted IVE was 53% (4-77%) for those with high-risk conditions, 59% (16-79%) for those ≥60 years of age, and, 54% (4-79%) for those ≥60 years of age with high-risk conditions. No influenza vaccine effect was observed against respiratory syncytial virus related hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Influenza vaccination was associated with a significant reduction on the risk of confirmed influenza hospitalization, irrespective of age and high-risk conditions.


Subject(s)
Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Influenza Vaccines , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult
3.
Aten Primaria ; 36(7): 390-6, 2005 Oct 31.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16266655

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Flu vaccination (FV) in elderly patients at risk is linked to a 50%-60% reduction in hospital admissions and up to an 80% drop in deaths from complications arising from the illness. Equally clear benefits have been found for other risk groups, such as patients with chronic cardiovascular or respiratory diseases. The vaccine is cost-effective for both the elderly and other risk groups. Despite this, vaccination rates are low, even among health staff. OBJECTIVES: To update our knowledge of FV by means of a review of the bibliography and to describe a series of interventions that have proved successful in increasing vaccination rates. PROGRAMME: To discover procedures, the following factors were analysed: the environment, patients and health professionals that condition vaccination, the characteristics of the health-care organisation for the vaccination campaign, and the clinical organisation of risk groups required. DISCUSSION: After this analysis, certain communicated strategies that manage to increase vaccination coverage and others that could be introduced into primary care were discussed. We conclude that, given the clinical evidence available and the ease of introducing certain other interventions, improvement of flu vaccination procedures and increased vaccine coverage of patients at risk is not only advisable, but is an ethical imperative. Improvements that are within the possibilities of every primary care clinic could be introduced.


Subject(s)
Immunization Programs/organization & administration , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Spain
4.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 36(7): 390-396, oct. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-042207

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La vacunación antigripal (VAG) en ancianos de riesgo se asocia con una reducción del 50-60% de las hospitalizaciones y hasta el 80% de los fallecimientos derivados de las complicaciones de la enfermedad. Se han descrito igualmente claros beneficios para otros grupos de riesgo, como los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas cardiovasculares o respiratorias. La vacuna tiene una buena relación coste-beneficio, tanto en ancianos como en otros grupos de riesgo. Pese a ello, se observan bajas tasas de vacunación, incluso entre el propio personal sanitario. Objetivos. Actualizar los conocimientos sobre la VAG mediante una revisión de la bibliografía y describir una serie de intervenciones que han sido ensayadas con éxito para aumentar las tasas de esta vacunación. Programa. Para conocer el proceso se analizan los factores del entorno, de los pacientes y de los profesionales sanitarios que condicionan la vacunación, las características de la organización asistencial que disponemos para la campaña vacunal, y la necesaria organización clínica sobre los grupos de riesgo. Discusión. Tras este análisis es posible la discusión de algunas estrategias comunicadas que han conseguido incrementar la vacunación, y proponer otras que serían posibles en el ámbito de nuestra atención primaria. Nuestra conclusión es que, dada la evidencia clínica disponible y la alta aplicabilidad en la práctica de algunas intervenciones implementadoras es, además de aconsejable, éticamente exigible abordar la mejora del proceso de vacunación antigripal y el aumento de las coberturas vacunales en pacientes de riesgo, pudiendo introducir mejoras dentro de las posibilidades de cada puesto asistencial de atención primaria


Introduction. Flu vaccination (FV) in elderly patients at risk is linked to a 50%-60% reduction in hospital admissions and up to an 80% drop in deaths from complications arising from the illness. Equally clear benefits have been found for other risk groups, such as patients with chronic cardiovascular or respiratory diseases. The vaccine is cost-effective for both the elderly and other risk groups. Despite this, vaccination rates are low, even among health staff. Objectives. To update our knowledge of FV by means of a review of the bibliography and to describe a series of interventions that have proved successful in increasing vaccination rates. Programme. To discover procedures, the following factors were analysed: the environment, patients and health professionals that condition vaccination, the characteristics of the health-care organisation for the vaccination campaign, and the clinical organisation of risk groups required. Discussion. After this analysis, certain communicated strategies that manage to increase vaccination coverage and others that could be introduced into primary care were discussed. We conclude that, given the clinical evidence available and the ease of introducing certain other interventions, improvement of flu vaccination procedures and increased vaccine coverage of patients at risk is not only advisable, but is an ethical imperative. Improvements that are within the possibilities of every primary care clinic could be introduced


