ABSTRACT
The objective of the present study is to evaluate, by ultrasonography (US), the prevalence in the quadriceps, patellar, and Achilles tendon involvement of gout compared to that of patients with osteoarthritis and asymptomatic marathon runners. This is a multicenter, multinational, transverse cross-sectional, and comparative study comprising 80 patients with the diagnosis of gout according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, compared with two control groups: 35 patients with generalized osteoarthritis according to the ACR criteria and 35 subjects who were healthy marathon runners. Demographics and clinical characteristics, such as age, gender, comorbidity, disease duration, pain at the enthesis in the knee and ankle, frequency of disease exacerbations, uric acid level more than 7.2 mg at the time of evaluation, and type of treatment, were recorded. All participants were examined by ultrasound at the quadriceps, the patellar at its proximal and distal insertion, and the Achilles tendon to detect intra-tendinous tophus or aggregates according to the OMERACT definitions. Descriptive statistics and differences between groups were analyzed by chi-square test. Sensitivity and specificity by US were calculated. The prevalence of intra-tendinous aggregates and tophi in gout was significant compared with the other groups. Both lesions were the most frequent at the distal patellar insertion, followed by the quadriceps, Achilles, and proximal patellar insertion ones. In patients with osteoarthritis (OA), intra-tendinous hyperechoic aggregates were observed in 20 % of quadriceps tendons and in 11 % of patellar tendons at its proximal insertion, while in the healthy marathon runner group, the Achilles tendon had this kind of lesion in 17 % of the subjects. Neither the OA nor the healthy marathon runners had intra-tendinous tophi. The sensitivity and specificity of US to detect tophi or aggregates were 69.6 and 92 %, respectively, tendon involvement at the lower limbs in gout is very frequent, particularly in the patellar tendon, and US possesses good sensitivity and specificity for detecting intra-tendinous tophi.
Subject(s)
Achilles Tendon/diagnostic imaging , Gout/complications , Patellar Ligament/diagnostic imaging , Tendinopathy/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Comorbidity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , International Cooperation , Male , Middle Aged , Sensitivity and Specificity , Ultrasonography , Uric Acid/bloodABSTRACT
El síndrome de hombro doloroso es una causa frecuente de consulta en la práctica clínica diaria. Su origen puede ser traumático, inflamatorio, degenerativo, infeccioso o tumoral. El abordaje diagnóstico implica un amplio conocimiento de la anatomía regional y la aplicación de maniobras clínicas y técnicas de imagen que conduzcan a un diagnóstico certero para la aplicación de un tratamiento óptimo en cada paciente. En los años recientes, el ultrasonido musculoesquelético ha demostrado ser una herramienta complementaria de altísima utilidad en el examen complementario de los pacientes con hombro doloroso, especialmente en el contexto de la práctica reumatológica. Revisaremos los principales hallazgos patológicos evaluados por esta técnica.
Painful shoulder syndrome is a frequent cause of daily clinical consultation. Its origin can be traumatic, inflammatory, degenerative, infectious or tumor like. The boarding diagnosis implies an ample knowledge of the regional anatomy and the application of clinical and technical maneuvers of image that leads to an accurate diagnosis for the application of an optimal treatment in each patient. In the recent years, the musculoskeletal ultrasound has demonstrated to be a complementary tool of highest utility in the complementary examination of the patients with painful shoulder, especially in the context of the rheumatological practice. We will review the main pathological findings evaluated by this technique.
Subject(s)
Humans , Shoulder Pain/etiology , Shoulder Pain , Shoulder Joint/injuries , Shoulder Joint , Bursitis/complications , Bursitis , Shoulder Pain/pathology , Syndrome , Tendinopathy/complications , TendinopathyABSTRACT
En La Oroya, a 3,850 m.s.n.m; se estudió 100 pacientes residentes en las grandes alturas, con hemorragia digestiva alta. En todos se realizó precozmente una esofagogastroduodenofibroscopía. En ellos predominó el sexo masculino (98 por ciento), el grupo de edad entre los 30 y 39 años (38 por ciento), la hematemesis y melena concomitante (64 por ciento). Después de la hemorragia, la mayoría (72 por ciento) tuvo Hb. encima de 14g por ciento. Los diagnósticos endoscópicos más frecuentes fueron: Ulcera gástrica (33 por ciento), úlcera duodenal (23 por ciento) y gastritis erosiva (23 por ciento). De acuerdo al lugar de procedencia inmediata entre los 3,000 y 3,500 m.s.n.m. fue más frecuente la úlcera duodenal. A partir de los 3,500 m.s.n.m. lo hizo la úlcera gástrica y por encima de los 4,000 m.s.n.m. predominaron aún más los casos de úlcera gástrica, seguidos de los de gastritis erosiva. La situación fue bien tolerada, pocos requirieron de cirugía (11 por ciento) y escasas transfusiones (27 por ciento). Un 10 por ciento presentó Hb. post-sangrado mayor del 20g por ciento, por probable Mal de Montaña Crónico; cuatro de ellos fueron admitidos descompensados, con compromiso de conciencia y perturbaciones cardiorespiratorias, requiriendo de sangría inmediata, lo que constituye un hecho singular de la patología en las grandes alturas de los Andes peruanos
