ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Brazil is the fifth most populous country in the world with widespread regional and social inequalities. Regional disparities in healthcare are unacceptably large, with the remote and poor regions of the north and northeast having reduced life expectancy compared to the south region, where life expectancy approaches that of rich countries. We report our experience of a humanitarian surgery mission to the Amazonas state, in the northwest part of Brazil. METHODS: In August 2014, a team of seven consultant surgeons, and two trainees with the charity 'International Hernia', visited three hospitals in the Amazonas state to provide hernia surgery and training. RESULTS: Eighty-nine hernias were repaired in 74 patients (female = 22, male = 52) with a median age of 44 years (range 2-83 years). Nine patients underwent more than one type of hernia repair, and there were 9 laparoscopic inguinal and ventral incisional hernia repairs. Local doctors were trained in hernia repair techniques, and an International Hernia Symposium was held at the University of the State of Amazonas, Manaus. CONCLUSION: The humanitarian mission provided hernia surgery to an underserved population in Brazil and training to local doctors, building local sustainability. Continued cooperation between host and international surgeons for future missions to Brazil will ensure continuing surgical training and technical assistance.
Subject(s)
Hernia, Abdominal/surgery , Herniorrhaphy , Medical Missions , Relief Work , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Herniorrhaphy/education , Humans , International Cooperation , Male , Middle Aged , Surgical Mesh , Young AdultABSTRACT
AIM: This was to investigate the prevalence of sleep bruxism in Brazilian schoolchildren. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out examining 652 randomly selected children aged from 7 to 10 years of age from both public and private schools in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Sleep bruxism among children was reported by parents by means of a pretested questionnaire based on the criteria of the American Academy of Sleep Disorders. The Social Vulnerability Index from Municipal database was used to determine social classification of families. A chi-square test was used with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Sleep bruxism was present in 230 children, showing a prevalence of 35.3%. Among the 652 children, 340 (52.0%) were girls and 312 (48.0%) were boys, predominatly of 8-year-olds (84.2%). Sleep bruxism was present in 56.5% of the girls and 43.5% of the boys. The majority of the families were of a low social vulnerability (54.2%), whereas another 45.8% were of a high social vulnerability. More than half of the children without sleep bruxism (55.2%) were of low socio-economic background. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of 35.3% demonstrates the need for further research on this issue.
Subject(s)
Sleep Bruxism/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Marital Status/statistics & numerical data , Population Surveillance , Prevalence , Self Report , Social Class , Surveys and Questionnaires , Vulnerable Populations/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
A farmacocinética do cetoprofeno na forma de cápsula e de soluçöes orais a 2, 3 e 4,5% foi estudada em 12 voluntários normais após a administraçäo oral de 50 mg. Os níveis de cetoprofeno foram determinados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e foram determinados os seguintes parâmetros farmacocinéticos: área sob a curva, meia-vida de eliminaçäo (t 1/2), pico de concentraçäo máxima (C max), tempo para o pico máximo (T max), volume de distribuiçäo (Vd), constante de eliminaçäo (K el) e clearance do organismo (Cl B). Os autores detectaram uma grande variabilidade nestes parâmetros no grupo estudado e salientam a necessidade de estudos mais freqüentes referentes à farmacocinética na populaçäo brasileira, para confirmar ou ampliar as informaçöes obtidas com medicamentos testados em outros países