Subject(s)
Aged , Middle Aged , Humans , Immunization Programs/organization & administration , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Spain
5.
Aten Primaria ; 35(4): 178-83, 2005 Mar 15.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15766491

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of older patients (>or= 65 years) with chronic diseases served by the health center studied here who were not vaccinated during the 2001-2002 influenza vaccination campaign, and to find out why they were not vaccinated. DESIGN: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study. SETTING: The urban health center serving Area 19 in the Community of Valencia (eastern Spain). PARTICIPANTS: Of the 29757 inhabitants served by this center (10.4% >or= 65 years), we included 3868 patients registered in chronic disease care programs and 2980 registered in the influenza vaccination program. We found 853 older patients with chronic diseases who were not vaccinated. MAIN MEASURES: Vaccination rate for patients with chronic diseases, for older patients, and for older patients with chronic diseases. Audit of the medical records to identify the reasons why some patients in the latter group were not vaccinated. RESULTS: The vaccination rates were 52.12% (95% CI, 50.4-53.9) for older patients, 26.96% (95% CI, 25.6-28.4) for patients with chronic diseases, and 54.43% (95% CI, 51.4-57.5) for older patients with chronic diseases. Of the 853 older patients with chronic diseases who were not vaccinated, 48.17% came to the center at least once during the vaccination campaign, 27.34% had not come to the center since more than 1 year before the campaign, and the cause for nonvaccination was recorded for only 10.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Coverage for influenza vaccination in older patients with chronic diseases was low. Intervention to increase vaccination rates is possible in groups of patients for whom accessibility is good.


Subject(s)
Influenza Vaccines , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Chronic Disease , Humans , Retrospective Studies
6.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 35(4): 178-183, mar. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-038076

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Determinar la proporción de pacientes ancianos (≥ 65 años) adscritos al centro de salud estudiado, con alguna enfermedad crónica y que no fueron vacunados en la campaña antigripal 2001-2002, y conocer el porqué. Diseño. Observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo. Emplazamiento. Centro de salud urbano del Área 19 de la Comunidad Valenciana. Participantes. De los 29.757 habitantes adscritos (10,4% ancianos), se incluyó a3.868 pacientes registrados en los programas de crónicos y a 2.980 en el de vacunación antigripal (VAG), y se encontró a 853pacientes crónicos ancianos no vacunados. Mediciones principales. Tasa de VAG en crónicos, ancianos y crónicos ancianos. Auditoría de historias clínicas para conocerlas causas de la falta de vacunación en estos últimos. Resultados. La tasa de VAG en los pacientes ancianos fue del 52,12% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 50,4-53,9), en los pacientes crónicos fue del 26,96% (IC del95%, 25,6-28,4) y en los pacientes ancianos crónicos del 54,43% (IC del 95%, 51,4-57,5).De los 853 ancianos crónicos no vacunados, el 48,17% acudió al menos una vez al centro de salud durante la campaña de vacunación. El 27,34% hacía más de 1 año que no acudía al centro de salud y sólo en el 10,4%se había documentado la causa de la falta de vacunación. Conclusiones. La cobertura de VAG en ancianos y crónicos es baja. Es posible intervenir en grupos accesibles de pacientes para incrementar la tasa de vacunación


Objective. To determine the proportion of older patients (≥ 65 years) with chronic diseases served by the health center studied here who were not vaccinated during the2001-2002 influenza vaccination campaign, and to find out why they were not vaccinated. Design. Observational, descriptive, retrospective study. Setting. The urban health center serving Area19 in the Community of Valencia (eastern Spain).Participants. Of the 29 757 inhabitants served by this center (10.4% ≥ 65 years), we included3868 patients registered in chronic disease care programs and 2980 registered in the influenza vaccination program. We found 853older patients with chronic diseases who were not vaccinated. Main measures. Vaccination rate for patients with chronic diseases, for older patients, and for older patients with chronic diseases. Audit of the medical records to identify the reasons why some patients in the latter group were not vaccinated. Results. The vaccination rates were 52.12%(95% CI, 50.4-53.9) for older patients,26.96% (95% CI, 25.6-28.4) for patients with chronic diseases, and 54.43% (95% CI, 51.4-57.5) for older patients with chronic diseases. Of the 853 older patients with chronic diseases who were not vaccinated, 48.17%came to the center at least once during the vaccination campaign, 27.34% had not come to the center since more than 1 year before the campaign, and the cause for non-vaccination was recorded for only 10.4%.Conclusions. Coverage for influenza vaccination in older patients with chronic diseases was low. Intervention to increase vaccination rates is possible in groups of patients for whom accessibility is good


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Vaccination , Chronic Disease
7.
Prev. tab ; 7(1): 11-16, ene.-mar. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-041207

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Conocer las características del paciente fumador que solicitatratamiento en la Unidad, con la finalidad de adaptar las intervencionesy mejorar los resultados.Métodos: Estudio descriptivo sobre una muestra de 251 pacientesque realizaron el cuestionario y la entrevista de evaluación hasta enerode 2003 (15 meses). Se analizan variables sociodemográficas, relacionadascon el hábito de fumar, y otras variables moduladoras.Resultados: El 53,5% son mujeres, la edad media del total de lamuestra es 41,84; el 50,8% han completado estudios primarios; el 74%está casado o en pareja; un 67,5% está activo laboralmente; el 73,2%acuden a tratamiento por decisión personal. El 83,3% se inició en el consumoentre los 13 y los 20 años con una media de 17 años y 24 años fumando,26 cigarrillos/día y 3 intentos previos de abandono. El 47,2%presenta dependencia alta y 56,7% motivación moderada (Test deFagerström y Test de Richmond respectivamente). El 42,1% refieren antecedentesde trastornos depresivos o de ansiedad, el 34,3% han recibidotratamiento psiquiátrico y/o psicológico con anterioridad y un 38,6%están en tratamiento médico en la actualidad.Conclusiones: El perfil de los pacientes atendidos se correspondecon el de un hombre o mujer adulto (alrededor de 40 años), casado, connivel de estudios medio y laboralmente activo, que inició su adicción enla adolescencia, fumador de más de 20 cigarrillos/día y varios intentosde dejar de fumar. Dependencia moderada-alta y relativa motivación paradejar de fumar. Un alto porcentaje presentan antecedentes psicopatológicosde ansiedad o depresión


Methods: A descriptive study based on a sample of 251 patientswho completed the questionnaire and the evaluation interview up toJanuary 2003 (15 months). Sociodemografic and other variables associatedwith the smoking habit are analysed.Results: 53,5% are women; the mean age of the sample is 41,84 years;50,8% had completed primary education; 74% are married or have apartner; 67,5 % are working; 73,2% attend treatment by personal decision;83,3% started the habit between the ages of 13 and 20 years, the mean being17 years; average 24 years smoking; average smoked is 26 cigarrettes/day;average of 3 previous attempts to break the habit. 47,2% exhibit high dependencyand 56,7% moderate motivation (Fagerstrom and Richmond test).42,1% have a history of depression or an anxiety disorder; 34,3%have received previous psychiatric and /or phychological treatment and38,6% are presently under medical attention.Conclusions: The profile of patients is that of: an adult man or womanbetween the age of 40 years, married, with an intermediate level ofeducation and currently at work. Addiction began in adolescence; smokesmore than 20 cigarettes/day and has made various attemps to break thehabit.Moderate to high dependency and relatively well motivated to stopsmoking. A high percentage exhibit prior psychopatological problemsof anxiety or depression


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Humans , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Outpatients/statistics & numerical data , Triage , Cross-Sectional Studies , Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy , Tobacco Use Cessation/statistics & numerical data
9.
Aten Primaria ; 34(7): 336-42, 2004 Oct 31.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15511353

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To identify the characteristics of physicians and the patients on their list related with rates of influenza vaccination in older people, and to quantify influenza vaccination coverage in this population group. DESIGN: Observational, cross-sectional, multicenter population-based study with primary data. PARTICIPANTS: All health centers in the health care area that used computerized registries of influenza vaccinations. Vaccination records were analyzed for 73 physicians who had been at their present post for at least 2 years prior to the study, and for 19 457 older people who were vaccinated during the 2001-2002 vaccination campaign. SETTING: Primary health care area number 19. MAIN MEASURES: Physician's age and sex, whether the physician was certified as a specialist in family and community medicine, teaching accreditation, permanent or temporary post, length of time in present post, years of professional practice, type of health center administration, total number of patients in the physician's list, population and percentage of the population >65 years old in the physician's list, influenza vaccination rate referred to the total number of patients on the physician's list. The criterion evaluated was the influenza vaccination rate in older people. Descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis were used. A P value < .05 was considered statistically significant, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: The overall influenza vaccination rate in older people (>65 years) was 50.9%, with considerable variability between physicians (from 18% to 77%). Vaccination rates were lowest in physicians who had been in their current post for longer (P=.001), with larger patient lists (P=.03), with more older people in their list (P=.000), and with larger proportions of older people in their list (P=.001). Lower rates of vaccination in older people were also associated with lower proportions of all patients on the list being vaccinated (P=.000). No significant associations were found for any of the other variables. After multivariate analysis only the percentage of older people on the physician's list remained significantly associated with vaccination rate. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccination rates for older people were low and similar to rates reported earlier for this region of Spain. The percentage of older people in the list was the only explanatory variable in the model, and was inversely proportional to vaccination coverage.


Subject(s)
Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Registries , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain
13.
Cuad. gest. prof. aten. prim. (Ed. impr.) ; 9(4): 175-181, oct. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-28474

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. La vacunación antigripal del colectivo sanitario se recomienda para evitar la transmisión a los pacientes, prevenir las repercusiones sociales durante las epidemias y ahorrar en los costes por incapacidad transitoria. Pretendemos evaluar la cobertura antigripal en el personal de atención primaria (AP) en la campaña 2001-2002.Diseño. Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal multicéntrico mediante encuesta anónima autocumplimentada (junio de 2002).Emplazamiento. Los siete centros de salud (CS) de Elche, Santa Pola y Crevillente (Área 19 de AP, Comunidad Valenciana), con un total de 291 profesionales. Participación. Participaron en el estudio 220 personas (75,6 por ciento).Variables. Estado vacunal, edad, sexo, categoría profesional, si trabajó en algún CS durante la campaña y si presentó síntomas gripales. Resultados. Se vacunó un 27,3 por ciento (n = 60), un 35,2 por ciento (n = 31) varones y un 21,5 por ciento (n = 28) mujeres (p = 0,025; odds ratio [OR] = 1,98; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 por ciento, 1,04-3,79).Los médicos y enfermeros se vacunan más: 34,7 por ciento (n = 41) (p = 0,0003; ORAB-CDE = 4,14; IC del 95 por ciento, 1,74-10,17). Entre los fisioterapeutas, trabajadores sociales, técnicos especialistas en radiodiagnóstico, matronas e higienistas dentales hubo un 0 por ciento de vacunados. Los porcentajes de vacunación según la edad fueron los siguientes: 30 años, 17,6 por ciento (n = 3); 30-40 años, 22,2 por ciento (n = 16); 40-50 años, 28,7 por ciento (n = 27), y > 50 años, 32,1 por ciento (n = 9).De los vacunados, el 29,1 por ciento (n = 59) trabajó en un CS durante la campaña, y el 5,9 por ciento (n = 1) no (p = 0,03).El 80,4 por ciento (n = 37) de los que presentaron síntomas gripales posteriormente no estaba vacunado. Conclusiones. Hay más vacunados entre los varones, los sanitarios, los individuos de mayor edad y entre los que trabajaron en algún CS durante la campaña; sin embargo, la vacunación antigripal en este colectivo es baja. Es necesario estudiar el motivo y las estrategias de la vacunación antigripal para incrementarla (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Primary Health Care , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , Influenza Vaccines , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Spain , Cross-Sectional Studies
15.
Cuad. gest. prof. aten. prim. (Ed. impr.) ; 9(3): 157-165, jul. 2003. tab, graf, mapas
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-24949

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Conocer la relación entre las características más importantes del médico de atención primaria y del cupo con el precio medio de la receta y el porcentaje de genéricos prescritos. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional-trasversal en el Área 17 de la Comunidad Valenciana. Se analiza la prescripción de todos los cupos de medicina de familia (MF) (n = 98) y pediatría (n = 34) durante diciembre de 2002, a través de la información del programa de Atención Integral de Prestación Farmacéutica (GAIA). Se analizan las siguientes variables: edad de facultativo, sexo, formación MIR, acreditación para la docencia, tamaño del centro, dispersión, características del cupo, precio medio de receta, porcentaje de genéricos. Se utilizó la prueba de la 2 y se fijó la significación en p 0,05.Resultados: la edad media de los MF fue 47,53 ñ 6,69 años, con un 66,3 por ciento de varones. En los pediatras, de 46,01 ñ 7,16 años con un porcentaje de varones del 44,1 por ciento. El porcentaje de genéricos fue del 3,73 ñ 1,88 por ciento en MF y del 4,46 ñ 4,41 por ciento en pediatría. El precio medio de la receta fue respectivamente de 14,41 ñ 0,98 euros y 8,96 ñ 1,71 euros. Se constata una gran variabilidad entre facultativos. Se obtuvo significación en MF al comparar formación MIR con prescripción de genéricos (p = 0,009) y tamaño del cupo con genéricos (p = 0,005), y también al comparar dispersión del centro con precio medio de la receta, más baratas en los centros rurales (p = 0,001).Conclusiones: Existe una enorme variabilidad en la prescripción de genéricos y el precio medio de la receta, sin que se presente un perfil prescriptor ideal (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Physicians , Primary Health Care , Drug Prescriptions/economics , Drugs, Generic/economics , Spain , Cross-Sectional Studies
16.
Cuad. gest. prof. aten. prim. (Ed. impr.) ; 9(1): 26-33, ene. 2003. ilus, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-22271

ABSTRACT

Estudio de intervención antes-después de la reorganización del circuito de laboratorio. Objetivo: conocer el efecto tras la automatización de la emisión de los resultados desde el laboratorio en el tiempo de espera para su valoración en atención primaria (AP). Objetivo secundario: conocer el impacto de la modificación del circuito de laboratorio en el número de extracciones en los centros de AP, y analizar el efecto sobre los desplazamientos de los pacientes. Resultados: - Sustitución de los diferentes modelos de solicitud por un único modelo para análisis clínicos y microbiología facilitando las tareas burocráticas: los datos del facultativo y del usuario se registran una sola vez. - Este modelo de lectura automática se incorpora a un sistema de gestión de datos que dispone de lector óptico para las peticiones: se agiliza el proceso. - Se posibilita la petición de perfiles, introduciendo criterios para disminuir la variabilidad de las pruebas en un mismo grupo de pacientes. - Sustitución del servicio de mensajería por la Red Arterias para la emisión de los resultados: dichos resultados están en el centro el mismo día en que se realiza la extracción. - Eliminación del límite máximo de extracciones diario en AP: desaparece la demora.- Aumento del número de extracciones en AP al asumir las de atención especializada (AE), los pacientes acuden a su propio centro, más cercano a su domicilio que el laboratorio de AE. Conclusiones: actualmente se valora la analítica 2 días después de su solicitud, anteriormente se tardaba entre 10 y 15 días (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Automation , Primary Health Care , Health Facilities , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/economics , Organization and Administration , Clinical Trial , Spain
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